Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ropinirole is a non-ergoline selective D2 dopamine agonist. Its efficacy and safety has been established in several controlled double-blind studies in patients with early and advanced Parkinson's disease. It is assumed that the improvement in the activities of daily living under ropinirole is not only due to the improved motor symptoms but also due to the improvement of non-motor symptoms like symptoms of mood and anxiety. The objective of this post marketing surveillance study was to show that under the conditions of the daily routine in the neurologic practice ropinirole may not only improve motor symptoms, the activity of daily living and complications of the treatment (dystonia, dyskinesia) but also alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. A total of 110 neurological practices enrolled 327 patients in early and advanced stages of the disease (139 females, 188-males; mean age: 67 years). They were treated with ropinirole as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with l-dopa over a period of 12 - 14 weeks. Selected symptoms of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II-IV and symptoms of depression and anxiety were rated by the clinicians. Mood and functional impairment in job, family and social life were rated by the patients using selected items of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). The different subtypes, i. e. the akinetic-rigid, tremor-dominant and the mixed subtype, are described separately. The total UPDRS score at baseline was similar for all three subtypes and there was also a similar improvement in the three groups under ropinirole. Both according to self-rating and to clinician rating the symptoms of depression and anxiety at baseline were more severe in the akinetic-rigid and the mixed subtype compared to the tremor-dominant subtype. The symptoms considerably improved and were reduced by 48 % under therapy with ropinirole. Adverse events were reported by 7.7 % of the patients. The surveillance study has shown that ropinirole may improve not only motor symptoms, activities of daily living and complications of treatment but also symptoms of mood and anxiety.
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PMID:[Improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms in parkinson patients under ropinirole therapy]. 1742 44

This is a comparison study that is aimed to investigate and compare the frequency and severity of secondary social anxiety disorder (SAD) in patients with hyperkinesias, which is associated with a significant sense of disfigurement and compromised social interaction. Patients with hemifacial spasm (n = 20), cervical dystonia (n = 20), and essential tremor (n = 20) were evaluated by SCID-I, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, and Sheehan Disability Scale. The DSM-IV H criterion excluding social anxiety related to a medical condition was disregarded for the diagnosis of secondary SAD. The control group (n = 60) consisted of matched healthy subjects. The frequency of the diagnosis and severity of symptoms were compared and associations with sociodemographic and clinical factors were explored. There was no difference between three patient groups in terms of the frequency or the severity of secondary SAD. Younger age and depressive symptoms were associated with the severity of secondary SAD, while severity or duration of the movement disorder or social disability was not. This study revealed a high frequency of secondary SAD in hyperkinesias, emphasizing the need for psychiatric assessment, especially for younger and depressed patients, who seem to be at greater risk.
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PMID:Secondary social anxiety in hyperkinesias. 1870 85

Bupropion, a noradrenaline/dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and venlafaxine, a serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, are both established antidepressants with proven efficacy in randomized controlled clinical trials. The objective of this double-blind, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, eight-week, flexible-dose study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the once-daily extended-release formulations of these two antidepressants compared with placebo. Patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to once-daily treatment with bupropion XR 150 mg (n = 204), the extended-release formulation of venlafaxine (venlafaxine XR) 75 mg (n = 198) or placebo (n = 189) during weeks 1 to 4, with the option to double the dose at week 5 if response was inadequate. In this study, bupropion XR did not demonstrate statistically significant evidence of greater improvement from baseline compared with placebo on week 8 Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating scale scores (primary endpoint) or on secondary endpoints including CGI, HAM-A and responder and remitter analyses. Descriptive statistics for venlafaxine XR indicated separation versus placebo on MADRS total scores at week 8 and other intermediate time points, and on other endpoints including CGI, HAM-A and responder and remitter analyses. Both active treatments elicited improvement on the Sheehan Disability Scale and its subscales and were generally well tolerated at the doses studied. Rates of nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, hyperhidrosis, insomnia, constipation, tremor, anorexia and male sexual dysfunction were elevated in the venlafaxine XR group, consistent with its mixed serotonergic/noradrenergic mechanism. Rates of dry mouth, insomnia and hyperhidrosis were elevated in the bupropion XR group, consistent with its catecholaminergic mechanism.
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PMID:Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of bupropion XR and venlafaxine XR. 1993 70