Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, caffeine consumption in Japan is thought to have increased. Although caffeine had been considered to be harmless, there have been studies which suggests an association between caffeine and health and give rise to vigorous discussion. However, in Japan, there have been few epidemiological studies on caffeine consumption among a general population. A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students and the results were as follows: 1) High dose users (estimated daily caffeine use is 250 mg or more) were observed in 15.2% and the proportion was higher in males than in females. 2) The respondents gave sleepiness, dry mouth and so on, as reasons for taking caffeine beverages, and gave, as the effects of caffeine, becoming clear-headed, shaking off sleepiness, and epigastric discomfort or pain. 3) A third of respondents have experienced taking caffeine tablets and ampules to shake off sleepiness and, in males, the more caffeine they had daily, the more who reported the experience. 4) Caffeine consumption has an association with alcohol use and smoking habit among males.
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PMID:Caffeine consumption among medical students. 208 88

Despite astounding progress in the biochemical management of Parkinson's disease in particular and of other movement disorders, there are still patients disabled by severe tremor and not by bradykinesia in whom thalamotomy remains the treatment of choice. Though the irreducible complications of surgery must be taken into account, the problems of prolonged multiple drug therapy should not be ignored. The same rationale applies to selected patients with essential or familial tremor. For some patients with ataxic tremor caused by multiple sclerosis and other brain lesions, or with dystonia or, rarely, other movement disorders, thalamotomy may offer limited though significant relief from an otherwise intractable disability. Indications for the use of stereotactic destructive lesions in the treatment of nociceptive pain in those cases where cordotomy and intraspinal morphine infusion are unsuitable have contracted with the introduction of lower-risk alternatives such as intraventricular morphine instillation. When destructive lesions are indicated, the choice will lie between mesencephalic tractotomy, with its higher success rate but irreducible mortality and morbidity, and medial thalamotomy, which, though less risky, is also less effective. For central and deafferentation pain, the same two procedures may be considered. However, destructive lesions are seldom effective for the treatment of the most common element of these pain syndromes: steady burning or dysesthetic pain. They may be more promising, though, for the intermittent, often shooting pain and the evoked elements (hyperpathia and allodynia) of central and deafferentation pain. Even so, it is advisable first to carry out a trial of VC and PVG stimulation before considering a destructive lesion, which should be a last resort.
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PMID:Thalamotomy. 213 73

We present 43 patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) who manifested abnormalities of movement. The patients have focal dystonia, weakness, spasms, tremor, difficulty initiating movement, and increased tone and reflexes. These motor signs and symptoms may precede other manifestations of the illness by weeks or months. They most frequently, but not invariably, occur concomitantly with sudomotor or vasomotor changes and pain. Lioresal is effective in reducing spasms. Early in the course of RSD, the motor manifestation may be alleviated by intense sympathetic blockade or sympathectomy. In many patients, the movement disorder becomes independent of sympathetic innervation.
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PMID:The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. 239 45

A comparison was made of the spontaneous nociceptive behaviors elicited by s.c. injection into the rat hind paw of the following 8 irritants: acetic acid, carrageenan, formalin, kaolin, platelet-activating factor, mustard oil (given topically), serotonin, and yeast. Two distinct quantifiable behaviors indicative of pain were identified: flinching/shaking of the paw and hindquarters and licking/biting of the injected paw. These behaviors were prolonged and intense after formalin and acetic acid. Formalin-induced flinching was biphasic across time, a finding potentially useful for the study of both acute and tonic pain. Of the remaining test agents, only yeast caused significant spontaneous behavioral activity, which was of low intensity but long duration. Different time-courses for nociceptive behavior and development of edema were demonstrated for formalin, acetic acid and yeast. It is therefore unlikely that these endpoints are causally related. Overall, the present data strongly support the use of formalin as a noxious stimulus in tonic pain research.
Pain 1990 Feb
PMID:The rat paw formalin test: comparison of noxious agents. 230 68

Parkinson's disease has been studied in a community of Northern Norway. The main object of the study was to find the prevalence of the disease. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease was 133 per 100,000 population (men 113, women 134) and 189 adjusted to the total Norwegian population (both sexes). Prevalence increased with age in both sexes, especially after the 60th year. The average age at onset was 63.1 years (men 60.5, women 65.4 years). Tremor was present in 98% of the patients, hypokinesia in 78%, rigidity in 65%, all three in 56% and pain in 35%. The prevalence, sex distribution, and the age at onset is similar to that in other European and North American studies.
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PMID:[Parkinson's disease in a population group in northern Norway]. 278 35

Although physiological corroboration of the target is essential in functional stereotactic surgery, the collected data can also be used for the offline study of normal and abnormal brain function. Such studies have the advantage of being made in actual clinical states with the unique opportunity of communicating with the patient. Correlations were made between microelectrode recordings and microstimulation at the same thalamic site with the same microelectrode in 'normal' patients, in those with tremor and in those with central and deafferentation pain. Human somatosensory organization is similar to that of subhuman primates. Five types of tremor cells have been identified-unresponsive nonsynchronous, unresponsive synchronous, kinaesthetic, voluntary, and voluntary with receptive field. While the last two qualify in latency and connectivity as tremor pacemakers, system analysis suggests an important element of long loop feedback as well. In the pain patients, five features were identified-somatotopic reorganization, altered firing in reorganized cells, bursting cells induction of burning widespread in thalamus and reproduction of the patient's pain by microstimulation-possibly a 'central allodynia' found in deafferented somatosensory thalamus particularly in patients with allodynia or hyperpathia. All but the latter effects may be merely the consequence of deafferentation and were seen in a 'control' stroke patient with dystonia, sensory loss but no pain.
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PMID:Microelectrode techniques in localization of stereotactic targets. 288 38

Concentrations of putative neuroactive substances glutamate, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, proline and ethanolamine were determined in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid collected in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, pain syndromes or cerebellar tremor. Values are similar to those given in the literature for lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. A decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid in Parkinson patients, as reported in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, could not be observed. Further evidence for a rostro-caudal gradient for gamma-aminobutyric acid is supplied. New insights into pathophysiological mechanisms in any of the investigated syndromes may not be derived.
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PMID:Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of putative amino acid transmitters in Parkinson's disease and other disorders. 289 52

Ninety postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were randomly assigned to be treated with HD-MPA administered either by oral route (daily dose 900 mg) or by intramuscular injections (1 g IM daily X 5 q w during 4 consecutive weeks followed by maintenance with 1 g twice weekly). Among 78 evaluable cases, most heavily pretreated, remissions, lasting for a median duration of 11 months, were more frequent on oral (8/37 = 22%) than on IM therapy (5/41 = 12%). In both arms, high estrogen receptor levels and various clinical factors were associated with higher response rates i.e., age greater than 60, Karnofsky greater than 70, light prior systemic treatment. Side-effects, consisting mainly of weight gain, hypertension and tremor occurred with equal frequency on oral or IM treatment. Five patients complained of pain at the sites of IM injections. Thus, we recommended that, whenever possible, the oral route should be preferred. During the same study, in 20 patients (11 on oral and 9 on IM therapy), blood was drawn at 0, 30, and 60 days of treatment for the assessment of MPA and hormone levels. In both arms, at 60 days, comparable levels of circulating MPA were obtained, with a very significant drop of cortisol, androstenedione, and estrone. These endocrine results, together with our clinical data, indicate that HD-MPA therapy is active on estrogen-dependent tumors with the same specificity as that of other modalities aiming to suppress the adrenal function. Its antineoplastic action in humans could be ascribed at least in part to its suppressive action on the adrenals, resulting in a severe estrogenic deprivation in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Oral versus intramuscular high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (HD-MPA) in advanced breast cancer. A randomized study of the Belgian Society of Medical Oncology. 294 41

The behavioral and biochemical effects of intracerebroventricular administration of cholecystokinin were investigated in experiments on male Wistar rats. Cholecystokinin induced specific dose-dependent changes in the behavior of the animals. At low doses the inhibiting influence on behavior predominated; at high doses stereo-typed behavior, shaking of the head and increased reactivity to pain stimuli were observed. Cholecystokinin appreciably inhibited the circulation of serotonin and dopamine in the brain structures in comparison with physiological saline solution. Administration of cholecystokinin against a background of phenamine and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan briefly entirely inhibited the behavioral effects induced by these substances. On the basis of the data obtained it can be assumed that cholecystokinin is an endogenous modulator of the activity of the monoaminergic systems of the brain.
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PMID:Intracerebroventricular administration of cholecystokinin inhibits the activity of the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems of the brain. 299 47

The pharmacological actions of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-pyrrolizidineacetamide hydrochloride hemihydrate (SUN 1165), a new antiarrhythmic agent, on the central nervous system were studied in various experimental animals as compared with those of disopyramide, mexiletine and lidocaine, and the following results were obtained. 1. Acute toxicity of SUN 1165 in mice was similar to that of mexiletine, and twice as potent as compared with that of disopyramide and lidocaine. Main acute toxic symptoms of SUN 1165 were muscle relaxation, ataxia, clonic convulsions, tremor and a decrease in spontaneous activity in mice, rats and rabbits. In addition to these symptoms, vomiting in dogs was observed. These toxic symptoms were similar to those of lidocaine. In the case of disopyramide, ataxia, tremor and a decrease in spontaneous activity were observed in mice and rats. On the other hand, mexiletine caused central nervous excitatory symptoms, that is, tremor, Straub tail, clonic convulsions, jumping, running and opisthotonus in mice and rats, and vomiting in dogs. 2. SUN 1165 even at large doses (50-100 mg/kg p.o.) exerted no significant effects on the following changes: hexobarbital-induced induced hypnosis, oxotremorine-induced tremor, apomorphine-induced hypothermia, reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia, 5-hydroxytryptophan syndrome and fighting behavior in mice, and conditioned avoidance response in rats. 3. An ineffective dose of SUN 1165 (12.5 mg/kg p.o.) on spontaneous locomotor activity was lower than of disopyramide and lidocaine, however, higher than that of mexiletine. 4. SUN 1165 at large doses showed antagonistic action on toxic extensor seizures induced by maximal electroshock, picrotoxin, or strychnine in mice, but anticonvulsive effects of SUN 1165 were less potent than those of mexiletine and lidocaine. SUN 1165 had no effect on clonic convulsions induced by pentetrazol and pictrotoxin in mice, while both mexiletine and lidocaine prolonged the duration of clonic convulsions. 5. The muscle relaxant effect of SUN 1165 (50%-toxic dose, TD50 = 30 mg/kg p.o.) was more marked than that of lidocaine (TD50 = 92 mg/kg p.o.) on traction test in mice. However, effect of SUN 1165 (TD50 = 62 mg/kg p.o.) on motor incoordination was similar to that of disopyramide, mexiletine and lidocaine on the rotarod test in mice. 6. The analgesic effect of SUN 1165 was as weak as that of disopyramide, mexiletine and lidocaine on chemically and mechanically-induced pain response in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:General pharmacological studies on N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-pyrrolizidineacetamide hydrochloride hemihydrate. 1st communication: effect on the central nervous system. 319 80


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