Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparison of several methods for developing physical dependence to morphine was made. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with morphine-admixed food (drug-admixed food, DAF; 0.5 and 1 mg/g food), morphine slow release emulsion (SRE; 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and morphine (75 mg) pellets. In the SRE and pellet methods, the typical signs of morphine toxicity, such as catatonia, exophthalmos and shallow respiratory movements, were observed 15-20 min after the treatment and these signs were maintained for 14-18 hr. In rats treated with SRE and pellets, plasma morphine levels reached a maximum 1 day after the morphine treatment, and subsequently decreased, while plasma morphine levels in rats treated with DAF increased treatment period-dependently. Withdrawal signs precipitated by naloxone (3 mg/kg, sc) in rats treated with DAF, SRE and pellets were characterized by loss of body weight, shaking, vocalization, diarrhea, ptosis, tooth-chattering, nose bleed, salivation and lacrimation. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs reached a maximum 1-2 days after treatment with SRE and pellets, and were correlated with the duration of DAF treatment. Rats treated with DAF, SRE (150 and 225 mg/kg) and pellets for 3 days, manifested loss of body weight, diarrhea etc. after the morphine withdrawal. Maximum body weight loss in each group was 7-10% at 1-2 days after the morphine withdrawal. It was thus, concluded that physical dependence on morphine can be induced rapidly by these three methods. However, the SRE and pellet methods induced morphine toxicity and it was difficult to maintain physical dependence on morphine in these rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Comparison of three methods of inducing physical dependence to morphine in rats using short-term medication]. 654 77

Behavioral and neuropathological studies of morphine withdrawal in rats made dependent on the narcotic and precipitated with intracerebral and systemic naloxone or withholding the drug were performed. Unilateral injection of naloxone hydrochloride in the dose of 10 micrograms into the amygdaloid complex elicited severe withdrawal signs including jumping, wet dog shakes, paw tremor, diarrhoea and gustatory automatisms whereas microinjections of naloxone (10 micrograms) into the dorsal hippocampus resulted in severely less pronounced withdrawal behaviors. Histological examination of frontal forebrain sections by light microscopy did not reveal any neuropathological alterations within the brains of rats either dependent on morphine or in those in which morphine withdrawal was precipitated with naloxone or by abrupt termination of morphine intake. The negative finding of the present study does not necessarily mean that there is no relationship between morphine withdrawal and brain damage.
 ...
PMID:Does morphine withdrawal produce brain damage in rats? 668 36

The preparation, simple in manufacture and consisting of the supernatant fluid (SF) of 48-hour cultures grown in flasks with Hottinger's broth without shaking, was shown to be suitable for the detection of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in diarrhea patients. SF of the cultures of 1206 E. coli strains isolated from 809 adults, together with control preparations, were studied by means of anal test in suckling mice, used to detect thermostable enterotoxin (TSE), and the paw edema test, used to detect thermolabile enterotoxin (TLE). These SF contained highly active TSE and having specific action. The use of SF ensured the high frequency of ETEC detection in patients with different intestinal diseases (in 262 out of 430 patients), placed in the same hospital. The specificity of these results and the relation of the isolated ETEC to the diseases diagnosed in the patients were confirmed by the fact that the frequency of ETEC detection was significantly less in healthy persons (in 22 out of 242 subjects).
 ...
PMID:[Use of stationary-growth broth cultures for obtaining Escherichia enterotoxins. II. Study of Escherichia preparations isolated from diarrhea patients]. 704 77

Nociceptive reactions were determined using the hot plate technique (55 degrees C) in sham-operated and hypophysectomized rats. No significant differences were noticed in the latencies to lick, jump, or escape between the two groups. These experiments indicate that pituitary endorphins are not the sole endogenous substances involved in the regulation of thermonociception. In hypophysectomized rats rendered acutely dependent on morphine, following naloxone, some signs of precipitated abstinence (chewing and teeth chattering) were significantly diminished, some others (abnormal posture, body tremor and pilo-erection) were significantly enhanced, and many others (urination, paw shakes, body shakes, diarrhoea, jump, rearing, eye blinking, head shakes and grooming) were not modified. These observations indicate that the pituitary has a complex role in the expression of signs of abstinence. However, concomitant lesions of the adjacent areas such as the hypothalamus might have also contributed to the observed modifications of the abstinence signs. Hence, it may be advisable always to interpret the results obtained with hypophysectomized rats with some caution.
 ...
PMID:Nociceptive reactivity and precipitated abstinence in hypophysectomized rats. 717 13

In a double-blind clinical trial with 20 patients suffering from endogenous depression statistically significant changes (improvement) were present in the scores of all assessment instruments. Although no statistically significant differences occurred between the groups, significant improvement on the HAM-D occurred earlier for amitriptyline and significant improvement occurred earlier on HAM-A for viloxazine. 2 patients were discontinued due to adverse reactions; one for nausea and vomiting while receiving viloxazine and one for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia while receiving amitriptyline. The same number of TES occurred for each group with seven unique to viloxazine (numbness, tingling, palpitation, ejaculation difficulty, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain and gustatory disturbances) and seven unique to amitriptyline (insomnia, irritability, syncope, tremor, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypertension and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia). Other than for 1 patient who developed syncope and orthostatic hypotension and the patient who developed paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, there were no clinically significant changes in pulse rate, blood pressure and weight. There were no clinical laboratory findings with either drug that were judged to be pathological.
 ...
PMID:Viloxazine in the treatment of endogenous depression. A standard (amitriptyline) controlled clinical study. 718 72

Morphine-withdrawal signs have been induced, in morphine-dependent rats, by microinjection of naloxone in various diencephalic and telencephalic structures. A differential participation of the central amygdala, lateral septum, dorsal hippocampus, medial thalamic nuclei, globus pallidus and caudateputamen has been observed for the following signs: jumping, wet-dog shakes, paw tremor, chewing and diarrhea. Amygdala, medial thalamus and globus pallidus were the most sensitive to local injection of naloxone.
 ...
PMID:Anatomical correlates of morphine-withdrawal syndrome: differential participation of structures located within the limbic system and striatum. 719 1

The suckling-mouse assay was reliable for detecting enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila when standard conditions for growth and toxin testing were used. Enterotoxins were produced by bacteria grown in tryptone soya broth supplemented with yeast extract and aerated by shaking in an environmental incubator or water bath. When culture supernates together with dye were administered intragastrically to mice less than 6 days old, the presence of enterotoxin was assessed on the basis of a scoring system that incorporated the ratio intestinal weight: remaining body weight, and production of diarrhoea. This method should facilitate the detection of enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas in epidemiological studies.
 ...
PMID:Detection of enterotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila by a suckling-mouse test. 731 Aug 44

Two years after a survey of the kidney function in 237 patients given long-term lithium treatment the patients were invited for reexamination. Of 184 patients who came for the reexamination 147 had continued lithium treatment; in 37 patients the treatment had been discontinued. The lithium-treated patients were compared with a group of 68 manic-depressive patients who were about to be given prophylactic lithium treatment but who had not yet started. Neither the patients who continued nor the patients who had discontinued lithium showed any deterioration of glomerular filtration rate as assessed through determination of the 24-h creatinine clearance and the serum creatinine concentration; mean values in the lithium-treated patients were the same as mean values in patients not yet given lithium. Impairment of renal water reabsorption, revealed by increased 24-h urine volume and decreased urine osmolality after DDAVP, had progressed in the patients who continued lithium treatment, and multiple regression analysis revealed the duration of treatment and the serum lithium level to be significant predictor variables. In the patients who had discontinued lithium the changes in renal water handling had decreased. The urine volume was the same as that found in the patients not yet given lithium; maximum urine osmolality had not become fully normalized. Side effects such as thirst, nycturia, tremor, diarrhoea, oedema, and weight gain were found with the same frequency at the second as at the first examination in the patients who had continued lithium. In the patients who had discontinued lithium they were infrequent or absent.
 ...
PMID:Lithium treatment and kidney function. A follow-up study of 237 patients in long-term treatment. 731 82

Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received methyl-G weekly at a starting dose of 600 mg/m2 (five patients) and 500 mg/m2 (nine patients) intravenously. All 14 patients are evaluable for response and toxicity. No antitumor responses were observed. Six patients achieved stabilization of disease for 8 to 42 weeks. Toxicity was nonhematologic and included nausea or vomiting (35%), fever with shaking chills (28%), diarrhea (21%), myalgia (63%), paresthesia (49%), and bilateral foot drop (7%). Methyl-G does not appear to have activity against renal cell carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Phase II trial of methyl-G (methylglyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 731 23

The stability of carbamazepine in four suspending vehicles is reported. Suspensions of carbamazepine 200 mg/5 ml in sorbitol 70%, simple syrup, modified Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Suspending Vehicle (HUP), and diluted HUP (HUP-A) were prepared. The first three suspensions were stored in amber glass bottles and oral syringes at 4, 25, and 37 degrees C, and the HUP-A suspension was stored at 4 degrees C. Physical stability was assessed by visual inspection of sedimentation, ease of pouring, and foaming upon shaking. Carbamazepine concentrations were determined periodically over 90 days by an enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. The assay was validated by acid-heat degradation of the drug, separation of breakdown products by thin-layer chromatography, and confirmation of non-reactivity of the breakdown products with the assay. The concentration of carbamazepine in sorbitol 70%, simple syrup, and HUP-A was at least 90% of the prepared concentration at all sampling times. Although separation occurred, the simple syrup suspensions could be redispersed. The suspension in HUP-A remained homogeneous, was easy to pour, and produced less foam than the HUP suspension. Extemporaneously compounded suspensions of carbamazepine in HUP-A or in simple syrup can be used for patients who require a liquid dosage form. Even though sorbitol 70% produced a pharmaceutically acceptable product, its use is not recommended because it has been reported to cause intractable diarrhea.
 ...
PMID:Stability of extemporaneous suspensions of carbamazepine. 732 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>