Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The utility and side effects of sustained-release lithium carbonate (Priadel) in a once-per-day dose regimen was investigated with 66 male delinquents, ages 17-24 years, in a double-blind study comparing the antiaggressive effect of lithium carbonate with placebo. Serum lithium levels and symptoms were determined weekly for up to eight drug-free and 12 on-medication weeks. Average daily doses of 1500-1700 mg Priadel gave 24-hour serum lithium levels in the range 0.7-0.9 mEq/liter. Principal side effects were polyuria and shakiness, with other important side effects bring hand tremor, dryness of mouth, nausea, and weakness. No lithium toxicity was observed, and diarrhea was reported infrequently. Placebo response data are presented.
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PMID:Sustained-release lithium carbonate in double-blind study: serum lithium levels, side effects, and placebo response. 126 38

In healthy volunteers the emetic effect of apomorphine (5-10 mg, i.m.) was prevented by haloperidol (2 mg), metoclopramide (10 mg) and sulpiride (100 mg), injected intramuscularly. In parkinsonian patients, apomorphine (1 mg) given alone ameliorated the neurological symptoms (30% improvement in the disability score), but the improvement was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sedation or sleepiness. Haloperidol (2 mg) prevented not only the emetic effect of apomorphine (10 mg), but also its therapeutic efficacy in parkinsonism. Indeed, the disability score was worsened by the drug combination in some patients. Moreover, after haloperidol, apomorphine produced deep sedation and sleep. By contrast, in parkinsonian patients pretreated with metoclopramide (10 mg) or sulpiride (100 mg), apomorphine (10 mg) markedly diminished tremor and rigidity and failed to produce nausea, vomiting and sleepiness.
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PMID:Therapeutical efficacy of a combination of apomorphine with sulpiride or metoclopramide in Parkinsonism. 127 13

The efficacy and safety of 7-10-day courses of lomefloxacin (single daily dose of 400 mg) or norfloxacin (twice-daily doses of 400 mg) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections were compared in two large, multicenter, randomized trials. This article presents the combined results of these trials, which were conducted in a total of 27 centers throughout the United States. A total of 727 adults, mostly women, with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection were enrolled; 370 patients were randomized to lomefloxacin treatment, and 357 received norfloxacin. The bacteriologic cure rate at 5-9 days post-therapy was 98.2% in the lomefloxacin group and 96.3% in the norfloxacin group (p = nonsignificant). The clinical success rate of 99.1% in the lomefloxacin group was significantly higher than the success rate of 93.5% in the norfloxacin group (p = 0.002). Adverse events were reported by 157 lomefloxacin-treated patients and 129 patients receiving norfloxacin. Adverse events attributable to drug treatment occurred in 41 patients (11.1%) in the lomefloxacin group and 27 (7.6%) in the norfloxacin group. Eight lomefloxacin (2.2%) and three norfloxacin patients (0.8%) were withdrawn from treatment because of adverse events probably attributable to the drug. The incidence of dizziness, tremor, and photosensitivity rash was higher in the lomefloxacin group than in the norfloxacin group, while the incidence of nausea was higher in the norfloxacin group. The results of these trials demonstrate that once-daily administration of 400 mg lomefloxacin is as safe and effective clinically as, and superior bacteriologically to, twice-daily administration of 400 mg norfloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult patients.
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PMID:Efficacy of lomefloxacin as compared to norfloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adults. 131 75

For phenomenological elucidation of panic attacks, 26 patients with panic attacks were requested to name the panic symptoms in order of their occurrence and specify the patterns of their abatement. Panic symptoms were found to be classifiable into three categories: early symptoms consisting of dizziness or faintness, palpitations, and sweating; intermediate symptoms dyspnea, nausea or abdominal distress, flush or chills, chest pain or discomfort, shaking, and choking; late symptoms paresthesias, fear of dying, and fear of going crazy. Panic symptoms disappeared in 61.6% irrespective of the sequence of their occurrence. Twenty-one patients were interviewed about the experience of nocturnal panic attacks, and 23.8% experienced them. These findings suggest that fear is caused by sudden physical abnormality triggered by some biological factors.
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PMID:The sequence of panic symptoms. 148 43

When human divers and experimental animals are exposed to high pressure of helium-oxygen mixture, they develop the high pressure neurological syndrome, characterized by nausea, vertigo, tremor, myoclonus, EEG modifications and convulsions. Free-moving rats were stereotaxically implanted in the anterior caudate nucleus with a microdialysis probe to measure dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels during different phases of a simulated dive up to 5.1 MPa. Compression was found to cause an increase in extracellular dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations, but not in homovanillic acid. This represents a specific effect of high pressure on the dopaminergic pathway. Recent findings on D2 autoreceptors, showing a decrease in receptor affinity under pressure, allow us to conclude that pressure increases dopamine synthesis through a direct action on D2 autoreceptors.
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PMID:Effects of high pressure on striatal dopamine release in freely moving rats: a microdialysis study. 149 92

The antianginal efficacy of bepridil, a calcium antagonist with an extended plasma elimination half-life, has been compared with placebo and the calcium antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem in patients refractory to diltiazem. The earliest observations in the United States of antianginal effects of bepridil were revealed in a single-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of 77 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris that demonstrated that bepridil (300 mg/day) improved exercise duration by 26%, from 6.9 +/- 0.4 (standard error of the mean) to 8.7 +/- 0.5 minutes (p less than 0.001), and exercise work by 52%, from 2.7 +/- 0.3 to 4.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(-3) KPM (p less than 0.001), on a standardized treadmill protocol, and it reduced angina frequency by 68%, from 8.5 +/- 1.1 to 2.7 +/- 0.7 attacks per week, and nitroglycerin use by 76% (p less than 0.001). Minor side effects such as nausea, epigastric discomfort, and tremor were infrequent and no major side effects occurred. Double-blind, parallel-design treatment evaluations confirmed beneficial effects of bepridil alone and in combination with beta blockade. Chronic efficacy was confirmed by evaluations up to 24 months in a controlled withdrawal study. Antianginal effects of nifedipine were compared with those of bepridil in a double-blind, parallel group study of 101 patients with chronic stable angina treated for 3 months. Bepridil (mean final dose 284 mg/day; range 200-400 mg/day) produced modest but statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) greater improvements in exercise work, time to angina, or 1 mm ST-segment change than nifedipine (mean final dose 59 mg/day; range 30-120 mg/day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bepridil treatment of chronic stable angina: a review of comparative studies versus placebo, nifedipine, and diltiazem. 153 68

Bulimia nervosa represents a serious public health problem in the United States. We performed an 8-week, double-blind trial comparing fluoxetine hydrochloride (60 and 20 mg/d) with placebo in 387 bulimic women treated on an outpatient basis. Fluoxetine at 60 mg/d proved superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of weekly binge-eating and vomiting episodes at end point. Fluoxetine at 20 mg/d produced an effect between that of the 60-mg/d dosage and that of placebo. Depression, carbohydrate craving, and pathologic eating attitudes and behaviors also improved significantly with fluoxetine, with the higher dosage again showing a more robust effect than the lower dosage. Several adverse events (ie, insomnia, nausea, asthenia, and tremor) occurred significantly more frequently with fluoxetine (60 or 20 mg/d) than with placebo. However, there was no statistically significant difference among treatment groups in the proportion of patients discontinuing the study because of adverse events.
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PMID:Fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Fluoxetine Bulimia Nervosa Collaborative Study Group. 155 Apr 66

The cause of postanesthesia shaking (PS) is unknown. PS develops spontaneously and unpredictably in up to 67% of patients emerging from general anesthesia, and it continues for minutes to hours when not treated with medications or radiant heat lamps. The purposes of this study were to (1) examine whether butorphanol tartrate (Stadol; Anaquest, Madison, WI/Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Evansville, IN), meperidine (Demerol; Winthrop, NY, NY), and morphine are differentially effective in suppressing PS, (2) compare PS suppression by sex, and (3) determine time to PS development. PS, measured on a 0 to 3 visual scale, developed in 120 of 533 patients (23%). Medication treatment was initiated for 66 of 120 patients by PACU nurses following standard policies and procedures for intravenous doses of 1 mg butorphanol (n = 12), 15 to 30 mg meperidine (n = 18; n = 23), or 2 to 4 mg morphine (n = 13). Treatment effect was measured in units on a 0 to 2 visual scale. By t test, butorphanol is more effective within 2 minutes than meperidine for suppressing shaking alone (P less than .02) or shaking among patients also complaining of pain (P less than .02). Morphine does not relieve shaking. The chi 2 test indicates women suppress PS more rapidly than men (P less than .01), and PS develops within 5 minutes of PACU arrival (P less than .001). Findings suggest that butorphanol is an alternative PS treatment to meperidine, since it relieves shaking within 2 to 5 minutes without producing nausea, vomiting, or recurrence of shaking.
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PMID:Butorphanol tartrate (Stadol) relieves postanesthesia shaking more effectively than meperidine (Demerol) or morphine. 157

A review of the clinical efficacy of four structurally distinct antidepressant drugs is presented. Their antidepressant activity can be rationalised within current pharmacological hypotheses of drug action, despite markedly different effects on "in vitro" testing. Fluoxetine, a specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, has proven safe, effective treatment for depressive illness and may have a role to play in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic attacks. While it has few of the anticholinergic side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants, nausea, tremor, headache, weight loss, nervousness and sweating are side effects most frequently reported. Minaprine, a compound with weak MAO inhibiting properties and effects on serotonergic receptors, has clinical efficacy in the treatment of depression based on several comparative studies. It is claimed that minaprine lacks anticholinergic and sedative properties. Moclobemide, a specific, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A, has been extensively evaluated in depressive illness. The major advantage of this agent over other irreversible, non-specific MAO inhibitors, is the significant attenuation of the so-called "cheese effect" with doses of tyramine likely to be encountered in foodstuffs. Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, represents a new approach to antidepressant treatment. Limited clinical data suggest that the drug may be an effective antidepressant with few side effects. The place of these agents in therapy is yet to be established.
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PMID:New pharmacological approaches to the management of depression: from theory to clinical practice. 158 Aug 88

Limited toxicity information is available in the medical literature on the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac, Dista Products Co, Indianapolis, IN). The goal of this prospective multicenter study was to develop a toxicity profile of initial signs and symptoms observed in an acute fluoxetine overdose. A prospective study was made of patients reported to one of four American Association of Poison Control Centers' regional poison control centers after ingesting an acute overdose of fluoxetine. A standard data collection form was used on all patients ingesting fluoxetine. Information obtained included age, current medications, dose, coingested drugs, presenting symptoms, vital signs, electrocardiogram abnormalities, outcome, and fluoxetine levels. The authors collected 272 cases; 234 cases met the criteria of the study. Fluoxetine was ingested alone in 87 cases and with ethanol or other drugs in the remaining 147 cases. Of the 87 cases where fluoxetine was ingested alone, 67 patients were adults and 20 were children. Symptoms that were seen in the adult group included: tachycardia (15/67), drowsiness (14/67), tremor (five/67), vomiting (four/67), or nausea (four/67). Thirty patients did not develop symptoms. Twelve of the adult overdose patients had total fluoxetine levels ranging from 232 to 1390 ng/mL. The authors conclude that symptoms that develop after an acute overdose of fluoxetine appear minor and of short duration. Aggressive supportive care is the only intervention necessary.
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PMID:Acute fluoxetine overdose: a report of 234 cases. 158 2


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