Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Procaterol hydrochloride, a new potent beta-2 agonist drug, was evaluated for effects of food absorption, onset of action, and efficacy in a single-dose non-blinded placebo controlled crossover design in 18 subjects. Three diet conditions, separated by a three to seven day washout period, were used and compared to a placebo treatment. The diets were standardized and included high fat, low fat, and a fasting condition. Spirometric determinations and vital signs were obtained at 0, 15, 30 minutes, and at one, two, four, six, eight hours post-dose to evaluate therapeutic availability since no technique for measuring serum levels of procaterol hydrochloride is currently available. Spirometry results indicated significant improvement in pulmonary function during all diet conditions except with the placebo treatment. A delay in onset of action was seen in the low fat diet and to a certain extent in the high fat diet as compared to the fasting condition. There was no effect of diet on procaterol hydrochloride's peak response or duration of action with improvement in pulmonary function demonstrated for up to eight hours. Tremor and headache were the most frequent side effects, and were mild and transient. No significant effects were noted in electrocardiograms, heart rate, or blood pressure. An elevation in serum glucose was seen in three subjects during the fasting challenge and was felt to be secondary to the beta-agonist effects of procaterol hydrochloride. Procaterol was found to be an effective drug with a delayed onset of action when administered with food, but no effect on subsequent efficacy or duration of action.
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PMID:The effect of diet on the efficacy onset and duration of action of procaterol hydrochloride tablets. 294 31

Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial neoplasms. However, its incidence will increase with increased use of CT scan and MRI. The symptomatology is principally acute or chronic hydrocephalus obstructing the foramen of Monro, and the origin of this cyst is controversial, neuroepithelial or endodermal. We report a case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle, associated with cavum veli interpositi. The patient, a 46-years-old female, had suffered from headache, ataxic gait and tremor lasting 6 months. CT scan and homogenous high signal intensity by SR (2450/450) MR image, detected a small round mass in the anterior part of the third ventricle that was of homogenous high density, but without the effect of enhancement. The lateral ventricle was markedly dilated, and a large cavum veli interpositi was found between the third ventricle and the corpus callosum. The cyst was totally removed by transventricular approach, and the result was satisfactory. We reviewed literatures and discussed MRI findings of colloid cysts of the third ventricle. Because of the presence of microvilli covered with coating materials seen in electron microscopic study, we suggested that the colloid cyst was endodermal in origin.
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PMID:[A case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle]. 306 9

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether daily administration of cyclosporin A to symptomatic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis for 1 yr would lead to a significant and sustained improvement in liver enzyme abnormalities. Twelve adult patients (11 female, 1 male; aged 52.6 +/- 8.9 yr, mean +/- SD) with serologic and histologically defined primary biliary cirrhosis were randomized to receive either oral cyclosporin A or vehicle placebo. Cyclosporin A was administered at sufficient dosages to maintain serum radioimmunoassay trough levels between 100 and 200 ng/ml (starting dosage, 2.5 mg/kg.day). After 1 yr of therapy, significant changes from pretreatment values were seen only in recipients of cyclosporin A. These included a 37% decrease in mean serum alkaline phosphatase and a 43% decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (controls +3% and -14%, respectively). Mean serum bilirubin and albumin levels and prothrombin times remained unaltered in the two groups, as did the extent of inflammation and fibrosis and the histologic staging of liver biopsy specimens. Although mean serum creatinine levels increased by 51% in recipients of cyclosporin A (+2% in controls), there were no associated changes in diastolic blood pressure or creatinine clearance values. Other side effects including thrombocytopenia, hirsutism, headaches, tremor, and parasthesiae were common in the treated group but not of sufficient severity to warrant adjustment in the dosage or discontinuation of therapy. The observed changes in hepatic, renal, and hematologic tests tended to return to baseline after discontinuation of therapy. Two patients, both placebo recipients, died of liver failure during the study period. The results of this study indicate that in symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, cyclosporin A administration is associated with a significant improvement in cholestatic liver enzyme abnormalities that persists for the duration of therapy. A progressive rise in serum creatinine levels and a high incidence of side effects raise concerns regarding the long-term safety of this agent in primary biliary cirrhosis.
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PMID:Pilot study of cyclosporin A in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. 316 99

This study suggests that 'nerves' as presented in a primary care clinic is a lay idiom for emotional distress and documents a relationship between the folk ailment 'nerves' and anxiety and depression. One hundred and forty-nine patients at a Virginia clinic were studied, 47 with 'nerves', and 102 controls. Testing with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) showed 'nerves' patients to be more anxious and depressed than controls. 'Nerves' patients had a mean GHQ score of 13.0 compared to 5.8 for controls (P less than 0.0001) and a BDI score of 7.6 compared to 2.5 for controls (P less than 0.0001). Testing with the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale showed 'nerves' patients to suffer more recent life stresses than controls: 'nerves' patients had a mean score of 187.1 compared to 119.3 for controls (P less than 0.05). 'Nerves' patients had somatic symptoms including gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches and shaking. 'Nerves' is most common among women and housewives, and is often attributed to misfortune and tragedy. The ethnomedical illness 'nerves' encompasses a rich array of cultural meanings reflecting the lifestyle and worldview of its sufferers. Despite its chronic debilitating nature, it is rarely recognized by physicians; it is, however, treated by alternative healers. Clinical implications are discussed and recommendations advanced, among them that physicians work with such healers in the recognition and treatment of 'nerves'.
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PMID:'Nerves': folk idiom for anxiety and depression? 320 46

The response of patients with major depressive illness to fluoxetine or dothiepin was compared in a double-blind multi-centre trial. No differences in efficacy were observed, but the profile of side-effects differed with tremor, rash, nausea and headache occurring with fluoxetine, and drowsiness, dizziness and visual disturbance with dothiepin. It is likely that fluoxetine will be marketed with a proposed dose range lower than the one used here.
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PMID:A double-blind multi-centre trial of fluoxetine and dothiepin in major depressive illness. South Wales Antidepressant Drug Trial Group. 328 4

Persons with Q fever usually present with severe retrobulbar headache, a fever to 104 degrees F or higher with shaking chills, general malaise, myalgia, chest pain, and sometimes pneumonia and hepatitis. Cattle, sheep, goats, and ticks are the primary reservoirs of the etiologic agent, Coxiella burnetii. Humans are usually infected by inhaling infectious aerosols. Because C. burnetii can survive for long periods in the environment, it poses a continuing health hazard once it is disseminated. Q fever usually occurs sporadically, but large outbreaks are frequently observed throughout the world, particularly among abattoir workers and personnel working in research centers. Q fever endocarditis follows a chronic course and is frequently fatal. Tests for antibodies to C. burnetii are required for confirmation of the diagnosis. Tetracyclines remain the mainstay of treatment for acute Q fever, and tetracyclines in combination with other antibiotics have been advocated for patients with Q fever endocarditis. Vaccines for Q fever have been proven effective in clinical trials.
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PMID:Q fever: current concepts. 331 37

In a double-blind trial, comprising 96 depressed patients, citalopram was compared with maprotiline. The trial period was 6 weeks with ratings (MADRS, CGI) and side effects recordings taking place at Weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6. Both drugs were administered as a single evening dose, 40 or 60 mg for citalopram, and 75 or 150 mg for maprotiline. MADRS total scores and CGI scores showed a highly significant reduction in both groups with no significant difference between them, whether the groups were considered as a whole or whether they were subdivided into endogenously/non-endogenously depressed or melancholic/non-melancholic patients. Side effects were not significantly different, but the maprotiline group showed more anticholinergic side effects, whereas the citalopram group showed more nausea, increased sweating and headache. Two patients on maprotiline were withdrawn because of side effects (hypotension and somnolence in the one case; tremor and insomnia in the other). One patient in each group was withdrawn because of increased transaminases, the citalopram-treated patient having increased values, however, already at baseline. Apart from this, no cardiovascular side effects and no pathological laboratory values related to treatment were observed. The authors conclude that citalopram is a safe antidepressant drug and as effective as maprotiline.
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PMID:Citalopram versus maprotiline: a controlled, clinical multicentre trial in depressed patients. 332 48

Manganese (Mn) poisoning, a well-known hazard in miners and industrial workers, shares many features with Parkinson's disease. Two young agricultural workers with a parkinsonian syndrome, who mentioned exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate), led us to investigate a new possible source of Mn intoxication. Fifty male rural workers with occupational exposure to maneb were compared with 19 rural workers without fungicide exposure. We noted significantly higher prevalence of plastic rigidity with cogwheel phenomenon, headache, fatigue, nervousness, memory complaints, and sleepiness in the exposed group. In addition, we saw other neurologic signs, such as postural tremor, cerebellar signs, and bradykinesia, although without statistical significance. The data suggest that occupational exposure to pesticides containing Mn is a possible source of Mn intoxication of the CNS.
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PMID:Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS manganese intoxication. 335 9

Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. The efficacy and safety results of 80 clinical studies of the oral form of ciprofloxacin are reported. Drug safety was assessed in 2236 courses in 2203 adult patients treated primarily in the United States. Data from 1676 courses were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The unit dose for most patients ranged from 250 mg to 750 mg (median, 500 mg), usually given every 12 hours. The duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 231 days (median, 10 days). Predominant among 1722 infections were those of the urinary tract (43%), skin structures (29%), and respiratory tract (19%); the remainder were bone and joint infections (5%), bacteremias (2%), and intra-abdominal (1%), gastrointestinal (1%), and pelvic infections (less than 1%). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 79% of all cases; a further 15% improved, and 5% failed to improve. Pathogens were eradicated in 89% of urinary tract infections and persisted in 5%; 80% of patients still had sterile urine at the 3-to 6-week follow-up. In 81% of nonurinary tract infections, pathogens were eradicated; they persisted in 11%, and superinfection occurred in less than 5%. After treatment, 89% of the 2253 causative organisms were eradicated and 2% were reduced to clinically insignificant counts; 8% persisted. Of 411 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 77% were eradicated, as were 97% of 421 Escherichia coli and 80% of 248 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Also eradicated were 95% of 166 Klebsiella, 96% of 139 Proteus mirabilis, 100% of 20 other Proteus, 94% of 123 Enterobacter, 100% of 68 Haemophilus influenzae, 96% of 49 Citrobacter, 89% of 45 Serratia, 95% of 41 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 91% of 43 Salmonella, 100% of 38 Morganella morganii, and 100% of 35 Providencia isolates. Adverse reactions were judged probably or possibly drug-related in 14.8% of courses; drug treatment had to be stopped prematurely in 3.5%. The most frequent reactions were gastrointestinal complaints (chiefly nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting), metabolic disorders (elevated SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, or blood urea nitrogen), and nervous system effects (dizziness, light-headedness, restlessness, tremor, and headache). Crystalluria, judged to be related to ciprofloxacin, occurred in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial. 336 Sep 68

A rare complication of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use, particularly in patients with collagen vascular or autoimmune diseases, is aseptic meningitis. A healthy 21-year-old man receiving naproxen for muscle spasm was admitted with a chief complaint of severe headache. Approximately one week after beginning naproxen, the patient developed headache, fever (T 38.8 degrees C), shaking chills, and nuchal rigidity with occasional nausea and vomiting resulting in a 15-lb weight loss. Findings from a cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed polymorphonuclear pleocytosis and elevated protein, but no evidence of infection with bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, or viral agents was noted. Within 36 hours of discontinuing naproxen, the meningitis-like symptoms markedly improved. Rechallenge with naproxen was not performed. In patients exhibiting meningitis-like symptoms, a thorough drug history, including that of recent or intermittent NSAID use, should be obtained.
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PMID:Aseptic meningitis associated with naproxen. 339 Nov 11


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