Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report an infant with Shaken Baby syndrome (SBS) who presented with status epilepticus. The initial evaluation with computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) of the head was normal, and there was no history or physical finding consistent with physical abuse or shaking. This prompted an extensive evaluation to determine the etiology of the seizures. An ophthalmology consultation revealed the presence of severe bilateral retinal hemorrhages, which raised the possibility of SBS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral hemorrhages, hemorrhagic contusions, and bilateral subtemporal subdural hematomas. This is the first reported case of SBS diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging following a normal initial CAT scan. MRI may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of brain injury in SBS and may be particularly valuable when the CAT scan of the head is normal, the etiology of neurologic injury is unclear, and the presence of retinal hemorrhages raises the suspicion of SBS.
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PMID:Shaken baby syndrome diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. 269 92

Venom was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus of rats and electroencephalographic recordings were obtained from the hippocampus and occipital cortex. Behavioural alterations consisted of circling, wet shaking and scratching that evolved to head and body jerks and isolated clonic episodes and then to wild running followed by tonic-clonic generalized seizures and status epilepticus. Electroencephalographic alterations consisted of high frequency and high voltage spikes together with epileptiform seizures beginning in the hippocampus and evolving to the cortex. However there was only a poor electrographic-behavioural correlation between the generalized tonic-clonic seizures preceded by wild running and the electrical recordings from hippocampus and occipital cortex. Histology revealed lesions at the site of injection as well as at distant sites. Severity of neuronal damage was associated with seizure intensity. Damaged areas were almost the same as found within other models of epilepsy. Nevertheless a remarkable difference was the highly lesioned hypothalamus seen in this experiment. We discuss our results in relation to results obtained with other methods of inducing epilepsy. This venom may be a useful tool for studying the nervous system.
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PMID:Behavioural, electroencephalographic and neuropathological effects of the intrahippocampal injection of the venom of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus). 271 90

A spontaneous neurological mutation was detected in a colony of Sprague Dawley rats. The animals developed a progressive neurological syndrome characterized by tremor (which appeared at the age of 1 month), ataxia (at 4 months), immobility episodes (after 5-6 months), audiogenic seizures and hindlimb paralysis (after 10 months). Cross breeding experiments indicate that this is an autosomal recessive mutation, which we have named taiep subline.
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PMID:Sprague Dawley rat mutant with tremor, ataxia, tonic immobility episodes, epilepsy and paralysis. 272 22

We report here four patients with acute leukemia, who developed seizure or tremor following treatment with imipenem, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic. All four patients had no renal dysfunction and recovered after discontinuation of the drug. Two patients who developed seizure had a past history of cerebral hemorrhage with symptoms of meningitis in one and the other had received frequent intrathecal injections of methotrexate. Seizure also occurred in another patient who was given multiple intrathecal injections of methotrexate. The remaining old patient developed tremor after the first administration of imipenem which did not progress to convulsion. Cerebral hemorrhage or meningitis is known to predispose patients for convulsion following imipenem treatment. In addition, the present study suggests that central nervous system damage related with intrathecal injections of methotrexate may be a predisposing factor. Thus, imipenem should be given with caution to acute leukemia patients who often have risk factors for developing imipenem-related complications.
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PMID:[Seizure and tremor occurring in acute leukemia patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin]. 276 62

300 patients with sleeping sickness have been admitted, at the AHT clinic of Daloa, over a time period of 22 months. The sex ratio of the patients is 1.5 males for 1 female; the mean age is 25.5 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms observed by clinical examination are: fever (30%), nodes (86.3%), prurigo (43.3%), splenomegaly (15.3%), hepatomegaly (1%), headache (72.6%), vigilance and sleeping disturbances (68.7%), perioral reflexes (67.6%), cheiro-oral reflexes (64.3%), movement disorders consisting of tremor, choreo-athetosis movements, buccal dyskinesia or seizures (35%), motor palsy and gait disorders (15%), tonus disturbances (12.3%), sensitivity abnormalities (17%), endocrine disorders (16.3%), psychiatric symptoms (6.3%). According to CSF status, 261 patients have been classified in second period (P2). This group, although biologically well defined, is in fact a miscellaneous group of clinical signs and symptoms ranging from apparently normal patients to sleeping comatose and cachectic patients. 93% of the patients in this group have peripheral signs associated with neurological symptoms. They are as frequent in the first period as in the second period, with a statistical significance. This is an argument to think that the CNS is early affected in the course of the disease. The classification of the patients in groups of increasing neurological impairments, is in accordance with this hypothesis. 89% of the patients in the second period have only slight neurological signs. This explain how difficult it is for a physician to use melarsoprol in the treatment of all patients classified in second period.
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PMID:[The different present-day clinical picture of human African trypanosomiasis caused by T. b. gambiense. Analysis of 300 cases from a focus in Daloa, Ivory Coast]. 284 37

The relationship between wet-dog shaking (WDS) and afterdischarge (AD) elicited by dorsal hippocampal stimulation was investigated. The number of the WDS during a 150-s observation period was 9.6 +/- 2.0 (mean +/- SEM) and no WDS was seen during the non-seizure period. The effects of morphine and neuroleptics on WDS and AD were also investigated. Morphine significantly inhibited the number of WDS elicited by hippocampal stimulation. Naloxone significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect of morphine. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the number of WDS at very small doses. The inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine on WDS was not antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone. The present results suggest that central dopaminergic mechanisms may be important in WDS elicited by hippocampal stimulation. The effect of morphine on WDS is probably mediated via an opioid receptor having a modulating effect on central dopaminergic mechanisms.
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PMID:Effects of morphine and neuroleptics on wet-dog shaking behavior elicited by hippocampal stimulation in rats. 286 Jun 86

The relationship between wet-dog shaking (WDS) and after-discharge (AD), and the effects of neuroleptics on WDS and AD elicited by hippocampal stimulation, were investigated. AD elicited by hippocampal stimulation consisted of primary and secondary phases. The intensity of the WDS during a 150 sec observation period showed two peaks. The intensity of WDS was reached at the 1st and 2nd peak in the 1st and the 2nd phase of AD, respectively. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine significantly and dose-dependently blocked the appearance of WDS. In particular, the number of WDS decreased during the early 1st phase and the 2nd phase of AD, after hippocampal stimulation. When the hippocampus was stimulated at intervals of 24 hr for 3 successive days a week, the number of WDS during 10-40 sec after stimulation decreased gradually and a small peak appeared during 40-60 sec in the 3rd and 4th week group. This pattern is similar to that seen in the chlorpromazine- and haloperidol-injected group. The possibility that seizure susceptibility, when the hippocampus is stimulated repeatedly, mimicks findings in case of blockage of dopaminergic function by the injection of neuroleptics, has to be considered.
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PMID:Effects of neuroleptics on hippocampal stimulation-induced 'wet-dog shaking' in rats. 286 34

Kainic acid (KA), an excitatory neurotoxin, was used as a tool to study the metabolism of hippocampal opioid peptides and their functional role in the expression of wet-dog shakes (WDS). A single intracerebral injection of KA (1 microgram/rat) caused recurrent motor seizures lasting 3-6 h. During the convulsive period, native Met5-enkephalin-like (ME-LI) and dynorphin A(1-8)-like (DYN-LI) immunoreactivities in hippocampus decreased by 31 and 63%, respectively. By 24 h after dosing, the hippocampal opioid peptides had returned to control levels, and by 48 h ME-LI had increased 270% and DYN-LI 150%. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that ME-LI and Leu5-enkephalin-like (LE-LI) immunostaining in the mossy fibers of dentate granule cells and the perforant-temporoammonic pathway had decreased visibly by 6 h and had increased markedly by 48 h following KA. A visible decrease in DYN-LI in mossy fiber axons within 6 h was followed by a substantial increase at 48 h. To determine whether the increases in hippocampal ME-LI reflected changes in ME biosynthesis, levels of mRNA coding for preproenkephalin (mRNAenk) and cryptic ME-LI cleaved by enzyme digestion from preproenkephalin were measured. Following the convulsive period (6 h), mRNAenk was 400% of control, and by 24 h, cryptic ME-LI was 300% of control. Increases in native and cryptic ME-LI and in mRNAenk were also noted in entorhinal cortex, but not in hypothalamus or uninjected striatum. Our data suggest that KA-induced seizures cause an increase in ME release, followed by a compensatory increase in ME biosynthesis in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Several lines of evidence from this study have suggested that hippocampal enkephalins are intimately related to KA-elicited WDS. The shaking behavior was attenuated by pretreatment with naloxone or antisera against [Met5]-enkephalin. We also observed that KA-induced WDS can be mimicked by intrahippocampal injection of enkephalin-related peptides. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that intact dentate granule cells are essential for KA- and enkephalin-induced WDS, since a colchicine injection into the ventral hippocampus, which selectively destroys granule cells, abolished this behavior.
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PMID:Kainic acid as a tool to study the regulation and function of opioid peptides in the hippocampus. 289 Feb 24

Violent shaking of young infants has a variety of ocular and systemic sequelae, including retinal and subdural hemorrhages, seizures, coma, and death. The syndrome can be difficult to recognize because of the lack of external signs. The retinal examination and computed tomographic findings are absolutely essential for making the diagnosis, but very little information is available concerning this disorder in the ophthalmology literature. This paper presents the findings of a case of shaken baby syndrome and discusses the challenges in diagnosis.
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PMID:Shaken baby syndrome. Ocular and computed tomographic findings. 295 83

At the age of 6 years a patient developed disorders of character, intellectual deterioration, tremor, falls and epileptic seizures. This was followed by extrapyramidal and pyramidal disorders with a fatal outcome at age 21. There was no family history. Histopathology showed evidence of Hallervorden-Spatz disease, remarkable by the diffusion of spheroids into the central nervous system gray matter and by the presence of innumerable Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Similar findings have been reported in only 3 other cases of typical Hallervorden-Spatz disease. They suggest a preferential affection of monoaminergic neurons.
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PMID:[Hallervorden-Spatz disease with Lewy bodies]. 300 95


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