Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desired and undesired effects of relapse-preventive lithium treatment given routinely to manic-melancholic patients who had accepted the necessity of a strict tablet regime. The evaluation was based upon case record data and various rating scales, and 76 patients took part in the investigation. Our results showed that in 24% of the patients treatment was discontinued. This was due to side effects in 16% and to insufficient effect in 8% of the cases. The suicide risk was not eliminated, and 29% of the patients were receiving additional antidepressive or antimanic treatment at the test day. On the other hand, 78% of the patients rated the relapse-preventive lithium effect as moderate to excellent. Indirect evidence was obtained in support of a stabilizing effect of lithium on the emotional control in bipolar patients. The most frequent complaints during lithium treatment were tremor and increased thirst.
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PMID:Lithium maintenance treatment of manic-melancholic patients: its role in the daily routine. 125 57

Forty-five patients with Wilson's disease (WD) were prospectively studied: 27 had neurological deficits, 12 hepatic signs, and 6 were asymptomatic. Kayser-Fleischer rings occurred in 23 of the neurological patients and in only 4 of the hepatic patients. Neurological features were extremely variable with respect to frequency and severity. Most frequent were dysdiadochokinesis (25 patients), dysarthria (23), bradykinesia (17), and posture tremor (14). Fifteen, mainly long-term treated patients, presented with rather discrete neurological abnormalities which predominantly consisted of dysarthria and various forms of tremor. Eight patients had a parkinsonian type of neurological WD associated with signs of an organic mood syndrome. Three patients were predominantly hyperkinetic, presenting with dystonic and choreatic movements. In 1 patient, ataxia was the predominant neurological feature. There was a clear-cut correlation between the severity of neurological impairment and the restriction in functional capacity. Nine patients were not able to engage in salaried employment or were retired. Psychiatric symptoms and behavioural disorders were common, varying from mild personality and psychological disturbances to severe psychiatric illness resembling psychotic disorders and major depressive syndromes. Significant mental deterioration was not found in the patients. Disturbances of mood were observed in 12 patients, all of whom had neurological abnormalities. There was a history of an attempted suicide in 7 patients, and a history of an organic delusional syndrome in 3.
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PMID:Neurological and neuropsychiatric spectrum of Wilson's disease: a prospective study of 45 cases. 191 12

Safety aspects were compared in 2203 patients given moclobemide and 1214 who received other antidepressants or placebo. A total of 2294 adverse events were reported by patients on moclobemide, mainly subjective symptoms (28.6%). Adverse events such as dry mouth, tremor, sweating, dizziness and constipation occurred much more frequently among 681 patients treated with various tricyclic antidepressants than in the 694 moclobemide patients with whom they were compared. Among 271 placebo-treated patients there were 287 adverse events, compared with 386 events in the 285 moclobemide patients in the same studies. Hypertensive episodes or food-drug interactions were reported by 19 patients on moclobemide and 5 on other antidepressants, but in only 2 of the former was ingestion of cheese a possible cause of headache. The assessment of tolerance on moclobemide was essentially the same as for placebo. Of the 1401 moclobemide patients in the electronic database, only 3.2% stopped treatment prematurely because of poor tolerance; the rates were higher for tranylcypromine, nomifensine, desipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline and imipramine. During treatment, 6 patients attempted suicide with moclobemide alone (950-2000 mg) or together with imipramine (300 mg and 1200 mg). None of the intoxications was life-threatening.
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PMID:Moclobemide (Ro 11-1163) safety in depressed patients. 224 78

Sixty-four outpatients with major affective disorder according to DSM-III and on continuous lithium treatment for an average duration of 7.8 years were first investigated in 1980 and then followed for 7 years. The predictive value of patients' attitudes to their lithium, the prognostic influence of psychiatric status, side effects, and anamnestic and laboratory data including lithium parameters were studied. At the end of the 7-year follow-up, 61% of the patients were still on lithium maintenance treatment, 25% had discontinued lithium for clinical reasons, and 14% of the patients had died. Side effects of lithium were the major clinical reason for discontinuing treatment, while attitudes towards medication were of minor importance. Approximately one fourth of the patients who discontinued lithium were differentiated from those who continued treatment by showing a high frequency of the neurologic side effects incoordination, paresthesia, and disturbed sensibility in addition to having more severe tremor. In yet another fourth of those who discontinued for clinical reasons, lithium was stopped by the treating psychiatrist as maximal urine osmolality values were considered to be too low. These patients did not show any signs of clinically significant impairment of renal functions. Their psychiatric status was excellent in terms of extremely low CPRS scores. The patients who died during the follow-up period were differentiated from those who continued treatment by a much higher frequency of alcohol and drug abuse prior to the initiation of lithium therapy. The total number of side effects and the number of severe side effects were significantly larger than in continuers on lithium. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease and suicide. In no case was the cause of death attributed to lithium therapy.
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PMID:Factors associated with discontinuation of long-term lithium treatment. 251 Apr 58

Forty-seven railroad workers who were exposed to polychlorinated phenols, including dioxin (TCDD), during 1979 while cleaning up the chemical spillage following damage to a tank car filled with these chemicals were followed medically for the subsequent 6 years. Two committed suicide. The initial neurological complaints included a sense of fatigue and muscle aching, both of which have been reported in other individuals following dioxin exposure. On detailed neurological examination in December, 1985, 24 of 45 had dystonic writer's cramp and/or other action dystonias of the hands. None of the involved individuals had a family history of dystonia, and all 24 dated the onset of the dystonia to the first 2 to 3 years subsequent to their toxic exposure. The dystonias varied in severity but were usually mild. No other types of dystonic involvement were recognized. Thirty-five of the 45 individuals also manifested postural and terminal intention tremor which resembled benign essential tremor. None of the involved individuals had a family history of tremor, and all 35 of those affected dated the onset of the tremor to some time subsequent to their toxic exposure. Forty-three of 45 patients had histories and findings suggestive of peripheral neuropathy. This is the first report relating any type of dystonia to prior dioxin exposure and the first report relating action dystonia, such as dystonic writer's cramp, and postural/terminal intention tremor, to toxic exposure of any type.
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PMID:Dystonia and tremor following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 284 55

Panic disorder is a chronic illness that affects at least 3 percent of the population. Panic disorder is associated with significant morbidity and an increased risk of suicide. Patients generally present with multiple somatic and psychologic complaints, including heart palpitations, chest pain, tremor, shortness of breath, choking, nausea or abdominal distress, dizziness, derealization, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, chills or hot flushes, headache, diarrhea, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and depression. To make the correct diagnosis, these symptoms must be evaluated carefully since they also occur with serious cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrinologic and neurologic disorders. Many effective treatments are available, including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and clonazepam, and psychotherapy.
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PMID:Panic disorder. 748 99

A 45-year-old man attempted to commit suicide by ingesting a large amount of barium. In some hours, he experienced generalized muscle weakness with hypokalaemia, treated by large dose of potassium (440 mmol in the first day). This weakness resulted in difficulties in swallowing and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. An anuric renal insufficiency started early, requiring haemodialysis for three weeks. It was induced probably by renal toxicity of barium and recovered completely. Later, the patient experienced an extrapyramidal syndrome initiated by tremor and myoclonia. Hypertonia induced a parkinsonian rheumatism, fixing the two hands in an irreducible position. There was also a contracture of superior sphincter of oesophagus, with severe disturbance of deglutition, ending after three months only. MRI study showed a bilateral hypersignal in basal ganglia and thalamus. It remains unknown whether this neurological syndrome was toxic or ischaemic. This patient remained under mechanical ventilation for three months because of disturbances of deglutition. He was discharged to his home at the 6th month. One year later he was still adynamic, but able to carry our rather precise movements.
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PMID:[Voluntary barium poisoning]. 831 59

The formation of the hand during embryogenesis, the peeling of sunburned skin and the tremor associated with Parkinson's disease all result from a common process: cell death. Cell death occurs throughout the life span of the organism and represents the ultimate differentiative decision made by cells. Insight into the process of cell death will not only contribute to our understanding of basic developmental issues, but will also facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions that could alter the course of disease. Since all cells have the genetic machinery required to commit suicide, the ability to initiate it in a lineage-specific, non-inflammatory manner would allow for the irradication of specific cancers. Alternatively, inhibition of cell death pathways could rescue valuable but condemned cells, such as HIV infected CD4+ T cells or dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. The goal of this chapter is to provide both an overview of the basic principles that govern the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating cell death, as well as serve as a reference of known examples of PCD and the genes that mediate this process.
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PMID:Programmed cell death during animal development. 937 38

Organophosphate poisonings are not uncommon, and are the leading cause of death in suicide patients in Taiwan. Acute cholinergic crisis caused by the inhibition of synaptic acetylcholinesterase is the major manifestation of organophosphate poisoning and may cause death within minutes. Delayed neurotoxicities include intermediate syndrome and delayed polyneuropathy have also been described. However, these symptoms may not characterize the complete picture of organophosphate poisoning. Among the 633 patients ever admitted to our hospital with organophosphate poisoning, three patients were found exhibiting impermanent neuromuscular dysfunction, including blepharoclonus, oculogyric crisis, intermittent dystonia, rigidity, and tremor, with two of them developing mask face, dyskinesia and akathisia later, following acute cholinergic crisis. The symptoms appeared within 4 days with the duration ranging from 25 days to 2 months. Other causes of the extrapyramidal syndrome noted on these patients have been excluded, and we consider the extrapyramidal syndrome a possible neurotoxic manifestation of organophosphate poisoning, which is transient, needs no treatment, and may be missed because of the critical condition, in a minority of patients. The mechanism remains to be identified, but may be related to the impediment of the function of acetylcholinesterase to modify nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, which is independent of hydrolyzing acetylcholine. More detailed observation for organophosphate poisoned patients and more studies for the biological functions of acetylcholinesterase including the influence on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are needed.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the extrapyramidal syndrome: a review of the neurotoxicity of organophosphate. 1157

Two hundred and ten military soldiers of the Fifth Regiment of the Eighth Division of the Japan Imperial Army joined a marching practice in the end of January, 1902, but 193 soldiers out of 210 died due to severe frost-bite during stormy weather and only seventeen, including Major Yamaguchi, were rescued to survive and brought to the Veteran's Administration Hospital at Aomori. This accident was most tragic and world-shaking for the Japanese people as well as for the Japanese Imperial Army. In December of 1991, an admission record of the Veteran's Administration Hospital at Aomori was found in the residence of Dr. Murakami of Aomori City. Judging from its handwriting, this record was written by a military physician Ki-ichi Murakami, Dr. Murakami's uncle. The record describes the details of seventeen patients, most of whom were severely injured and frost-bitten during the winter march. The content of this newly discovered record is similar to the report written by the military physicians of the Fifth Regiment which appeared in the Japan Imperial Military Medical Journal, but a more detailed description about Major Yamaguchi's vital signs, and symptoms of his frost-bite were found in the former. In the journal, Major Yamaguchi was reported to have died because of sudden cardiac arrest but Jiro Nitta described in his novel "Death March on Mount Hakkoda" that he committed suicide using his gun. However, this record strongly tells us that both of his hands, as well as both lower extremities, were severely frost-bitten and swollen and that he could not pull the trigger of his gun with his fingers. Since Jiro Nitta's novel has been published, it is widely accepted that Major Yamaguchi committed suicide with his gun. But we do not have any definite proof to substantiate his suicide. The present detailed survey on the medical references strongly suggests that he could not have pulled his gun's trigger by himself.
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PMID:[Medical aspect of the winter march of the Fifth Regiment of the Eighth Military Division in the winter of 1902 - particularly concerning the cause of Major Yamaguchi's death]. 1163 65


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