Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new immunosuppressive agent FK506 was used with steroids to treat 22 pediatric patients who received living-related partial liver transplantation. Seventeen recipients survived and 5 died between one and 16 months after transplantation. Three of the 5 patients who died had required intensive care preoperatively. Autopsy findings showed no evidence of rejection. There was no episode of rejection that required retransplantation in any of the patients. Liver allograft dysfunction, which was suspected to be a rejection response, was encountered in 2 recipients with ABO-nonidentical but compatible grafts. However, their clinical and biochemical findings were ameliorated upon steroid pulse therapy or upon augmented FK506 administration without additional potent immunosuppressive agents. Steroid treatment has been discontinued in all surviving patients at 1-9 months after transplantation. Infectious complications encountered in 9 patients included 2 bacterial, 5 viral, and 2 fungal infections. One recipient died of fungal pneumonia. Abnormal increase of serum creatinine level was confined to the complicated patients. Hypertension was a temporary adverse reaction in the early postoperative period, and only one patient needed an antihypertensive drug at 2 months after transplantation. Acute pancreatitis with hyperamylasemia was observed in one patient who was treated successfully with reduction of FK506 administration. Tremor was observed in 8 patients, itching in 4, insomnia in 2, and vomiting in one. Hirsutism, gingival hypertrophy, and lymphoma were not observed. FK506 was highly effective in living-related partial liver transplantation not only in terms of immunosuppressive potential but also because it produced fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:Experience with FK506 in living-related liver transplantation. 767 28

Tazobactam (TAZ) is a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor. Tazobactam/Piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) is a formulation consisting of TAZ and PIPC in a ratio of 1:4. Singe-dose toxicity studies in TAZ/PIPC and TAZ were carried out using mice and rats of both sexes and male dogs. The results were as follows. 1. A common clinical sign in mice and rats administered TAZ/PIPC or TAZ by all routes was soft stool. Other signs in mice and rats included a decrease in spontaneous motor activity and/or a decreased respiratory rate for the intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) route. The animals administered by the i.v. route showed tremor for mice and clonic convulsion for rats before death. Hyperemia, hemorrhage or edema of the lung, and hemorrhage of the digestive tract were observed in these animals at necropsy. An enlargement of the spleen was seen in some of the surviving animals treated with TAZ/PIPC. 2. In dogs, TAZ/PIPC caused vomiting, and TAZ caused vomiting, respiratory abnormality, soft stool and diarrhea by the intravenous (i.v.) administration. 3. TAZ/PIPC or TAZ caused clinical signs such as the loss of hair at the injection site for the s.c. route, and necrosis of the tail for the i.v. route in mice and rats, also caused limping of the injected anterior limb in dogs. Necrosis and hemorrhage at the injection site, and peritonitis by the i.p. injection were observed at necropsy. These findings were due to the irritation of TAZ/PIPC or TAZ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Single-dose toxicity studies of tazobactam/piperacillin and tazobactam]. 783 Feb 84

The main clinical features, pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of drug-induced parkinsonism are reviewed. The clinical manifestations of drug-induced parkinsonism are often indistinguishable from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. However, some subtle differences may exist: for example drug-induced parkinsonism is often associated with tardive dyskinesias, bilateral symptoms and the absence of resting tremor, etc. Besides toxins (eg manganese, carbon monoxide or MPTP), many drugs are known to produce parkinsonism: dopamine blocking drugs (true neuroleptics used as antipsychotics: phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes but also sulpiride, "hidden" neuroleptics prescribed as anti-nausea or anti-vomiting drugs (such as metoclopramide and other benzamide derivatives), dopamine depleting drugs (reserpine, tetrabenazine), alpha-methyldopa, calcium channel blockers (flunarizine, cinnarizine, etc). The putative role of other drugs (eg fluoxetine, lithium, amiodarone) as well as the therapeutic management of this side effect are reviewed.
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PMID:Drug-induced parkinsonism: a review. 785 36

A total of 221 cases of deliberate acute overdose with fluvoxamine reported to the Paris Poison Centre, and 78 cases collected by the International Drug Safety Department of Duphar BV were analysed. Other agents, mainly benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, other antidepressants and alcohol, were also taken in 77% of the cases. The acute toxicity that could be attributed to fluvoxamine alone was rarely severe. The symptoms observed were always benign when the dose of fluvoxamine was below 1000 mg and included drowsiness, tremor, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bradycardia and/or anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, mydriasis, sinus tachycardia, urinary retention). Seizures occurred in a few cases after high doses (generally > 1500 mg). Cardiotoxicity was not a serious problem; sinus bradycardia was noted with doses of less than 1000 mg, but was always moderate and required no treatment. Conduction abnormalities were rare.
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PMID:Acute fluvoxamine poisoning. 790 58

This paper reports the DHE substitution clinical trial in 38 heroin addicts. The CINA (Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment) scale was used to assess physical dependence potential. The CINA scale contains 10 opioid withdrawal signs (nausea, vomiting, gooseflesh, sweating, restlessness, tremor, larcrimation, nasal congestion, yawning, changes in heart rate and systolic blood pressure) and 3 opiate withdrawal symptoms (abdominal pain, muscle pain and feeling hot or cold). For each subject admitted to the Drug Detoxification and Treatment Center his (her) status on each of the 13 items of CINA were immediately rated. Then, naloxone 0.4 mg was injected iv to precipitate withdrawal symptoms and at 5, 10, 15 min after the naloxone injection, the CINA score of each patient was rated again. The differences among the scores of pre- and post-naloxone injection is a measurement of the degree of withdrawal symptoms. Then, a single dose of DHE was administered sublingually to each patient, all withdrawal symptoms disappeared. These results show that DHE can compete with naloxone for opioid receptors. A good dose-response relationship was found between the 100% suppressive withdrawal sign doses of DHE and the degree of withdrawal sign in heroin addicts. The physical dependence potential of DHE given to heroin addicts sublingually was probably more than that of methadone given to heroin addicts orally by making reference to the report of Dr. Peachy.
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PMID:[Clinical assessment of physical dependence potential of dihydroetorphine hydrochloride (DHE)]. 797 40

This randomised, open, parallel group study compared the antiemetic efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron with metoclopramide plus lorazepam in 102 patients receiving a first course of non-cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Control of acute vomiting by tropisetron was significantly superior to that of the metoclopramide regimen, with total control (no vomiting) in 45% of 51 patients in the tropisetron group compared with 22% of 51 patients in the metoclopramide group (P = 0.013); total and partial control (< 5 vomits) occurred in 67 and 47% of patients, respectively (P = 0.044). The incidences of acute nausea and of delayed nausea and emesis were similar in the two treatment groups. Both tropisetron and metoclopramide were well tolerated; no adverse effects were attributed to tropisetron administration with the exception of headache. One patient in the metoclopramide group reported confusion and tremor thought to be related to the antiemetic therapy. Tropisetron is an effective and well-tolerated agent in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced vomiting. The control of acute nausea was similar in the two treatment groups, but tropisetron was superior to a metoclopramide-based regimen in the control of acute vomiting.
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PMID:Tropisetron compared with a metoclopramide-based regimen in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. 808 Jun 74

Shaken baby syndrome is a less widely recognized form of physical child abuse. It is defined as vigorous manual shaking of an infant who is being held by the extremities or shoulders, leading to whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleeding and no external signs of head trauma; often identifying shaken baby syndrome is difficult because of the lack of obvious external signs. Shaken baby syndrome should be considered in infants with seizures, failure to thrive, vomiting associated with lethargy or drowsiness, respiratory irregularities, coma, or death. With the increased awareness of child abuse, more attention has been focused on morbidity and death caused by the violent shaking of infants. This article describes the clinical findings of shaken baby syndrome, explores the characteristics of families at risk for abuse, and discusses implications for nurse practitioners.
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PMID:Shaken baby syndrome: identification and prevention for nurse practitioners. 815 88

A 24-year-old oil well tester was rendered semiconscious by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). He received oxygen and was hospitalized but released in 30 minutes. The next day, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and incontinence of urine and stool led to rehospitalization. These problems and leg shaking, dizziness, sweating, trouble sleeping, and nightmares prevented his return to work. A physical examination, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests were normal 39 months after the episode but vibration sense was diminished. Two choice visual reaction times were delayed. Balance was highly abnormal (5 to 6 cm/sec) with eyes closed. Blink reflex latency was slow (R-1 17.5 msec versus normal 14.3 msec). Numbers written on finger tips were not recognized. Verbal and visual recall were impaired but overlearned memory was intact. Cognitive functions measured by Culture Fair, block design, and digit symbol were impaired. Perceptual motor was slow. Scores for confusion, tension-anxiety, depression, and fatigue were elevated and vigor was reduced. Forty-nine months after exposure his reaction time, sway speed, and color vision had not improved. His recall and his cognitive, constructional, and psychomotor speeds had improved but remained abnormal. These deficits are most likely due to H2S. Similar testing of other survivors is recommended.
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PMID:Case report: profound neurobehavioral deficits in an oil field worker overcome by hydrogen sulfide. 823 84

We report a rare case of Hodgkin's disease in which intracranial involvement developed during the course of the patients illness. A 20-year-old man who had complained of lymph node swelling on the right neck was admitted to a hospital in December 1978. Lymph node biopsy revealed Hodgkin's disease, and he was treated by various series of chemotherapy and radiotherapy with unsatisfactory results. He was transferred to Yamanashi Medical College Hospital in June 1985. He was in a far-advanced state at the time, and palliative treatment was applied. In the middle of May 1986, he complained of headache, tinnitus, and sleeplessness. Vomiting and tremor were observed by the end of May 1986. Brain CT scan revealed a space occupying lesion in the right temporal region. Whole brain irradiation of 45 Gy was effective, and the lesion disappeared. However, his general condition deteriorated and he died in November 1986. Brain autopsy could not be performed.
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PMID:A case of intracranial involvement of Hodgkin's disease. 829 Jun 98

Use of addicting drugs among women during pregnancy exposes newborns to potentially serious disorders. A group of symptoms referred to as neonatal withdrawal syndrome (NWS) may occur in infants born to mothers addicted to certain drugs because, at birth, the infants suddenly are cut off from the drug supply. Classes of drugs that cause NWS are those that produce addiction in adults, including the opioids (heroin, methadone, morphine), barbiturates, alcohol, and benzodiazepines. Many of the manifestations of NWS occur regardless of the class of drug, including irritability, hyperactivity, abnormal sleep pattern, high-pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and failure to gain weight. The fact that these symptoms are nonspecific makes it difficult to identify NWS unless it is specifically looked for. The onset, duration, and severity of the disorder differ based on such factors as the addictive drug used, time and amount of mother's last dose, and rate of elimination of the drug from the newborn. Pharmacologic intervention may be required to control severe symptoms and signs. The most common drugs used to modify withdrawal are phenobarbital, paregoric, chlorpromazine, and diazepam. Treatment is complicated by conflicting information on the effectiveness of various agents.
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PMID:Neonatal withdrawal syndrome: associated drugs and pharmacologic management. 832 34


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