Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The stability of oxyhemoglobin S during mechanical shaking was enhanced by the addition of human serum albumin. The stabilizing effect was maximum when the concentration of serum albumin approached that of oxyhemoglobin, suggesting a molecular level interaction between them. The effects of serum albumin on oxyhemoglobin A were essentially similar to those on oxyhemoglobin S. Deoxy- and methemoglobins were also stabilized by serum albumin. The addition of human serum albumin to a solution containing sickle cell oxyhemoglobin slowly formed a compound which had an absorbance peak at 620 nm. After purification by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, this compound was identified as methemalbumin. Comparison of the rates of formation of methemalbumin from hemoglobin with various ligand states and human serum albumin showed that the rate of formation from hemichrome was much faster than from met-, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. About 60% of the heme was transferred from hemichrome to albumin when the mixture was kept standing at room temperature for 5 min, in contrast to only 5% from methemoglobin. This result suggests that hemichrome, rather than methemoglobin, is the intermediate in the formation of methemalbumin from oxyhemoglobin and human serum albumin. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that the rate of formation of methemalbumin was faster at alkaline pH values than at acid pH values. Serum albumin from various animal sources showed different stabilizing effects. The formation of methemalbumin from these animal albumins was far less than that from human albumin.
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PMID:Interaction of serum albumin with normal and sickle hemoglobins. 0 29

A very simple, rapid and reproducible method has been developed for studying the interaction of lectins with the cell surface. This involves determining the number of adherent cells after shaking cell suspensions in Petri dishes which have had a lectin coupled to their surface using 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate. Using concanavalin A coupled to 60 mm diameter dishes and between 1.5 and 2 x 10(6) tumour cells, this adhesion reached a maximum after 10 min shaking. Maximum cell adhesion also varied according to the particular lectin used. Adhesion was absent or was very low if cells were shaken in untreated dishes, or in dishes coupled to bovine serum albumin, or in the presence of the lectin-specific sugar-competitor. Under conditions of maximum cell adhesion, the binding of two different lymphosarcoma lines to four different lectins was very similar, whereas the binding of a carcinoma line to these lectins was completely different from that observed for the lymphosarcomas.
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PMID:A simple lectin-mediated cell-adhesion method for investigating the cell surface. 58 40

1 A method for the production of highly substituted prostaglandin-bovine serum albumin conjugates has been developed. 2 Antisera to prostaglandins B2 and F2alpha were raised in rabbits immunized with prostaglandin-bovine serum albumin conjugates. 3 The antisera were assessed for specificity and sensitivity by the double antibody radioimmunoassay method and after they were covalently linked to powdered cellulose to form a 'solid-phase' system. 4 Solid phase radioimmunoassays were developed using conventional shaking and in the presence of sucrose which obviates the need for continuous mixing of the incubates.
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PMID:The development of antisera to prostaglandins B2 and F2alpha and their analysis using solid-phase and double antibody radioimmunoassay methods. 121 61

Gamma interferon from genetic recombination (IFN) has been found to have an optimal pH at about 7. An increase in IFN concentration may cause a decrease in solution clarity. A proper selection of isotonizing agent, as well as the addition of sugars, is effective in improving the clarity. The amount of IFN adsorbed on filter membranes varies with the membrane materials: cellulose acetate adsorbs much IFN, 2-fluorovinylidene is the next, followed by polysulfon, and polycarbonate adsorbs it least of all materials tested. Stainless steel adsorbs little IFN, and the level can be lowered even more by electropolishing. Silicone coating can decrease the amount adsorbed to about 1 microgram per vial of 10 ml. The effect of pressure given to the IFN solution during filtration is negligible. Transfer of IFN solution through pipings of conventional shape may result in partial deactivation by bubbling. At around pH 7, a lower pH of IFN solution causes a higher moisture level of the freeze-dried product. Moisture levels up to 3% have no effect on IFN stability. Upon reconstitution of freeze-dried IFN by vigorous shaking with distilled water, filtration of the solution may become difficult because polymers might have been formed during vigorous shaking. The addition of L-cysteine, maltose, and human serum albumin, has been found to be as effective in preventing such unfavorable reactions. Fatty acids in human serum albumin, which is effective in stabilizing IFN, has been found to participate in preventing denaturation of human serum albumin upon freezing and freeze-drying; however, the denaturation prevention mechanisms are not clear yet.
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PMID:Freeze-drying and quality evaluation of protein drugs. 159 81

A 58-year-old male liver cirrhosis patient, who had a history of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy, was admitted to our hospital because of clouding of consciousness. He had an episode of recent head trauma. On admission, he was drowsy and exhibited flapping tremor, fetor hepaticus and ascites. Laboratory data showed an increase in blood ammonia level, and a decrease in peripheral thrombocytes, serum albumin and prothrombin value. A ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids was reduced. Antibody against hepatitis C virus was positive. His electroencephalogram showed bilaterally large synchronous slow waves. He was treated with intravenous branched-chain amino acids, and recovered. Cranial computed tomography on day 9 demonstrated a crescent shaped area of low density in the right frontotempoparietal subdural region. He was diagnosed as chronic subdural hematoma, which was treated surgically. It has been suggested that chronic subdural hematomas develop as a complication of hemostatic deficiency due to liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[A case of liver cirrhosis associated with chronic subdural hematoma and hepatic encephalopathy]. 174 68

The effect of cyclosporin A in acute and chronically active inflammatory bowel disease was tested in 11 patients with Crohn's disease and two with ulcerative colitis who had exhibited a poor response to at least eight weeks of conventional therapy. Trough levels of the drug in the therapeutic range were obtained in 12 of 13 patients. Cyclosporin A, which was usually added to the continued previous medication, including corticosteroids (11 of 13) or metronidazol (1 of 13), prompted an apparent clinical improvement in all but one patient. In six of the nine Crohn's disease patients with an initial Best index of greater than 150, a definite fall by at least 100 points was observed after 2-10 weeks of treatment, but the van Hees index declined only in two patients. All four patients with chronic perineal fistulation experienced symptomatic relief. Both patients with ulcerative colitis had a clinical remission. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate or serum albumin improved in eight of 13 patients. However, two of the nine responders with Crohn's disease relapsed during cyclosporin A therapy and three immediately after the medication was discontinued. Common side effects included hypertrichosis, tremor, and hyperesthesia; hypertension and epigastric pain each occurred only in one patient.
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PMID:Cyclosporin A treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. 276 6

1. Culture conditions for the production of rhizopuspepsin in liquid medium by Rhizopus chinensis have been investigated. 2. Optimum production was achieved in 24 hr shaking culture in 1% bovine serum albumin, 1% corn starch, 0.1% yeast extract and a salt mixture, pH 5. 3. Levels at 24 hr compared in isozyme pattern and in quantity to conventional solid culture on wheat bran.
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PMID:Liquid culture of Rhizopus chinensis for the production of acid protease rhizopuspepsin. 675 93

The syndrome of hypomagnesemia in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is well known. To determine particular high-risk groups for the development of this syndrome, 26 consecutive patients on TPN were initially evaluated for serum magnesium (Mg) and followed at regular intervals. Seventeen had a diagnosis of solid tumor or hematologic malignancy (CA); nine had inflammatory bowel disease and/or small bowel fistulae (ID). All met the standard criteria for being malnourished--anergy, low serum albumin, and recent weight loss. During TPN, all patients received an average of 24 mEq of magnesium sulfate per day, and all had satisfactory anabolic response in terms of weight gain and increase in serum albumin. Ten patients had at least one magnesium determination below the lower limits of normal, and four of these developed symptoms of tremor which responded to increased amounts of magnesium in their TPN. Eight of these ten (80%) had a diagnosis of CA, and four of four (100%) of those requiring additional magnesium to alleviate symptoms had CA. None of the patients with ID developed symptomatic hypomagnesemia. We conclude that patients with solid tumor malignancy are more likely to develop hypomagnesemia, possibly because of the increased requirements for magnesium in lymphocytolysis of tumor cells., and they must be carefully monitored to prevent this complication.
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PMID:Hypomagnesemia: higher risk using total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of patients with malignancies. 676 97

Reactions to human serum albumin (HSA) in therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are rare. Nevertheless, older literature describes possible adverse effects, including specific immune responses to albumin or other proteins, and reactions due to contaminating organisms or pyrogen. During an eight day period three patients in our unit had unusual reactions after infusion of 1.5-2 L of HSA. Patient 1 had trembling that persisted for 20 min. Patient 2 had shaking for 40 min despite calcium gluconate infusion, and fever to 100.8 degrees F. Patient 3 had severe rigors that subsided after 90 min when meperidine was finally given, and fever to 103.5 degrees F. Record reviews revealed that all three patients had received HSA from the same lot, and that only one other TPE patient had received HSA from that lot. Neither our pharmacy nor the manufacturer was aware of other reactions associated with that lot. Material from a bottle only partially infused to patient 3 was negative in culture and was negative for pyrogen when retested by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, because patients 1 and 2 had each had multiple previous uneventful TPEs and because all three patients tolerated subsequent TPEs without incident when another brand of HSA was used, we conclude that these patients had pyrogen reactions to the implicated HSA lot. This experience illustrates the value of cluster recognition in arousing suspicion of unusual reactions to HSA and the value of recorded lot numbers in pursuing such suspicions. Apheresis personnel should be aware of the potential for pyrogen reactions with HSA and should record lot numbers of all fluids infused during TPE.
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PMID:Pyrogen reactions to human serum albumin during plasma exchange. 759 21

Ten patients with haematological malignancy receiving allogeneic transplants from donors other than HLA-identical siblings were prepared for marrow transplantation with antithymocyte globulin, cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg and fractionated total body irradiation 12 Gy, and were given cyclosporin, methotrexate and prednisolone as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease post-transplant. The harvested T replete donor marrow was incubated with recombinant human (rh) GM-CSF 10 micrograms/ml (supersaturating concentration) for 1 h at 37 degrees C on a gently shaking rocker platform. After incubation the marrow was washed twice in 5% human serum albumin/normal saline and infused into the recipient. Before and after incubation, there was no significant difference in cell viability, the nucleated cell count, the CFU-GM content nor the proportion of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Compared with a preceding cohort of 16 patients treated on the same protocol but in whom the marrow was not incubated with GM-CSF, there was no difference in the incidence of graft failure or rate of neutrophil recovery.
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PMID:Lack of efficacy of a short ex vivo incubation of human allogeneic donor marrow with recombinant human GM-CSF prior to its infusion into the recipient. 785 31


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