Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a single-blind, crossover study 10 adult asthmatic patients received a theophylline-ephedrine combination tablet (theophylline 90 mg, ephedrine 16 mg and phenobarbital 25 mg in an immediate release layer and theophylline 90 mg and ephedrine 32 mg in a sustained release layer) twice daily or terbutaline 5 mg three times daily for two weeks. There was no significant difference in bronchodilator response to a single dose of the study drugs on either the initial day of treatment or after two weeks of continuous therapy. Mean increases in serum cyclic-AMP levels produced by both drugs were not significantly different. Mean peak plasma theophylline levels were 2.9 +/- 1.3 microgram/ml following the initial dose and 7.3 +/- 3.4 microgram/ml after two weeks of continuous dosing with the combination drug. No adverse effects on blood pressure or pulse rate were observed to either drug. Overall, the incidence and severity of reported side effects (tremor, nausea and nervousness) were less with the theophylline-ephedrine combination.
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PMID:A comparison of a theophylline-ephedrine combination with terbutaline. 20 29

Bronchodilatory and side effects of fenoterol hydrobromide (Th1165a; hydroxyphenylorciprenaline; Berotec) and isoproterenol given by inhalation were compared in a double-blind crossover study involving 20 volunteer subjects with reversible obstructive disease of the airways. Subjects inhaled medications from aerosol canisters containing fenoterol hydrobromide (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, or 0.4 mg) or isoproterenol (0.15 mg) or an inert placebo propellant in a random sequence of five testing days. All active drugs substantially increased the forced expiratory volume in one second, the mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity, and the specific conductance. The onset of bronchodilation after both fenoterol and isoproterenol was rapid, but the effect from fenoterol lasted much longer, up to eight hours. None of the medications cuased significant tachycardia or hypertension. After inhalation of 0.1 mg of fenoterol hydrobromide, none of the subjects reported nervousness, headache, tremor, or nausea, incontrast with results reported for isoproterenol, higher aerosol doses fo fenoterol, or oral administration of fenoterol. No additional therapeutic benefit was found in the administration of higher doses of fenoterol.
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PMID:Aerosol administration of fenoterol hydrobromide (Th 1165a) in subjects with reversible obstructive airway disease. 33 6

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
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PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

Side effects of pentagastrin were registered in 50 patients before application of a gastric suction drainage tube, during the basal secretion period as well as after injection of 6 microgram/kg pentagastrin resp. 1 ml of physiological saline. Discrete symptoms occurred significantly more frequently after pentagastrin application: 28% of patients complained about nausea, 24% about tremor, 22% about hot feeling. These sensations occurred immediately after injection and continued for several minutes. In 4 persons the test had to be stopped because of collapse. There was no correlation between the frequency of symptoms, age of the patient, sex or gastric acidity. Causal relationships to lowering of blood pressure or changes of gastrointestinal motility are discussed.
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PMID:[Subjective tolerance of pentagastrin test (author's transl)]. 67 79

The relation between lithium dose, lithium concentrations, and lithium gradients in plasma and the side effects tremor, nausea, abdominal pains, and loose bowels was studied in 19 subjects. Rapidly dissolving lithium carbonate tablets were used. Tremor was related to higher doses, to higher concentrations, and to higher gradients of lithium in plasma. Nausea was related to higher gradients. Abdominal pain and loose bowels showed no relation to doses, levels or gradients. Concentrations of lithium were dose-dependent, while gradients were relatively independent of dose.
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PMID:Lithium side effects in relation to dose and to levels and gradients of lithium in plasma. 84 39

Nine patients with Parkinsonism were studied before and after treatment with piribedil, a dopamine-receptor stimulator. Piribedil appeared to have a slight anti-Parkinsonism effect upon bradykinesia, and possibly upon tremor, but did not improve rigidity. The chief toxic effects were drowsiness and confusion, and two patients experienced nausea. Changes in homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid indicated that the drug reduced the turnover of endogenous dopamine. In spite of this definite neuropharmacological action, no clear-cut associated clinical benefit was demonstrated. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of piribedil in patients with parkinsonism. 109 Nov 22

The effect of a new dopaminergic agonist, piribedil, was studied in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease and compared with placebo and L-DOPA. Piribedil appeared to have a moderate therapeutic effect that was significantly less than that of L-DOPA. Tremor appeared to be the main clinical feature to benefit. Nausea, vomiting, and somnolence were most frequent during the buildup of treatment and confusion and hallucinations during long-term treatment. Piribedil caused a significant decrease in probenecid-induced accumulation of HVA in the CSF, suggesting reduced turnover of endogenous dopamine in the brain. There was a significant relationship between dopamine receptor activation by piribedil and improvement of parkinsonian disability.
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PMID:Dopaminergic agonist effects on Parkinsonian clinical features and brain monamine metabolism. 109 75

A double-blind study comparing the effects of carbidopa and levodopa combined in a single tablet with levodopa alone was undertaken in 50 patients with Parkinson's disease. After 6 months, there was a statistically significant improvement over baseline in total score, rigidity, and tremor only in the patients randomized to carbidopa/levodopa. In addition, 40 percent of the patients treated with carbidopa/levodopa showed obvious clinical improvement (a greater than 50 percent reduction in their total score) over treatment with levodopa alone. However, after 2 years, only 20 percent continued to show this improvement. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia developed in 56 percent of patients on levodopa but in only 27 percent of patients on carbidopa/levodopa. However, abnormal involuntary movements, observed in 48 percent of patients on levodopa, were present in 77 percent of patients on carbidopa/levodopa. Despite the increase in abnormal involuntary movements, carbidopa/levodopa is more effective than levodopa.
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PMID:Comparison of dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) combined with levodopa and levodopa alone in Parkinson's disease. 110 Oct 99

Five subjects were compressed to 1000 ft (31 ATA) for 2 h breathing 3.2 ATA nitrogen, 0.5 ATA oxygen, and the remainder helium. The compression took 33 min with a 10-s stage at 50 ft (2.5 ATA), 1 MIN AT 320 FT (10.7 ATA), and 2 min at 700 ft (22 ATA). Hypothetically, this 1:10 ratio for nitrogen-helium partial pressures should induce neither nitrogen narcosis nor the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS). Tests, therefore, were made during the experiment of postural tremor, spontaneous electroencephalogram, psychomotor and intellectual activities, and subjective sensations. One diver worked underwater for 40 min on a simulated engineering assembly while breathing with a closed-circuit breathing apparatus and wearing a battery-heated suit in water at 56 degrees F. Decompression was in 4 d using 0.8 ATA oxygen and helium. The performance tests indicated no narcosis and little or no signs of HPNS. No tremor or EEG changes were seen. The "wet" diver reported sensations of mild euphoria but the other four reported no difficulties. No nausea or dizziness of HPNS was reported. It is concluded that use of a ratio of 1:10::N2:He is effective in the control of narcosis and HPNS during rapid compression to 1000 ft (31 ATA).
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PMID:Optimal use of nitrogen to suppress the high pressure nervous syndrome. 111 94

Twelve parkinsonian patients with an unsatisfactory therapeutic result on L-Dopa alone due to nausea, vomiting and involuntary movements were treated WITH L-Dopa and decarboxylase inhibitor. The daily dose reached 800mg L-Dopa and 200 mg decarboxylase inhibitor. Single doses of each of the components were also given. Electrophysiological examination of hypokinesia, tremor and rigidity, and clinical observation revealed clear evidence of rapid improvement on small doses of L-Dopa combined with decarboxylase inhibitor. Most of the improvement occurred during the 1st week before the maximal dose was reached. A single oral dose of decarboxylase inhibitor resulted in an improvement, suggesting the presence in the organism of a small AMOUNT OF L-Dopa. This work also shows the absence of liver toxicity of the drug used. Elimination of the extracerebral side effects nausea and vomiting in our opinion is a principle advantage of the compound compared to L-Dopa alone, wheras abnormal involuntary movements, which were found in all patients, remain the limiting adverse side effect.
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PMID:Treatment of parkinsonism with l-dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor. An electrophysiological and clinical study. 114 54


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