Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This work is a retrospective study of latrodectism in the State of Bahia, Brazil, from August 1980 to July 1990. The data concerning the accidents were obtained from file cards at the Antivenom Information Center of Bahia (AVICB). Latrodectus curacavienis was the ethiologic agent identified in 28% of the arachnid accidents. The major incidence was registered in urban area (57%) affecting men (70%) more than women, with 10 to 29 year-old age group (58%). Local pain (56%), erythematous papula (29%) and light oedema (17%) were the principal local symptoms. Pain in the limbs (29%), tremor and rigidities (29%), sweating (28%), limbs and arms paresthesia (21%) and abdominal pain (17%) were systemic ones. The treatment was mainly symptomatic (67%) and antivenin serum was used in 21% of the cases. After serotherapy, 64% of the patients left the hospital within less than 24 hours.
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PMID:[Retrospective study on Latrodectus stings in Bahia, Brazil]. 748 Sep 14

Thalamic structures involved in the unpleasant emotional or affective aspect of pain are poorly understood. We now describe studies of the region of the thalamic principal somatosensory nucleus (Vc) performed before thalamotomy for tremor in a patient who also had panic disorder. Microstimulation in the region posterior to Vc evoked chest pain, including a strong affective dimension, almost identical to that occurring during his panic attacks, as measured using a questionnaire. Results in our other patients indicate that stimulation-associated pain with a strong affective dimension occurred only in those patients who had previously experienced spontaneous pain with a strong affective component. These results are consistent with stimulation-evoked activation of limbic structures, which are connected through cortex with the region posterior to Vc and involved in the affective dimension of pain through conditioning by previous experience.
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PMID:Stimulation in the human somatosensory thalamus can reproduce both the affective and sensory dimensions of previously experienced pain. 758 11

Two hundred and sixty-two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were analyzed retrospectively. Results showed that middle- and older-age women were more apt to have CTS than men, and that the dominant hand was more frequently affected. Hormonal changes, repetitive and forceful movements, awkward positions of hand and wrist, and other factors may be associated with CTS. Typical clinical manifestations include pain and paresthesia in the median nerve territory, worsening at night or in the early morning, and being relieved by shaking the hand. Although the patients may localize the discomfort beyond the territory, sensory changes are variable and not entirely reliable. Conduction abnormalities often appeared selectively in the median nerve distal to the wrist in CTS. If the patient who is clinically suggestive of CTS shows normal conduction with conventional methods, palmar stimulation and inching technique is recommended. The diagnosis of CTS requires confirmation of illness history, symptoms and signs with objective electrodiagnostic tests.
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PMID:Carpal tunnel syndrome: etiological, clinical and electrophysiological aspects of 262 cases. 764 14

Motor disorders affecting the orofacial musculature include bruxism, chronic orofacial muscle pain affecting the jaw and neck muscles and the involuntary waking period disorders such as orofacial dyskinesia, oral mandibular dystonia, tremor and others. Research at UCLA has touched these and many other areas. Current results have indicated the usefulness of contingent afferent electrical stimulation of the lip to control bruxism; provided information regarding the fatigue, endurance and recovery faculties of the protrusive jaw muscles; explored the issue of chronic muscle hyperactivity inducing headache pain; and worked with botulin toxin as a method to treat orofacial dystonia and dyskinesia.
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PMID:Oral motor disorders in humans. 768 5

The formalin test is increasingly used as a model of injury-produced pain but there is no generally accepted method of pain rating. To examine the properties of various pain rating methods we established dose-response relations for formalin injected in the plantar surface of one hind paw, and the analgesic effects of morphine and amphetamine using the most frequently reported behavioural measures of pain (favouring, lifting, licking and flinching/shaking of the injured paw) and combinations of these. Licking, elevation and favouring of the injected paw showed a biphasic response at all formalin doses. Flinching varied in form across the time course of formalin, and the biphasic nature of the behaviour was not as apparent. In untreated rats all these behaviours were infrequent. Flinching and favouring were increased after injection of local anaesthetic into the paw but remained negligible relative to the effect of formalin. Grooming other than that directed to the injected paw was elevated in a dose-dependent manner by formalin. Intercorrelations between the behaviours were different for the initial response and the second phase. Correlational analysis indicated that no single behavioural measure was a strong predictor of formalin, morphine and amphetamine dose. A simple sum of time spent licking plus elevating the paw, or the weighted pain score of Dubuisson and Dennis (1977), were superior to any single measure (r ranging from 0.75 to 0.86). Addition of flinching and favouring to the combined pain score using multiple regression did not increase variance explained. Depending on the measure used, a sedative dose of pentobarbital produced apparent analgesia, hyperalgesia or no effect. The interphase depression of pain, as well as the analgesic effects of morphine and amphetamine, were all associated with increased motor activation. Power analysis indicated that using a moderate dose of formalin and a combined pain score gave the greatest power to detect differences in pain. It was also found that pain scores increase with ambient temperature and that rat strains may differ in formalin pain sensitivity.
Pain 1995 Jan
PMID:The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats. 771 46

Microstimulation within and below the ventrocaudal nucleus (Vc) in the human thalamus typically evokes non-painful, paraesthetic cutaneous sensations. We now describe cases in which thalamic microstimulation evoked visceral pains. Data were obtained during stereotactic thalamotomy procedures. Patient 211 had a history of essential tremor. At a site 0.5 mm ventroposterior to Vc, microstimulation elicited pain described as 'deep, internal, in a straight line like my appendix pain years ago'. Patient 153 had a history of post-stroke hemibody pain. In each of two trajectories, at sites approximately 2 mm ventroposterior to Vc, microstimulation evoked pain in the groin. At one of these sites, the pain was described as 'like having a baby'. These and additional observations suggest that stimulation ventroposterior to Vc can evoke visceral pain and may trigger pain 'memories'.
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PMID:Visceral pain evoked by thalamic microstimulation in humans. 775 31

T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Murine monoclonal antibody OKT-3 (IgG2a), known to be specific for T lymphocyte 20 kD glycoprotein CD3 receptor was labelled with 5 mCi 99Tcm and given intravenously (i.v.) to seven RA and two psoriatic arthritis patients following informed consent to identify inflamed synovium. Anterior and posterior whole body scans and specific regional imaging was commenced 20 min later. At 1 h, approximately 20% of 99Tcm was associated with the lymphocytes. In these patients, all 41 asymptomatic joints and 43 joints with mild pain or minimal tenderness had normal scans. All 34 joints with moderate to severe pain had moderate to marked uptake of radioactivity. Two patients experienced shaking chills for 20-30 min within an hour of 99Tcm-OKT-3 infusion. These results suggest that 99Tcm-OKT-3 imaging serves as an objective surrogate for joint inflammation and could be useful as a measurement of therapeutic effectiveness in RA and other diseases with inflamed synovium. The side effect profile may limit the utility of 99Tcm-OKT-3 but other forms of antibodies directed toward lymphocyte subsets may be useful.
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PMID:Imaging rheumatic joint diseases with anti-T lymphocyte antibody OKT-3. 783 46

Physiological dependence on benzodiazepines is accompanied by a withdrawal syndrome which is typically characterized by sleep disturbance, irritability, increased tension and anxiety, panic attacks, hand tremor, sweating, difficulty in concentration, dry wretching and nausea, some weight loss, palpitations, headache, muscular pain and stiffness and a host of perceptual changes. Instances are also reported within the high-dosage category of more serious developments such as seizures and psychotic reactions. Withdrawal from normal dosage benzodiazepine treatment can result in a number of symptomatic patterns. The most common is a short-lived "rebound" anxiety and insomnia, coming on within 1-4 days of discontinuation, depending on the half-life of the particular drug. The second pattern is the full-blown withdrawal syndrome, usually lasting 10-14 days; finally, a third pattern may represent the return of anxiety symptoms which then persist until some form of treatment is instituted. Physiological dependence on benzodiazepines can occur following prolonged treatment with therapeutic doses, but it is not clear what proportion of patients are likely to experience a withdrawal syndrome. It is also unknown to what extent the risk of physiological dependence is dependent upon a minimum duration of exposure or dosage of these drugs. Withdrawal phenomena appear to be more severe following withdrawal from high doses or short-acting benzodiazepines. Dependence on alcohol or other sedatives may increase the risk of benzodiazepine dependence, but it has proved difficult to demonstrate unequivocally differences in the relative abuse potential of individual benzodiazepines.
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PMID:The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. 784 56

Local injections of botulinum toxin is a well-accepted treatment for focal dystonias, hemifacial spasms and strabismus. Its use by skilled neurologists has been reported to be safe and effective. We report our experience with botulinum toxin injections in 108 patients with various central nervous system disorders. Botox was effective in upper face dystonia (86% improvement), spastic dysphonia (92% improvement), platysma muscle spasms and spasmodic torticollis (range of movement 61%, pain and tension 90%). It was also very effective in a few patients with apraxia of eyelid opening, parkinsonian jaw tremor, teeth clenching, palatal myoclonus and adductor leg spasticity. No serious side effects were recorded. Botulinum toxin is a useful symptomatic treatment for many neurological disorders, and one of the leading mode of treatments in the new subspecialty in neurology called "Interventional neurology."
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PMID:Interventional neurology: botulinum toxin as a potent symptomatic treatment in neurology. 798 70

The effect of Thymomodulin-TFX on pentetrazole convulsions, tremorine-induced tremor, pain response to intraperitoneal acetic acid injection, hexobarbital sleeping time, isolated guinea pig ileum, isolated rat uterus, rabbit skeletal muscle response, diuresis and corneal response was tested. In addition the effect of TFX on reproduction of albino rats was investigated. In doses up to 20 mg/kg, 8 times higher than clinical doses, TFX did not reveal any unwanted effects. The results of tests widen the security margin for TFX's usage.
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PMID:Pharmacological properties of the extract of thymus gland (Thymomodulin-TFX) and its effect on reproduction. 806 58


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