Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 56-year-old woman had a 50-year history of childhood-onset chorea without progressive neurologic deficit. The patient's father had a lifelong extrapyramidal disorder characterized by a head-nodding tremor and involuntary movements especially evident with anxiety. The computerized tomographic scan was normal, without evidence of cortical or caudate atrophy. The computerized tomographic scan supports the notion of a functional rather than a structural lesion, and may aid in the discrimination of hereditary nonprogressive chorea from more devastating forms of hereditary chorea.
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PMID:Computerized tomography in hereditary nonprogressive chorea. 15 81

The therapeutic action of Tiapridal appeared to the authors particularly precious and constant in delirium tremens, senile agitation and turbulence, whatever the origin, and bucco-linguo-facial dyskinesia, whether the latter were linked to age or whether they formed part of a neuroleptic syndrome. Their experience does not permit them to have any opinion concerning the use of this drug in tremor and chorea, the patients seem to respond favourably to treatment but in an erratic manner. On the other hand the drug was totally inefficacious in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis and writer's cramp. Finally, it seemed to them useful to emphasise the improvement in comfort in patients suffering from various pains when given Tiapridal. This justifies the place given to Tiapridal among drugs necessary for the daily practice of neurology.
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PMID:[A new therapeutical approach in neurology (author's transl)]. 21 5

This review considers the evidence for possible involvement of central nervous system pacemaker neurons in several clinical disorders of movement. Two basic types of tremor are discussed from this point of view, i.e., 4--7/sec parkinsonian tremor, of possible thalamocortical origin, and 7--11/sec essential tremor of possible olivo-cerebellar origin. The importance of motor programs and abnormalities in their utilization are considered with reference to the loss of motor function in parkinsonism (? loss of motor programs), and the inappropriate release of such programs as a possible basis for the involuntary movements seen in other movement disorders, such as chorea, athetosis, dystonia, and hemiballismus. The possible role of pacemaker neurons controlling such programs is considered. Finally, the subject of locomotion and the pacemaker model of the spinal locomotor pattern generator for stepping are considered in relation to clinical disorders of gait. While critical evidence is lacking for pacemaker inovlvement in any of these disorders, their possible role is emphasized.
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PMID:Possible involvement of central pacemakers in clinical disorders of movement. 35 Jun 32

Abnormal head movements have been studied in a variety of diseases using objective recording techniques and the data analysed with respect to the frequency content of the movement. Flopping, nodding, tic, chorea, myoclonic jerks, and most head tremors involve frequencies of approximately 2 and 4 Hz which correspond to the natural fundamental and second harmonic resonances of the head as determined by the mechanical properties of the head/neck system. These findings provide a basis for classification of abnormal head movements as well as an explanation of the characteristics of those arising from hypotonia of the neck muscles. The similarities between tremor frequencies and natural resonances suggest that in the case of the head, tremor arises from disorders of neural mechanisms normally responsible for the fine control of voluntary head movement and for stabilisation of the head during disturbance of posture. Head movements in cases of congenital nystagmus were found to be of two types. Some were of bizarre waveform, in no way assisted vision, and were taken to be of primarily pathological origin and classified as tremors. Others were learned adaptive responses which assisted vision either by interrupting the nystagmus, as in the case of spasmus nutans, or by compensating for the nystagmus with an inverse waveform and were called nodding. A prerequisite for true compensatory nodding is modified vestibulo-ocular reflex.
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PMID:Abnormal head movements. 49 Jan 76

A variety of hyperkinetic movement disorders has been associated with the use of neuroleptics (dopamine receptor blocking drugs), but tardive tremor has not been previously documented. We describe five patients in whom tremor occurred after chronic treatment with neuroleptics, was aggravated by and persisted after neuroleptic withdrawal, and improved after treatment with the dopamine depleting drug tetrabenazine. This involuntary oscillatory movement, with a frequency range of 3-5 Hz, was most prominent during maintenance of a posture, but was also present at rest and during a goal-directed movement. The tremor was accompanied by other tardive movement disorders, including akathisia, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, and stereotypy. There was no family history or other explanation for tremor in these patients. We suggest that this hitherto unreported movement disorder is best termed "tardive tremor."
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PMID:Tardive tremor. 134 52

In a series of 225 patients with astrocytomas (grades I-IV) of the basal ganglia and the thalamus, 20 had a movement disorder. In all patients the histological diagnosis was verified by stereotactic biopsy. Tremor was observed in twelve patients, dystonia in eight, chorea in three, and chorea/ballismus and myoclonus in one. The tumour involved the thalamus in 16 patients. Corticospinal tract dysfunction was evident in 70% of the patients with movement disorders and in 73% of those without. Demographic, clinical, histological and neuroradiological data of the patients with a movement disorder were compared with the data of patients without. CT data yielded no differences with respect to the involvement of anatomical structures. Movement disorders were significantly associated with low-grade astrocytomas.
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PMID:Movement disorders in astrocytomas of the basal ganglia and the thalamus. 2264 3

Peak dose dyskinesia is a major problem in the treatment of parkinsonian patients with levodopa and yet this remains the best pharmacological agent for treating the condition. The hypothesis which this research set out to test was that thalamotomy in the area of the thalamus which receives the input from the medial segment of the globus pallidus would decrease or prevent the dyskinesia. A well established primate model of parkinsonism was used. Eight monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were rendered parkinsonian with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Regular dosing with levodopa or apomorphine reliably resulted in peak dose dyskinesia. Thalamotomy was carried out using a radiofrequency electrode. To ensure that the appropriate area of the thalamus was targeted, that is the area receiving the pallidal input, an anatomical tracing study was carried out. The anterograde anatomical tracer horseradish peroxidase, covalently bound to wheatgerm agglutinin, was injected into the medial segment of the globus pallidus bilaterally in three monkeys. The target site for thalamotomy was accurately worked out from the tracings obtained. Chorea was usually abolished and always reduced by a thalamotomy in the pallidal terminal territory. This result was obtained after 10 thalamotomies: 4 animals receiving bilateral lesions, with an interval between operations, and 2 animals undergoing unilateral surgery. Lesions in three control sites were carried out and had no permanent effect on chorea. The effect of lesions in other areas was also assessed. Dystonia was not relieved by any thalamic lesion. Thalamotomy is a long established procedure used to help parkinsonian tremor. Appropriately placed thalamotomy should be considered for the relief of disabling peak dose dyskinesia, which is predominantly choreic, in parkinsonian patients on otherwise successful levodopa therapy.
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PMID:The use of thalamotomy in the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. 158 Jan 97

We report a mother and son with a deletion at 18q22.3. Both have the typical manifestations of the 18q- syndrome. In addition, both have an action tremor which became apparent in childhood. The mother subsequently developed chorea and dysmetria in late adolescence. Magnetic resonance imaging of their brains showed poor myelination of the central white matter tracts with relatively normal myelination of the corpus callosum. We propose that these neurologic findings are most likely due to a failure of expression of the myelin basic protein gene.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations in 18q- syndrome. 170 Jun 7

To assess the need for a regional expertise in movement disorders, the numbers of patients, clinic visits, and medication changes for a new movement disorder clinic were recorded. During 3 1/2 years, 355 patients were seen, with 1,329 clinic visits. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease was the most common diagnosis, comprising 36% of the population, followed by dystonia (17%), tremor (12%), parkinsonism (i.e., Parkinson's plus syndromes, drug-induced parkinsonism, etc.) (10%), chorea (10%), Tourette's syndrome (6.5%), and tardive dyskinesia (3.4%). Distribution of follow-up visits was similar, with Parkinson's disease (52%) being most frequent and Tourette's syndrome (3.1%) least frequent. The relative utilization of medical care by each patient group was assessed by determining the number of medication changes and the number of clinic visits per follow-up year. No differences in these measures were found using a one-way analysis of variance. Of the Parkinson's disease patients, 67% had Hoehn and Yahr stages III-IV and 77% of the clinic visits were made by this subgroup. When considered in light of the prevalence of each of the diseases, these data show a need for an expertise in movement disorders for a population base of the size we have served.
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PMID:Profile of patients enrolled in a new movement disorder clinic. 175 52

Drug-induced and tardive movement disorders represent a large number of extrapyramidal disorders seen in neurologic practice. Iatrogenically induced, most commonly by neuroleptics, these disorders can be characterized by any abnormal body movement including tremor, chorea, athetosis, dyskinesias, dystonia, myoclonus, tics, ballismus or akathisia. Parkinsonism, dyskinesias and dystonia tend to be the most common. Management of patients with drug-induced or tardive syndromes is complex. Prognosis is frequently poor as patients usually need the offending agent to manage their underlying psychiatric or medical problem. Neuroleptics and other drugs known commonly to cause movement disorders should be used cautiously and significant consideration of all risks and benefits measured before initiating therapy.
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PMID:Drug-induced and tardive movement disorders. 183 84


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