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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Industrial overexposure to chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide, caused tremor in 76 of 148 exposed workers. Chlordecone was absorbed through oral, respiratory, and dermal routes, the last possibly the most significant. Epidemiology of this incident disclosed low-level, widespread environmental exposure of man to chlordecone. In 23 workers with chronic chlordecone intoxication, tremor was associated with opsoclonus, pleuritic pain and arthralgia. No seizures were reported. The site of action of chlordecone on the central nervous system is unknown. It concentrates in human adipose and hepatic tissue but is not biodegradable, either in humans or elsewhere in nature.
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PMID:Chlordecone intoxication in man. I. Clinical observations. 7 55

Two new compounds: 2- and 4-pyridylmethylamides of acetyltropic acid (PAT 2 and PAT-4) show spasmolytic effects on isolated guinea pig ileum, have mydriatic actevity in rabbits and block restraint produced ulceration in rats. PAT-4 causes a strong inhibition of the salivary secretion in mice. Both of the test compounds inhibit also the effects of ACh and vagus stimulation on the blood pressure and have local anaesthetic activity. PAT-4 inhibits the aggressive behaviour in mice and rats, prolongs the hexobarbital sleeping time, increases the pain treshold and inhibits the oxotremorine induced tremor in mice. Both PAT-2 and PAT-4 had no effect on the convulsant action of pentetrazole. EEG findings show that central cholinolytic activity is present in both compound tested.
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PMID:Pharmacological studies on 2- and 4-pyridylethylamides of acetyltropic acid (PAT-2 and PAT-4). 16 62

Results of electrostimulation and destruction of the median centre of the thalamus in 15 patients with parkinsonism and in 7 patients with uncontrollable pain are presented. Reactions of activation and inhibition in the psychoemotional, somatic and vegetosensory spheres in response to the stimulation are described. Data on bioelectrical activity changes in the cortex of the large hemispheres are presented. Special studies of the effect of the median centre destruction on the muscular tone and tremor were carried out. In the akinetic forms of parkinsonism the effect of reactivation after the median centre destruction was found to be of little clinical importance.
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PMID:[Effects of electric stimulation and destruction of the centrum medianum of the optic thalamus in patients with akinetic forms of parkinsonism]. 38 71

This paper reports and illustrates in figurine style results obtained by electrical stimulation of the cortex in 20 patients and by recording of cortical evoked potentials (EPs) in 13 of these patients, whose surgery required wide exposure of the Rolandic or paracentral regions of the cortex. This study is unique in that cutaneous receptive fields related to specific cortical sites were defined by mechanical stimulation, as is done in animals, in contrast to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves at fixed sites, as in scalp EP recordings. Observations were made on pre- and postcentral gyri, on the second somatic sensory-motor area, on the supplementary motor area, and on the supplementary sensory area. In two patients with phantom limb pain, the pain was elicited in one on stimulation of the postcentral arm area, and in the other on stimulation of the supplementary sensory leg area. Surgical removal of these areas had the immediate effect of abolishing the phantoms and the pain. Long-term follow-up review was not possible. In one patient with severe Parkinson's disease, stimulating currents subthreshold for the elicitation of movement resulted in disappearance of tremor and rigidity for short periods after stimulation of the precentral gyrus. The possible patterns of organization of the human pre- and postcentral areas are considered and compared with those of the chimpanzee and other primates. In patients in whom data from pre- and postcentral gyri were adequate, it appeared that the precentral face-arm boundary is situated 1 to 2 cm higher than the corresponding postcentral boundary.
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PMID:Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation. 47 34

The alteration of cortical electrical activity induced by imperative stimulation following warning stimulation, contigent negative variation (CNV), and psychological changes following thalamotomy for relief of intractable pain (CM) and tremor (VL) are studied, since CNV has a close relationship with the degree of psychological activity. Ventrolateral thalamotomy does not have any effect on the amplitude of cortical CNV, but the ventromedioposterior part of the centre median has a generating action of CNV in itself and it has facilitatory effects upon cortical CNV. According to these results, the effective mechanism of centre median thalamotomy for relief of intractable pain is caused by suppression of attention and expectancy for exogenous stimuli following lesions of the centre median.
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PMID:Motivational slow negative potential shift (CNV) related to thalamotomy. 72 70

Fifty fit, female patients were given four consecutive intravenous doses of etomidate 10 mg, so as to maintain sleep, after establishment of epidural block for postpartum sterilization. A matched group was given four doses of thiopentone 125 mg. Cumulative hypnotic effect, as judged by increasing sleep duration with second and subsequent doses, was much less with etomidate than with thiopentone. Etomidate did not depress blood pressure, whereas it fell progressively with successive doses of thiopentone. Injection pain was reported in 68% of patients receiving etomidate, and this tended to increase with successive doses; 12% also showed local inflammation at the injection site. Tremor, due to etomidate, was common, but did not increase with successive doses. Feelings of sleepiness, lasting several hours after waking, were more common after thiopentone than after etomidate.
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PMID:Effects of etomidate given in repeated doses. 73 55

Pharmacological properties of LOP were compared with those of imipramine(IMP). LOP had little or no effect on electroconvulsive shock and chemoconvulsions in mice, conditioned avoidance response in rats, pain threshold in mice and rats and body temperature in rabbits. LOP, unlike IMP, showed relatively weak effects on general behavior in mice, spontaneous EEG in cats and spontaneous motor activity in mice. LOP prevented oxotremorine-induced hypothermia but not tremor, while IMP antagonized both the responses in mice. In anesthetized dogs, LOP caused a respiratory stimulation and a fall in blood pressure, left ventribular pressure and left ventricular dp/dt without a noticeable effect on heart rate. LOP was less potent than IMP in the depressor and cardiodepressing effects, antispasmogenic activity and in antagonizing the depressor response to acetylcholine. LOP, like IMP, potentiated pressor response to norepinephrine and reduced that to tyramine in anesthetized dogs, but neither antidepressant produced norepinephrine potentiation in isolated guinea-pig vas deferens. Both drugs inhibited spontaneous motility of the jejunum without reducing the gastric motility in anesthetized dogs. These results indicate that, compared with IMP, LOP is characterized by weak general pharmacological activities.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of lopramine]. 98 74

Tests conducted with mice demonstrated the neuroleptics droperidol, galoperidol and aethaperazine capable of subduing in mice greatly the agressive reaction provoked by an electric stimulation of pain and to distinctly raise at the same time the sensitivity of the M-cholinoreactive systems of the brain to the tremor-inducing effect of arecoline. Amizyl (benactyzil) and cyclodol, by abolishing this M-cholinopositive action of the neuroleptics, greatly reduce, at the same time, their antiagressive activity, Il may be presumed that in the antiagressive activity of neuroleptics the activation of the M-cholinergic plays a definite part in cerebral mechanisms produced by them.
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PMID:[Participation of brain cholinergic mechanisms in the action of neuroleptics]. 124 75

Animal data indicate that serotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter involved in the control of numerous central nervous system functions including mood, aggression, pain, anxiety, sleep, memory, eating behavior, addictive behavior, temperature control, endocrine regulation, and motor behavior. Moreover, there is evidence that abnormalities of 5-HT functions are related to the pathophysiology of diverse neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, dystonia, Huntington's disease, familial tremor, restless legs syndrome, myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and dementia. The psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, mania, depression, aggressive and self-injurious behavior, obsessive compulsive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, substance abuse, hypersexuality, anxiety disorders, bulimia, childhood hyperactivity, and behavioral disorders in geriatric patients have been linked to impaired central 5-HT functions. Tryptophan, the natural amino acid precursor in 5-HT biosynthesis, increases 5-HT synthesis in the brain and, therefore, may stimulate 5-HT release and function. Since it is a natural constituent of the diet, tryptophan should have low toxicity and produce few side effects. Based on these advantages, dietary tryptophan supplementation has been used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders with variable success. This review summarizes current clinical use of tryptophan supplementation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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PMID:L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. 130 30

We have previously demonstrated that scratching was significantly increased in a rat model of polyarthritis and that this could be reversed by morphine and electrical stimulation of pain-modulating brain areas. We therefore proposed that scratching might represent a parameter of chronic pain. In this study, we examined the spontaneous behaviour of rats in a model of peripheral neuropathy induced by loosely tying 4 ligatures around the right common sciatic nerve. In half of the animals (N = 7), the ligatures were made with resorbable sutures and, in the other half (N = 7), with non-resorbable sutures of the same size. Postoperatively, scratching was significantly increased at the ligated side. This increase was already observed on the first postoperative day, and maximal effects were reached on the 3rd day. We also observed a qualitative change in the scratching behaviour; postoperatively, scratching was often a vibratory-like shaking of the hind paw in the air. The time course of the increased scratching was time-locked with the development of allodynia to thermal stimulation. No differences were found either in the time course of the increased scratching behaviour or in the time course of the thermal allodynia between the rats ligated with resorbable and with non-resorbable sutures. However, a difference in the walking pattern, as measured by the sciatic functional index (SFI), was observed between the two groups: whereas the SFI normalized after 4 weeks in rats ligated with resorbable sutures, it remained disturbed until the end of the 16-week observation period in the rats ligated with non-resorbable sutures. Morphine 1, 2 and 5 mg/kg dose-dependently reduced the increased scratching behaviour. This was not due to a general depressant effect on the rats' behaviour. This finding is discussed in light of the debate on opioid sensitivity of neuropathic pain. The present results add new evidence that scratching is a possible sign of chronic pain in the animal.
Pain 1992 Jul
PMID:A time course analysis of the changes in spontaneous and evoked behaviour in a rat model of neuropathic pain. 132 48


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