Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heliox compression deeper than 16 ATA can lead to EEG changes associated with confusion and somnolence. In man the symptoms termed the high pressure neurologic syndrome (HPNS) can also include increased tremor, memory problems, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. In a series of 3 dives at NUTEC, a compression profile developed for operational use down to 360 msw was evaluated. In each dive 6 different divers were compressed to 360 msw on heliox. Neuropsychologic and neurophysiologic testing were performed repeatedly. The HPNS testing revealed only mild effects of the compression. Only 3 divers had impairments of more than 2 SD in peripheral motor function compared to their predive average. Memory was impaired periodically in 2 divers. The same was found for perceptual speed and reasoning. Fifty percent of the divers had an increase of more than 2 SD in postural tremor, but that had minimal effect on their motor performance. Six of the 18 divers had an EEG power spectrum with both alpha band inhibition and theta increase. While the performance impairment was most marked around 240 msw, the EEG changes occurred mainly deeper than 300 msw. In only 1 of the 18 divers marked EEG changes, marked tremor increase, and marked cognitive performance impairment were observed at the same time. Although mild HPNS was observed, the divers were little impaired during the compression to 360 msw. The results confirm that using a compression profile with rates decreasing progressively with increasing depth, and with several intermediate stops, provides fit divers at depth. By using standard batteries of HPNS testing we were able to obtain evidence for the acceptability of this compression profile.
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PMID:HPNS effects among 18 divers during compression to 360 msw on heliox. 321 42

The response of patients with major depressive illness to fluoxetine or dothiepin was compared in a double-blind multi-centre trial. No differences in efficacy were observed, but the profile of side-effects differed with tremor, rash, nausea and headache occurring with fluoxetine, and drowsiness, dizziness and visual disturbance with dothiepin. It is likely that fluoxetine will be marketed with a proposed dose range lower than the one used here.
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PMID:A double-blind multi-centre trial of fluoxetine and dothiepin in major depressive illness. South Wales Antidepressant Drug Trial Group. 328 4

In an open, clinical trial comprising a total of 49 depressed in-patients, a new selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor citalopram was administered by intravenous infusion in doses of 20-60 mg once daily for per 3 weeks. The therapeutic effect was assessed globally and by means of the CPRS subscale for depression (MADRS). About 40 per cent of the patients showed a complete response whereas about 25 per cent showed a partial response. Side effects which were rated globally and recorded according to a check-list were generally mild and infrequent. The side-effects most frequently observed were tremor, drowsiness, and dizziness which occurred in about 15 per cent of the patients.' Three patients were withdrawn prematurely because of nausea and one because of a skin rash. Cardiovascular recordings were normal except for one patient, who developed a hypertension which may have been related to the test drug. No pathological laboratory values were detected during the trial period. The authors conclude that intravenously administered citalopram is well suited for the treatment of depressed patients.
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PMID:[Citalopram. An open study of a highly selective serotonin-uptake inhibitor administered by infusion to depressive patients]. 331 9

Although much research has focused on the pathophysiology of panic attacks, little work has been done to describe the phenomenon itself. Twenty-one patients with panic attacks were asked to sequence the panic-related symptoms during an attack in an attempt to clarify the phenomenon. Overall, panic symptoms could be grouped into three categories: early symptoms--consisting of dyspnea, palpitations, chest discomfort, and hot flashes; intermediate symptoms--including shaking, choking, feelings of unreality, sweats, faintness, and dizziness; late symptoms-consisting of fear and paresthesias. Based on symptom clustering and temporal relationships, this study describes the panic phenomenon.
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PMID:The sequence of panic symptoms. 333 5

Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. The efficacy and safety results of 80 clinical studies of the oral form of ciprofloxacin are reported. Drug safety was assessed in 2236 courses in 2203 adult patients treated primarily in the United States. Data from 1676 courses were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The unit dose for most patients ranged from 250 mg to 750 mg (median, 500 mg), usually given every 12 hours. The duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 231 days (median, 10 days). Predominant among 1722 infections were those of the urinary tract (43%), skin structures (29%), and respiratory tract (19%); the remainder were bone and joint infections (5%), bacteremias (2%), and intra-abdominal (1%), gastrointestinal (1%), and pelvic infections (less than 1%). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 79% of all cases; a further 15% improved, and 5% failed to improve. Pathogens were eradicated in 89% of urinary tract infections and persisted in 5%; 80% of patients still had sterile urine at the 3-to 6-week follow-up. In 81% of nonurinary tract infections, pathogens were eradicated; they persisted in 11%, and superinfection occurred in less than 5%. After treatment, 89% of the 2253 causative organisms were eradicated and 2% were reduced to clinically insignificant counts; 8% persisted. Of 411 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 77% were eradicated, as were 97% of 421 Escherichia coli and 80% of 248 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Also eradicated were 95% of 166 Klebsiella, 96% of 139 Proteus mirabilis, 100% of 20 other Proteus, 94% of 123 Enterobacter, 100% of 68 Haemophilus influenzae, 96% of 49 Citrobacter, 89% of 45 Serratia, 95% of 41 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 91% of 43 Salmonella, 100% of 38 Morganella morganii, and 100% of 35 Providencia isolates. Adverse reactions were judged probably or possibly drug-related in 14.8% of courses; drug treatment had to be stopped prematurely in 3.5%. The most frequent reactions were gastrointestinal complaints (chiefly nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting), metabolic disorders (elevated SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, or blood urea nitrogen), and nervous system effects (dizziness, light-headedness, restlessness, tremor, and headache). Crystalluria, judged to be related to ciprofloxacin, occurred in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial. 336 Sep 68

Citalopram, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor with antidepressant properties, was assessed in three studies in 12 healthy subjects using a battery of EEG, psychological, subjective and symptomatic measures. Study A involved the administration of citalopram, 20 mg and 40 mg, amitriptyline 50 mg and placebo in single dose using a balanced cross-over design. The test battery was applied before, and 1 and 3 h after each drug. Citalopram decreased slow-wave EEG activity whereas amitriptyline increased power in most EEG wavebands. Citalopram increased tapping rate and symbol copying whereas amitriptyline impaired these and other psychomotor tasks. Subjectively, amitriptyline was much more sedative than citalopram and produced more complaints of dry mouth. Study B comprised the administration of citalopram in the usual clinical dose of 40 mg, amitriptyline in the low clinical dose of 75 mg and placebo, each given for 9 nights using a balanced cross-over design. The test battery was applied on the first morning (pre-drug) and on the morning after the last nightly dose. None of the physiological tests showed any drug effects. Subjectively, citalopram was associated with feelings of shaking, nausea, loss of appetite and physical tiredness; amitriptyline produced feelings of shaking, nausea, loss of appetite, dryness of mouth, irritability, dizziness and indigestion; in general, amitriptyline effects were more marked than those of citalopram. Plasma samples were taken on the last day and plasma concentrations of both drugs and their metabolites were found to be in the expected range for the regimens used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effects of citalopram in single and repeated doses and with alcohol on physiological and psychological measures in healthy subjects. 346 75

This was an open-label study in 19 children aged 9-13 years, weighing 27-44 kg, with bronchial asthma. Twenty-four-hour steady-state concentrations of theophylline and its metabolites 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 3-methyl xanthine and 1-methyl uric acid were assessed after daily dosing of 600 mg (ca 18 mg/kg/day) of the sustained-release theophylline micro-pellet sprinkle system BY158K, for 4 days. The dosing regimen used was an unequal twice-daily dose of 200 mg in the morning after breakfast and 400 mg in the evening after dinner. Twenty-four-hour peak expiratory flow (PEF) profiles were compared before treatment and at steady-state, along with lung function parameters after bronchial provocation. Mean values +/- SD (n = 16) of the steady-state characteristics were Cmin 6.8 +/- 2.1 mg/l, Cmax 14.5 +/- 4.8 mg/l and Cav 10.5 +/- 2.9 mg/l, the plateau time was 11.7 +/- 4.8 hr and peak-trough fluctuation and swing were 72 +/- 21 and 118 +/- 52%, respectively. There was an excellent reproducibility of theophylline pre-dose levels at corresponding time points of the 24-hr sampling period [r = 0.864 (p less than 0.001)]. Mean values +/- SD of the 24 hr average serum metabolite levels were 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/1 for 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/1 for 3-methyl xanthine and 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/1 for l-methyl uric acid. Lung function (n = 17) following bronchial provocation, improved in 10 children after theophylline treatment of 4 days, remained stable in 2 patients and deteriorated in 5 patients. Serum theophylline profiles and PEF profiles ran largely in parallel over the 24-hr period. Six children exhibited typical theophylline induced side-effects, headache (n = 3), nausea (n = 4), dizziness (n = 1), vomiting (n = 4), sleep disturbances (n = 1), pallor (n = 1) and tremor (n = 1), necessitating in 3 children one dose omission/reduction (n = 2) or subsequent dose reduction (n = 1). It has been shown that a twice daily dosing regimen with unequal doses of anhydrous theophylline (BY158K) is well suited to this population of fast metabolisers. The patients were well protected throughout the day, including the critical early morning hours.
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PMID:Steady state pharmacokinetics, metabolism and pharmacodynamics of theophylline in children after unequal twice-daily dosing of a new sustained-release formulation. 367 17

A 38-year-old man was admitted to Iwakuni National Hospital on July 6, 1978, with the complaints of difficulty seeing and walking. Two weeks before admission, he first experienced dizziness and it slowly progressed to uncontrollable tremor-like movements of the whole body. On admission, he was alert, oriented and afebrile. He had not experienced nausea, vomiting nor headache. He showed irregular horizontal oscillations of the eyes. Electronystagmographic study showed that this jerky eye movement appeared especially with changes of fixation of the eyes. It was also recorded during conjugate eye movement, and while he closed his eyes. He was ataxic, unable to walk, but no other abnormalities in cerebellar functions were observed. Spinal tap was performed and yielded watery clear cerebrospinal fluid containing 9/mm3 mononuclear cells. Clonazepam was given, 1.5 mg per day, for three days followed by doses of 3 mg per day. Improvement in walking was observed one week after starting the medication, when reserpine was started at a dose of 1 mg per day and increased to a dose of 1.5 mg per day in three days. One week after starting reserpine, opsoclonus improved markedly and he became able to read again. He was discharged home on September 3, 1978. Six months after admission, reserpine was decreased to 0.5 mg per day. Difficulty in reading developed within a month. Reserpine was given 1.0 mg per day and the doses was continuously given for next three months. One year after admission, he is back to his former occupation without medication. He complains of slight difficulty in reading for more than an hour, and in watching TV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Opsoclonus-polymyoclonia syndrome suppressed with reserpine]. 371 80

Two groups of divers (Group A and B) were compressed to 500 msw with trimix (n = 3) and heliox (n = 3). After 4 d at saturation depth Group A had a gas change to heliox. Both groups were followed with repeated neuropsychological and neurological tests during compression, at stable intermediate depths and at saturation depth. There were marked high pressure nervous syndrome effects during compression for both groups. Only tremor was inhibited by the nitrogen. In addition Group A was impaired due to nitrogen narcosis. During trimix and heliox saturation there was only some recovery in the EEG. Group B had a sustained high tremor during the saturation. On visuomotor and cognitive functions Group B performed up to predive level on the 3rd d at saturation while Group A was heavily impaired during the whole trimix saturation period. Although dizziness and tremor were the main symptoms in Group B, Group A reported concentration trouble, euphoria, and upset stomach during the saturation phase. Minor changes occurred in the EEG during the gas change. There was, however, a marked increase in postural tremor and recovery on cognitive tests relating to the elimination of the nitrogen. Up to the completion of the gas change no severe symptoms were reported. Six hours after the gas change, severe symptoms occurred with visual and auditory hallucinations and myoclonic jerks as the dominant characteristics. Some symptoms lasted for 12 h. During decompression there was a steady normalization in both groups.
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PMID:CNS reactions at 51 ATA on trimix and heliox and during decompression. 383 48

Sixty out-patients with different nosological types of depression were assigned at random to three different treatment groups and were treated under double-blind conditions for 6 weeks. Two groups received diclofensine in capsules of either 15 or 25 mg, and a third group received capsules with imipramine 25 mg. The dosage schedule provided an initial dose of 2 capsules/day which was to be gradually increased up to a maximum dose of 9 capsules/day. The daily mean dosages actually given over the entire trial period were 64.0 mg diclofensine for group I, 97.6 mg diclofensine for group II, and 102.9 mg imipramine for group III. All treatment groups showed a good improvement of the patients' clinical states within the 6-week period, but the imipramine-treated patients improved more slowly than the diclofensine-treated patients. This was demonstrated by the mean total scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Evaluation of different factors of the HDRS yielded differences between the two drugs in favour of diclofensine for the factor 'inhibition' from the end of week 1 until the end of week 3 and for the factor 'somatic complaints' during week 3. Side effects were - dose dependently - less frequent, less severe, and lasted shorter in the diclofensine-treated patients than in the imipramine-treated ones. The most frequently reported side effects in the diclofensine-treated patients were dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness, and agitation. In the imipramine group side effects were mainly dry mouth, tremor, dizziness, and sleepiness. In conclusion, this study shows an impressively faster onset of efficacy of diclofensine over imipramine, a finding which should be replicated by further studies.
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PMID:Diclofensine and imipramine. A double-blind comparative trial in depressive out-patients. 391 58


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