Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sympathomimetic agent ephedrine has potent thermogenic and anti-obesity properties in rodents. The effect is markedly enhanced by caffeine, while caffeine given alone has no effect. This study was undertaken to find out if a similar weight reducing synergism between ephedrine and caffeine is present in obese patients. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study, 180 obese patients were treated by diet (4.2 MJ/day) and either an ephedrine/caffeine combination (20mg/200mg), ephedrine (20 mg), caffeine (200 mg) or placebo three times a day for 24 weeks. Withdrawals were distributed equally in the four groups, and 141 patients completed the trial. Mean weight losses was significantly greater with the combination than with placebo from week 8 to week 24 (ephedrine/caffeine, 16.6 +/- 6.8 kg vs. placebo, 13.2 +/- 6.6 kg (mean +/- s.d.), P = 0.0015). Weight loss in both the ephedrine and the caffeine groups was similar to that of the placebo group. Side effects (tremor, insomnia and dizziness) were transient and after eight weeks of treatment they had reached placebo levels. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell similarly in all four groups. We conclude, that in analogy with animal studies, the ephedrine/caffeine combination is effective, while caffeine and ephedrine separately are ineffective for the treatment of human obesity.
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PMID:The effect and safety of an ephedrine/caffeine compound compared to ephedrine, caffeine and placebo in obese subjects on an energy restricted diet. A double blind trial. 131 81

The postconcussion syndrome refers to a large number of symptoms and signs that may occur alone or in combination following usually mild head injury. The most common complaints are headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, loss of consciousness and memory, and noise sensitivity. Mild head injury is a major public health concern because the annual incidence is about 150 per 100,000 population, accounting for 75% or more of all head injuries. The postconcussion syndrome has been recognized for at least the last few hundred years and has been the subject of intense controversy for more than 100 years. The Hollywood head injury myth has been an important contributor to persisting skepticism and might be countered by educational efforts and counter-examples from boxing. The organicity of the postconcussion syndrome has now become well documented. Abnormalities following mild head injury have been reported in neuropathologic, neurophysiologic, neuroimaging, and neuropsychologic studies. There are multiple sequelae of mild head injury, including headaches of multiple types, cranial nerve symptoms and signs, psychologic and somatic complaints, and cognitive impairment. Rare sequelae include hematomas, seizures, transient global amnesia, tremor, and dystonia. Neuroimaging and physiologic and psychologic testing should be used judiciously based on the problems of the particular patient rather than in a cookbook fashion. Prognostic studies clearly substantiate the existence of a postconcussion syndrome. Manifestations of the postconcussion syndrome are common, with resolution in most patients by 3 to 6 months after the injury. Persistent symptoms and cognitive deficits are present in a distinct minority of patients for additional months or years. Risk factors for persisting sequelae include age over 40 years; lower educational, intellectual, and socioeconomic level; female gender; alcohol abuse; prior head injury; and multiple trauma. Although a small minority are malingerers, frauds, or have compensation neurosis, most patients have genuine complaints. Contrary to a popular perception, most patients with litigation or compensation claims are not cured by a verdict. Treatment is individualized depending on the specific complaints of the patient. Although a variety of medication and psychologic treatments are currently available, ongoing basic and clinical research of all aspects of mild head injury are crucial to provide more efficacious treatment in the future.
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PMID:The postconcussion syndrome and the sequelae of mild head injury. 143 59

For phenomenological elucidation of panic attacks, 26 patients with panic attacks were requested to name the panic symptoms in order of their occurrence and specify the patterns of their abatement. Panic symptoms were found to be classifiable into three categories: early symptoms consisting of dizziness or faintness, palpitations, and sweating; intermediate symptoms dyspnea, nausea or abdominal distress, flush or chills, chest pain or discomfort, shaking, and choking; late symptoms paresthesias, fear of dying, and fear of going crazy. Panic symptoms disappeared in 61.6% irrespective of the sequence of their occurrence. Twenty-one patients were interviewed about the experience of nocturnal panic attacks, and 23.8% experienced them. These findings suggest that fear is caused by sudden physical abnormality triggered by some biological factors.
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PMID:The sequence of panic symptoms. 148 43

The association between diseases and symptoms and general hospital care was studied in a geographically defined population of 1040 persons aged 65 years or over (90% of the eligible non-institutionalized elderly). In eight years, 25% of the subjects used over 60 hospital bed-days. In age-controlled analyses high use of hospital care was predicted by chronic urinary infections and in women also by chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Among men, the risk of high use of hospital care was greatest in those reporting chronic urinary infection (risk ratio 1.9), and among women in those reporting chronic bronchitis (2.1) and diabetes (2.0). As far as symptoms were concerned, the highest risks of hospital care were found in men reporting tremor (risk ratio 1.6) and depressive symptoms (1.5); and in women reporting memory disturbances and dizziness (risk ratios 1.9 and 1.7, respectively). High use of care was predicted by six symptoms in men and seven in women. Reported symptoms proved to be better predictors of high use of hospital care than reported diagnoses.
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PMID:Diseases and symptoms as predictors of hospital care in an aged population. A prospective register-based study. 149 34

Propranolol having been used for decades was compared with low dose theophylline and placebo in the treatment of essential tremor. Ten de novo patients with essential tremor were treated for three months in a blind cross-over study. Tremor assessed by volumetric method decreased significantly after one week propranolol (80 mg/day) administration, while it was reduced by theophylline (150 mg/day) after two weeks. There was no difference between the two treatments after four weeks. During the propranolol period tension and dizziness were observed in some cases. According the results both drugs are recommended for treating of essential tremor.
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PMID:[Comparative study of theophylline and propranolol in essential tremor]. 157 36

It is the first report of an outbreak of 114 food-poisoning cases due to consumption of Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. Gastralgia, diarrhea, dizziness and general malaise are chief symptoms of the poisoning, with incubation period of 2-6 hrs generally and a short disease period (generally recovered within 2-3 days). No enteropathogenic organism, pathogenic coccus and Campylobacter jejuni were detected. Surface fungi counts were 49,000/g, 21.3 times of that discovered in the marketed dried persimmon. Penicillium cyclopium Westling was the dominant fungus isolated. Mouse toxicity tests were carried out with the crude extracts of the fungus culture. Diarrhea, tremor and convulsion were observed before death. During autopsy, necrosis and hemorrhagic foci were observed in G.I. tract after intra-peritoneal injection and intubation. In histo-pathological examination, different degree of necrosis and scaling of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, lymphocyte infiltration, and necrosis of liver cells and renal tubule epithelial cells could be seen.
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PMID:An outbreak of poisoning from Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. 164 84

Twenty-two patients were reported to complain of tremor, headaches, tachycardia and dizziness 1-3 h after eating veal liver. As clinical symptoms were not suggestive of an infectious cause, the presence of veterinary drug residues was suspected. Clenbuterol, a beta 2-agonist, was being illegally used in cattle because of its anabolizing properties and may explain the observed effects. Assays of clenbuterol in samples of veal liver showed concentrations of 0.375 and 0.500 micrograms/g. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of clinical symptoms in humans associated with the consumption of veterinary drug residue-containing food.
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PMID:Collective human food poisonings by clenbuterol residues in veal liver. 174 41

The method of head shaking test and the clinical significance of head shaking nystagmus were studied. A series of 300 patients suffering from dizziness and disturbance of equilibrium and a group of 60 normal persons were investigated. There was no head shaking nystagmus in normal persons. The incidences of head shaking nystagmus were exceedingly higher than those of other methods of nystagmus provocation. The elicited nystagmus was considered as a form of pathologic sign of central lesions if it was of vertical and oblique type. The head shaking test for detection of latent imbalance of vestibular function as well as for the examination of the patients with dizziness and disturbance of equilibrium was stressed.
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PMID:[Head shaking nystagmus]. 181 90

Following a 1-week, single-blind placebo washout, 150 patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with daily doses of either mianserin, 30 mg to 150 mg; amitriptyline, 60 mg to 300 mg; or placebo, 1 to 5 capsules taken at bedtime (qhs). Mianserin and amitriptyline were found to be comparable in efficacy, and both significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of major depressive illness. Rating instruments, all of which showed significant improvement in the active drug groups over the placebo, included the 17- and 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) index, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity of Illness and Improvement rating scales. Furthermore, for most efficacy parameters in the efficacy-evaluable group, the earliest statistically significant difference vs. placebo could be observed at Visit 1 for the mianserin patients and at Visit 3 for the amitriptyline patients. The safety profile for mianserin was comparable with placebo with respect to laboratory values, electrocardiogram changes, vital signs, ophthalmologic evaluations, and most adverse clinical experiences. Complaints of somnolence and weight gain were comparable in the amitriptyline and mianserin groups. Mianserin was superior to amitriptyline in terms of vital signs; anticholinergic effects; and complaints of dizziness, dyspepsia, and tremor.
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PMID:A controlled study of mianserin in moderately to severely depressed outpatients. 192 59

An open multicenter trial was performed in 242 subjects with chronic obstructive airways disease between August 1987 and April 1989. Two hundred thirty-six subjects were evaluated with regard to safety (m 137, f 99, mean age 49.4 (18-77) years) and 204 subjects with regard to therapeutic efficacy (m 120, f 84, mean age 49.2 (18-77) years). Twelve micrograms (one puff) formoterol was given by metered-dose inhaler twice daily. Investigations were performed at days 0, 14, and subsequently in monthly intervals. Twenty-one patients (10.3%) were sufficiently treated by formoterol alone. One hundred and eighty-three (89.7%) required additional medication, which could be reduced in 90 cases (45.6%). Initially symptoms were present in 201 of 204 patients. At 1 year, 43 patients (21.1%) were symptom-free. At day 0 32.4% of the patients felt "very good" or "good." At 1 year the rate increased to 68.1%. Raw decreased from 0.52 +/- 0.26 (0.06-2.11) kPa.L-1.S at day 0 to 0.33 +/- 0.14 (0.06-0.88) kPa.L-1.S (= -43.5%) at 1 year. FEV1 increased from 1.90 +/- 0.80 to 2.54 +/- 0.97 L (33.7%). The global assessment of therapeutic efficacy was classified as "very good" in 51% (patients) and 47% (doctors), respectively, and as "good" in 38.7% and 42.0%, respectively. Tolerability was "very good" in 82.3% (patients, doctors), and "good" in 12.7% (patients) or 13.7% (doctors). The treatment did not influence blood pressure or heart rate. Twenty-nine patients (12.3% of 236) reported unwanted 39 side effects, such as tremor (6.36%), headache (2.54%), dryness of the mouth (1.27%), cough (0.85%), and dizziness (0.85%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Multicenter 1-year trial on formoterol, a new long-acting beta 2-agonist, in chronic obstructive airway disease. 197 87


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