Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances. 5 91

A new antidepressant, amoxapine, which is a dibenzoxazepine deprivative, was compared with amitriptyline in a randomised double-blind trial. Forty-eight patients were included and 41 completed a 4-week treatment. Most of the patients were maintained on 150 mg daily. Assessments were made by the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and Patient's Self-Evaluation. The total HAM-D score was considerably reduced in the majority of the patients. Amitriptyline was the most effective with regard to symptoms included in the factor Sleep Disturbances and-secondary maybe-towards some items included in the factor Somatization. For the remaining items,including the items of the factors Anxiety/Depression and Apathy, the last score was lower in the amoxapine group than in those treated with amitriptyline. Among the unipolar cases the amoxapine treated patients were more satisfied with regard to efficacy (P = 6.3%). The frequency of side effects such as tremor and dizziness was considerably lower in the amoxapine group. In total, the side effects lasted longer in the amitriptyline group. We conclude that amoxapine seems to be an effective antidepressant with a low frequency of side effects.
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PMID:Amoxapine versus amitriptyline in endogenous depression. A double-blind study. 38 Feb 69

Ftorafur is a 5-fluorouracil analogue which is slowly metabolized to 5-FU, resulting in prolonged therapeutic levels of this latter drug. Ninety-one evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with Ftorafur, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (ACFTOR-BCG), in an attempt to increase the effectiveness of the program or decrease its myelosuppressive toxicity. The results of this trial were compared to those previously reported with the combination of 5-FU, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (FAC-BCG). Overall objective response rates were 65% and 76% for ACFTOR-BCG and FAC-BCG, respectively. Durations of response were 12 months and 14 months for ACFTOR-BCG and FAC-BCG (p = 0.53). The median survival of responders was 22 and 23.9 months, respectively. Substantial toxicity was observed with Ftorafur: nausea and vomiting severe enough to cause weight loss was observed in a substantially higher fraction of the patients treated with this drug than with 5-FU. Other side-effects, which were not observed with the 5-FU combination, were somnolence, dizziness, personality changes, tremor, ataxia, and confusion. No differences in myelosuppressive toxicity were observed between the two combinations, and the incidence of infectious complications was identical. The combination of Ftorafur, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and BCG did not offer any advantages with respect to increased effectiveness or reduced toxicity over the FAC-BCG regimen in breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Ftorafur, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and BCG in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 38 55

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
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PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

The clinical efficacy of Aprindine, a new antiarrhythmic agent was tested in 37 patients with ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. The drug was shown to be effective - disappearance or prevention of relapse of the arrhythmia - in 80% of the cases with ventricular tachycardia, and in 67.7% of the cases with premature ventricular beats. No judgement was possible for supraventricular tachycardia due to the small number of patients. Effectivness of Aprindine was found to be related more closely to the administered dose expressed in mg/kg body weight than to plasma level in steady-state. Discontinuation of therapy was necessary in 5 cases due to the appearance of side effects (tremor and dizziness). Side effects were not found to be in relation with plasma levels or administered dose. In the period of observation (2 months) no effects on blood cells were noticed.
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PMID:Evaluation of clinical efficacy and plasma levels of aprindine. 50 Feb 54

In a comparative study, two groups of patients suffering from bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive bronchitis were tested with the new broncholytic substance 7-(3-[2/24/k-dihydroxyphenyl-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-propyl)-theophylline (reproterol, Bronchspasmin) versus the well proven drug orciprenaline. Both preparations were administered for four weeks in doses of 3 x 20 mg/day (some patients received 6 x 10 mg/day). Different variables of the lung function were examined twice weekly prior to and 1 hr following ingestion of the substance (FVC, FEV1, Rt, IGV, Palpha02). On the basis of findings in above variables, both reproterol and orciprenaline showed very good and significant broncholytic effects. The efficacy of reproterol, however, proved to be significantly superior to that of orciprenaline. This also has been confirmed in subjective reports of patients with regard to strength and duration of alleviation of their respiratory distress. Palpitation, slight tremor of the fingers, restlessness, pressure in the head and dizziness were mentioned as side effects. These symptoms occurred fairly often with orciprenaline, but relatively seldom with reproterol. This difference between the preparations was highly significant. Following four weeks of administration, no tachyphylaxis was observed. In view of the submitted results, reproterol represents, no doubt, a considerable addition to the presently available therapeutic collection of remedies for the treatment of obstructive airways diseases.
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PMID:[The bronchdilating action of reproterol in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis (author's transl)]. 57 33

The anti-arrhythmic properties of a new drug, lorcainide, have been evaluated. Lorcainide is highly efficient for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular extrasystoles and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. It is also efficient in the treatment of supraventricular extrasystoles and repetitive auricular tachycardia. It is ineffective in cases of auricular fibrillation and flutter. The drug also has effective anti-arrhythmic properties when administered orally. It has a small negative inotropic effect which was not clinically relevant in the patient group studied. Side effects were within acceptable limits and essentially consist of dizziness, tremor and blurring of vision, occurring only during rapid i.v. injection and depending upon the speed of injection.
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PMID:Clinical experience with lorcainide (R 15 889), a new anti-arrhythmic drug. 60 18

Five subjects were compressed to 1000 ft (31 ATA) for 2 h breathing 3.2 ATA nitrogen, 0.5 ATA oxygen, and the remainder helium. The compression took 33 min with a 10-s stage at 50 ft (2.5 ATA), 1 MIN AT 320 FT (10.7 ATA), and 2 min at 700 ft (22 ATA). Hypothetically, this 1:10 ratio for nitrogen-helium partial pressures should induce neither nitrogen narcosis nor the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS). Tests, therefore, were made during the experiment of postural tremor, spontaneous electroencephalogram, psychomotor and intellectual activities, and subjective sensations. One diver worked underwater for 40 min on a simulated engineering assembly while breathing with a closed-circuit breathing apparatus and wearing a battery-heated suit in water at 56 degrees F. Decompression was in 4 d using 0.8 ATA oxygen and helium. The performance tests indicated no narcosis and little or no signs of HPNS. No tremor or EEG changes were seen. The "wet" diver reported sensations of mild euphoria but the other four reported no difficulties. No nausea or dizziness of HPNS was reported. It is concluded that use of a ratio of 1:10::N2:He is effective in the control of narcosis and HPNS during rapid compression to 1000 ft (31 ATA).
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PMID:Optimal use of nitrogen to suppress the high pressure nervous syndrome. 111 94

We report an autopsied case of Parkinson's disease manifesting Shy-Drager syndrome. At the age of 63 years, the patient noticed an onset of progressive orthostatic dizziness, which was followed by constipation, dysuria, and sexual impotence. When he was 66 years old, syncopal attack for a few minutes, tremor in the bilateral hands, and memory disturbance developed. On admission, his blood pressure was 142/72 mmHg in supine position, which fell to 58/42 mmHg on standing with appropriate increase of heart rate. Neurological examination revealed hallucination, memory disturbance, masked face, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, mild postural tremor, and autonomic dysfunction including severe orthostatic hypotension, hypohydrosis, constipation, dysuria, and sexual impotence. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing. Brain CT demonstrated absence of severe atrophy of the cerebellum, and brain stem. Pharmacological study revealed denervation hypersensitivity to the intravenously administrated noradrenaline. A diagnosis of Shy-Drager syndrome was made, and he was treated with anti parkinsonian drugs. However, no improvement was observed in his clinical symptoms. Seven months later, he died of pneumonia. Neuropathological examination revealed marked neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Lewy bodies were seen in those pigmented nuclei, dorsal vagal nucleus, hypothalamus and nucleus basalis of Meynert. No abnormality was found in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord. This is the first report on a Japanese patient who presented clinically Shy-Drager syndrome and pathologically typical Parkinson's disease. In this patient, from the pharmacological and pathological findings, sympathetic ganglia were supposed to be the responsible lesion for orthostatic hypotension.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of Parkinson's disease manifesting Shy-Drager syndrome]. 130 25

The efficacy and safety of 7-10-day courses of lomefloxacin (single daily dose of 400 mg) or norfloxacin (twice-daily doses of 400 mg) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections were compared in two large, multicenter, randomized trials. This article presents the combined results of these trials, which were conducted in a total of 27 centers throughout the United States. A total of 727 adults, mostly women, with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection were enrolled; 370 patients were randomized to lomefloxacin treatment, and 357 received norfloxacin. The bacteriologic cure rate at 5-9 days post-therapy was 98.2% in the lomefloxacin group and 96.3% in the norfloxacin group (p = nonsignificant). The clinical success rate of 99.1% in the lomefloxacin group was significantly higher than the success rate of 93.5% in the norfloxacin group (p = 0.002). Adverse events were reported by 157 lomefloxacin-treated patients and 129 patients receiving norfloxacin. Adverse events attributable to drug treatment occurred in 41 patients (11.1%) in the lomefloxacin group and 27 (7.6%) in the norfloxacin group. Eight lomefloxacin (2.2%) and three norfloxacin patients (0.8%) were withdrawn from treatment because of adverse events probably attributable to the drug. The incidence of dizziness, tremor, and photosensitivity rash was higher in the lomefloxacin group than in the norfloxacin group, while the incidence of nausea was higher in the norfloxacin group. The results of these trials demonstrate that once-daily administration of 400 mg lomefloxacin is as safe and effective clinically as, and superior bacteriologically to, twice-daily administration of 400 mg norfloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult patients.
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PMID:Efficacy of lomefloxacin as compared to norfloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adults. 131 75


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