Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Acute toxicity: Empenthrin ((RS)-(EZ)-1-ethynyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl (1R)-cis/trans-chrysanthemate) caused some toxic signs such as muscular fibrillation, tremor, hypersensitivity, decrease of spontaneous activity, ataxic gait, lymb paralysis, irregular respiration, excretion of oily substance, loose stool and urinary incontinence in oral acute toxicity studies at 1000 mg/kg and above in rats, and at 2000 mg/kg and above in mice. The oral LD50 value was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (male) and greater than 3500 mg/kg (female) in rats and greater than 3500 mg/kg (both sexes) in mice. In both rats and mice, the toxic signs were not found at 2000 mg/kg by dermal administration. The dermal LD50 value was estimated greater than 2000 mg/kg (both sexes) in both rats and mice. The LC50 value in rats for the acute inhalation toxicity of empenthrin was estimated to be greater than 4610 mg/m3 for both sexes. The LC50 value in mice was determined to be 2700 mg/m3 for male and 2300 mg/m3 for female. Mice showed higher sensitivity to empenthrin than rats. 2. Reproductive and developmental toxicity: Empenthrin was orally administered to fetal organogenesis periods of rats at the dose levels of 50, 150 and 500 mg/kg, and of rabbits at 100, 300 and 1000mg/kg. Maternal toxicity was found at 500 mg/kg in rats and at 300 mg/kg or more in rabbits. There were no teratogenicity, no embryotoxicity and no fetal retardation in rats or rabbits. In addition, there were no adverse effects on F1 pups growth, development or reproductive performance. 3. Subchronic toxicity: Empenthrin was orally administered to male and female SD rats at dose levels of 0 (corn oil), 10, 100 and 300 mg/kg for 26 weeks. Clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption were monitered, and hematological, blood biochemical, ophthalmological and histopathological examination were carried out. As a result, changes related to administration of empenthrin were observed mainly in the liver and kidneys in rats receiving 100 mg/kg or more. Therefore, the no-effect-level of empenthrin is determined to be 10 mg/kg in both sexes of rats in this study.
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PMID:[Mammalian toxicity of empenthrin (Vaporthrin, S-2852F)]. 129 29

A 13-week oral repeated dose toxicity study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T), a new anti-allergic agent, as well as a 5-week recovery study were carried out at dose levels of 0 (control), 50, 150, 450 and 1350 mg/kg/day using male and female beagle dogs. The results were as follows: 1. In general conditions, soft feces and diarrhea with specific smell were dose-dependently observed in males and females given 450 mg/kg/day or more. Both sexes given 1350 mg/kg/day, revealed reeling with dropped head, abnormal gait, dysstasia, lying at lateral or prone position, sedation, and tremor, and one male and one female in this group died after showing respiratory depression, collapse and cyanosis. 2. There were no significant or remarkable changes in body weight, food consumption, water consumption, ophthalmology, electrocardiogram, urinalysis, hematology, biochemistry, fecal occult blood test, and absolute and relative organ weights. 3. Pathological examination in dead animals revealed hemorrhagic change in the heart and slight vacuolar changes in hepatocytes. In survived animals, there were no pathological changes attributable to the IPD-1151T. 4. In electron microscopic examination, there were no abnormalities in the liver and kidney attributable to the IPD-1151T. 5. After 5-week recovery period, above-mentioned changes disappeared. 6. From the above results, the non-effective dose level and the toxic dose level were estimated to be 150 mg/kg/day and 1350 mg/kg/day, respectively, and no sex differences were found.
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PMID:[A thirteen-week oral repeated dose toxicity study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) in dogs]. 132 Dec 64

A newly developed broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, levofloxacin (LVFX, DR-3355), was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in comparison with ciprofloxacin (CPFX), ofloxacin (OFLX) and norfloxacin (NFLX). The results were as follows. 1. Antimicrobial activity Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against 480 clinical isolates including 16 different species were determined using the microbroth dilution method. LVFX showed excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The MIC values of LVFX for Gram-positive bacteria were superior to those of the other quinolones tested. The MIC values of LVFX for Gram-negative bacteria were comparable to those of CPFX and superior to those of OFLX and NFLX. 2. LVFX concentrations in serum and sputum LVFX was orally administered in a single dose of 200 mg to 2 patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infections, and its concentrations in serum and sputum were measured at intervals using bioassay. The peak concentrations of LVFX in serum were 1.52 and 1.24 micrograms/ml, and 84-95% of serum level were detected in sputum. From these data, it appeared that LVFX penetrate well into the lung. 3. Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions Fifteen patients with respiratory tract infections were treated with LVFX, and the overall efficacy rate was 78.6% (excellent in 3 cases, good in 8, fair in 3, poor in 0). As adverse reactions, anorexia was observed in 2 cases, diarrhea in 1 case and tremor of finger in 1 case. Although an elevation of total bilirubin in serum was observed in a case as an abnormal laboratory finding, it was mild, transient and improved rapidly after the completion of LVFX treatment.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on levofloxacin]. 151 41

We have investigated the effects of the local administration into the periaqueductal gray matter of thiorphan, a selective inhibitor of endopeptidase 24.11 "enkephalinase", kelatorphan, (R)-3-(N-hydroxy-carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl)- L-alanine, and RB 38 A, (R)-3-(N-hydroxy-carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl)-L-phenylalanine, two almost complete inhibitors of enkephalin metabolism, on the naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. Local administration of these inhibitors decreased the severity of the withdrawal syndrome. Jumping, chewing, diarrhea, piloerection, salivation and hypothermia were decreased by all drugs. Lacrimation and weight loss were reduced by kelatorphan and RB 38 A whereas teeth chattering, tremor, eye twitch and rhinorrhea were decreased only by RB 38 A. The rise in plasma corticosterone levels was only slightly reduced by the three inhibitors. Wet dog shakes and ptosis remained unchanged. These results indicate that during the morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats there is a tonic or/and naloxone evoked release of opioid peptides, presumably enkephalins, into the periaqueductal gray matter and that inhibition of their degradation strongly decreases the severity of the withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Attenuation of the morphine withdrawal syndrome by inhibition of catabolism of endogenous enkephalins in the periaqueductal gray matter. 162 Feb 46

It is the first report of an outbreak of 114 food-poisoning cases due to consumption of Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. Gastralgia, diarrhea, dizziness and general malaise are chief symptoms of the poisoning, with incubation period of 2-6 hrs generally and a short disease period (generally recovered within 2-3 days). No enteropathogenic organism, pathogenic coccus and Campylobacter jejuni were detected. Surface fungi counts were 49,000/g, 21.3 times of that discovered in the marketed dried persimmon. Penicillium cyclopium Westling was the dominant fungus isolated. Mouse toxicity tests were carried out with the crude extracts of the fungus culture. Diarrhea, tremor and convulsion were observed before death. During autopsy, necrosis and hemorrhagic foci were observed in G.I. tract after intra-peritoneal injection and intubation. In histo-pathological examination, different degree of necrosis and scaling of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, lymphocyte infiltration, and necrosis of liver cells and renal tubule epithelial cells could be seen.
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PMID:An outbreak of poisoning from Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. 164 84

Fluoxetine is a highly specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In studies that used a dose of 60 mg once daily, fluoxetine-treated patients consistently had greater weight loss than placebo-treated patients. In six double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of 6-8 wk duration, mean weight changes on fluoxetine were approximately 0.5 kg/wk. Longer term studies have shown maximum mean weight loss to occur at 12-20 wk of therapy. Studies have consistently shown improvements in indices of glycemic control as well as weight loss in obese diabetic patients. Safety analysis has been performed on data from 3491 obese patients in controlled clinical trials of up to 52 wk duration. Adverse events with an incidence of greater than 5%, which were reported significantly more frequently by fluoxetine-treated patients, were headache, asthenia, nausea, diarrhea, somnolence, insomnia, nervousness, sweating, and tremor. Fluoxetine is effective, well tolerated, and safe in the treatment of obesity and obese diabetics.
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PMID:Clinical studies with fluoxetine in obesity. 172 31

The effects of a 14-day (gestation days 7-20) chronic methadone (6.3-9.0 mg/kg/day) infusion via osmotic minipumps were studied on the induction of physical dependence in both pregnant and nonpregnant female rats. Following continued methadone exposure, an acute injection of naloxone (2.0 mg/kg, SC) produced the following symptoms of withdrawal in both pregnant and nonpregnant methadone-exposed rats: increased frequency of head shakes, teeth-chattering and face-rubbing episodes, as well as the induction of burrowing, diarrhea, facial tremor, squeaking and vaginal sniffing. Increased fetal movement in the maternal abdomen was also observed in the pregnant rats. In the saline-exposed pregnant controls, naloxone failed to induce a significant effect. In addition, brain and plasma methadone levels during the various stages of pregnancy (gestation days 8-20) were determined. The methadone levels in plasma were initially variable (gestation days 8-12) but became more constant (approximately 50 ng/ml) from gestation day 14 to 20. Methadone brain levels also followed a similar pattern, except that the brain methadone content was at least 20-fold greater than plasma concentrations at any given time. Thus, relative to the high brain levels, the present data suggest that acute changes in methadone plasma concentration may not be a good index of pharmacological effect.
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PMID:Demonstration of physical dependence following chronic continuous methadone delivery via osmotic minipumps in pregnant rats. 177 50

A groupe of 52 patients in long-term lithium treatment were questioned about side effects. The K. Ghose questionnaire was used which contained 36 items. The most frequent complaints were hand-tremor, dry mouth, poor memory, polyuria, diarrhoea, weight gain. We hypothesize that apart from symptoms clearly demonstrated to be caused by lithium treatment (polyuria, hand-tremor, weight gain diarrhoea). Other complaints such as dry mouth, poor memory or skin eruptions occur frequently and they are also related to lithium.
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PMID:[Secondary effects of lithium. Their evaluation]. 185 23

A new technique, checkerboard immunoblotting (CBIB), has been applied to detect and to differentiate heat-labile enterotoxins, (LTs), from enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli of human origin using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Optimal conditions of production and release of LTs were defined using CBIB. LT release was enhanced when E. coli cells were treated with 8 M urea. LT production was highest when E. coli strains were incubated with shaking (200 rpm) at 37 degrees C for 12 h in CAYE-2 medium. Two hundred and five strains of E. coli, isolated from patients with diarrhea in Japan, Thailand, the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, were examined for LT. Of 133 LT-positive strains, 4 (3%) produced an LT that reacted like H-LT-1 (originally isolated from E. coli strain H-74-114) while 126 strains (94.7%) produced LT that reacted like H-LT-2 (originally isolated from strain H-10407) or H-LT-3 (from strain H-240-3). Three strains of human origin (2.3%) produced an LT that reacted like P-LT (produced by E. coli strains of porcine origin). This study shows that CBIB, a simple, efficient, and practical assay, might be useful for epidemiologic surveys and for evaluation of serologic responses to LTs and antitoxic vaccines.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of immunotypes of heat-labile enterotoxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of human origin. 189 39

1. Doses of buprenorphine (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg) were administered to determine buprenorphine's ability to precipitate abstinence symptoms in morphine-dependent mice. 2. When buprenorphine was administered in the fourth day of morphine addiction, the results demonstrate that the administration of the partial agonist opioid produce a bell-shaped dose-response curve. 3. The highest dose (50 mg/kg) was partially inactive while lower doses causing similar percentage than group treated with naloxone with respect to the appearance of the most of the symptoms of abstinence studied (diarrhoea, tremor, shaking-"wet dog shakes"-, jumping and weight loss). 4. Our findings demonstrate the bell-shaped response curve of the antagonist effects of buprenorphine.
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PMID:Buprenorphine: bell-shaped dose-response curve for its antagonist effects. 205 24


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