Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single unit activity in spindle afferent nerve fibres from the finger flexors, the anterior tibial muscle, and the calf muscles was recorded intraneurally with tungsten microelectrodes in patients with Parkinsonism with resting tremor and in spastic patients with clonus. During tremor of Parkinsonism, involving the receptor bearing muscles, the Ia afferent fibre discharge patterns were similar to those seen previously in healthy subjects during voluntary fast alternating finger or foot movements: besides the stretch discharges occurring during the relaxation phases, discharges also occurred during the contraction phases. Such contraction discharges, presumed to originate from intrafusal muscle fibre contractions, were not seen in the spastic patients during clonus. During the clonic oscillations each afferent stretch discharge was regularly followed by a stretch reflex contraction which on its falling phase elicited a new volley of impulses in the Ia afferent fibres. The findings are considered to support the notion that, like the contractions in normal voluntary alternating movements, the contractions in tremor of Parkinsonism are organized according to the principle of alpha-gamma coactivation, whereas the contractions in clonus are stretch reflexes causing pure alpha contractions.
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PMID:Muscle spindle activity in alternating tremor of Parkinsonism and in clonus. 12 83

Rhythmic forces have been applied to the wrist of patients with Parkinsonism tremor by means of a printed motor. The tremor rate was not altered to that of the applied force. On the contrary, beats were established, the rate of which depended on the difference in rate between the tremor and the applied rhythm. Most of the observations have been for horizontal motion of the hand but similar phenomena have been seen for vertical movements, and for other parts of the body--for example, foot, elbow, finger joint, and head. The observations are regarded as supporting the view that the tremorgenic mechanism is central. There was no electromyographic evidence of servo driving or servo assistance in the genesis of the tremor.
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PMID:Beats produced between a rhythmic applied force and the resting tremor of Parkinsonism. 76 88

Nine patients with Parkinsonism were studied before and after treatment with piribedil, a dopamine-receptor stimulator. Piribedil appeared to have a slight anti-Parkinsonism effect upon bradykinesia, and possibly upon tremor, but did not improve rigidity. The chief toxic effects were drowsiness and confusion, and two patients experienced nausea. Changes in homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid indicated that the drug reduced the turnover of endogenous dopamine. In spite of this definite neuropharmacological action, no clear-cut associated clinical benefit was demonstrated. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of piribedil in patients with parkinsonism. 109 Nov 22

Twenty-two patients with Parkinsonism were treated with levoamphetamine and 12 of these with dextroamphetamine. Levoamphetamine resulted in a significant improvement in disability from Parkinsonism, although the reduction in total disability, tremor, akinesia, and rigidity scores was slight (ca 20 percent). Dextroamphetamine in lower dosage also reduced disability by some 17 percent. The most disabled patients, including those also on levodopa, showed the greatest response to amphetamines. Previously, amphetamines have been reported to be a selective treatment for the oculogyric crises of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism. Amphetamines are thought to cause the release of catecholamines from central neurones. Their action in Parkinson's disease may be limited because of pre-existing striatal dopamine deficiency. Side-effects of amphetamines, anorexia, and CNS stimulation are different from those caused by levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Amphetamines in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 109

There are similarities between the motor disorder of Parkinsonism, the rigidity associated with the use of opioid drugs and the phenomenon of shaking during recovery from anaesthesia. Opioid receptors of the basal ganglia modulate activity of dopaminergic neurones. Opioid induced rigidity, therefore, may be a form of drug-induced Parkinsonism. This has implications for the anaesthetic management of the patient with Parkinsonism. Previous descriptions of the anaesthetic management of Parkinsonism have emphasized the cardiovascular complications of L-Dopa therapy, but have not discussed the importance of opioids.
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PMID:Parkinsonism and the anaesthetist. 273 Aug 35

Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local tissue:blood partition, coefficient (L lambda) values were measured during CT scanning while patients with different types of Parkinson's syndrome (N = 14) inhaled a contrast mixture of 35-37 per cent stable xenon gas in oxygen. Single-compartment analysis fitted to infinity was used to calculate L lambda and LCBF values. Results were compared with results from normal age-matched volunteers (N = 24). Mean hemispheric (p less than 0.05) and subcortical (p less than 0.05) gray matter LCBF values were reduced in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (N = 11), compared to values from age-matched normals. Regionally, LCBF reductions included frontal (p less than 0.001), parietal cortex (p less than 0.05), caudate (p less than 0.05), lentiform nuclei (p less than 0.001) and thalamus (p less than 0.05) reductions. L lambda values were normal. Unilateral tremor and/or rigidity correlated directly with reduced LCBF in contralateral lentiform (p less than 0.01) and caudate (p less than 0.01) nuclei. In postencephalitic Parkinsonism (N = 1) LCBF reductions were diffuse, with normal L lambda values. In the akinetic form of Parkinsonism (N = 1) associated with lacunar infarcts, LCBF and L lambda reductions were patchy. In Parkinsonism following carbon monoxide poisoning (N = 1), LCBF values of gray and white matter were diffusely reduced and L lambda values were reduced in both pallidal regions. When dementia was present together with Parkinsonism (N = 3), LCBF reductions were more diffuse and severe. Dopaminergic deficiency correlated directly with reduced LCBF values, reflecting the severity of Parkinsonism.
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PMID:Xenon contrast CT-CBF measurements in parkinsonism and normal aging. 399 51

Fourteen slightly disabled patients with Parkinsonism were treated separately with benzhexol, amantadine, and levodopa. Benzhexol and amantadine both gave a 15% reduction in functional disability and levodopa a 36% reduction. Benzhexol lessened the rigidity and improved the flexion of posture of Parkinson's disease, but had little or no effect on akinesia and tremor. Amantadine and levodopa caused improvement in all these symptoms. The combination of benzhexol and amantadine was as effective after four weeks of treatment as levodopa was after six months.
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PMID:Comparative trial of benzhexol, amantadine, and levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 483 13

The electromyographic silent period after electrical stimulation of the median nerve was recorded by surface electrodes over the abductor pollicis brevis muscle in 32 patients with Parkinsonism before and after treatment with levodopa. A supra-maximal stimulus was delivered during maximal isometric contraction of the muscle. The silent period was prolonged in the untreated state compared with controls, but shortened significantly as a result of treatment. Observation of the clinical effects of treatment in each patient showed a relationship between shortening of the silent period and improvement in resting tremor. There was no relationship between the duration of the silent period and rigidity. The significance of these findings is discussed. They are considered to support the view that inhibition of motoneurone activity by afferent stimuli is intensified in Parkinsonism and that there is a close relationship between the degree of motoneurone inhibition and the severity of tremor.
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PMID:Levodopa in Parkinsonism: reduction in the electromyographic silent period and its relationship with tremor. 503 11

Urethral sphincter function was studied in 14 patients with Parkinsonism. All patients had urethral pressure profiles, sphincter electromyography and a voiding study with or without cystourethrography. Abnormalities were found in all patients, but profound abnormalities were present in four patients who had markedly increased sphincter tone and sphincter tremor and who failed to relax the sphincter when voiding. These abnormalities may be a significant cause of urinary symptoms in these patients.
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PMID:Urethral sphincter abnormalities in Parkinsonism. 665 40

Eleven patients with Parkinsonism had unilateral sterotaxic lesions made in the vicinity of the ventrolateral thalamus to reduce contralateral tremor and rigidity. The results indicate that a lesion of this sort allows motor fatiguing to improve in those limbs in which rigidity is reduced. It increases contraletral spontaneous movement if it relieves rigidity by a sufficient amount. Otherwise spontaneous movement is reduced. The lesion affects the spontaneous movement of the ipsilateral arm in parellel with its effect on the contralateral one.
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PMID:Parkinsonism: If surgery is necessary, can it help spontaneous movement and motor fatiguing? 700 3


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