Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clenbuterol is a betamimetic agent with a marked effect on the adrenergic beta-2-receptors relevant for tocolysis. The influence on beta-1-receptors of the heart, resulting in cardiovascular side effects is far less. The substance is resorbed almost completely enterally and has a half-life of 34 hours. Consequently, ingestion intervals of 12 hours are possible, resulting in a good acceptance of the tocolytic, therapy and a noticeable improvement of the patients compliance. Clenbuterol was applied in 37 cases in the course of a clinical test. Initially, the dose was 0.04 mg b.i.d., after 24 hours 0.02 mg b.i.d. In cases of cervix-effective, premature labor, an objectively measureable tocolytic effect was achieved. Subjectively reported side effects, i.e. palpation, tachycardia and tremor, were noticeably weaker than under fenoterol therapy. There was no indication of clenbuterol-related cardiotoxicity regarding continuous measurement of heart-specific enzymes, i.e. CK-MB and serum myoglobin. No pathologic alterations were found in the EKGs. Therefore, regarding indications and contraindications for beta-adrenergic agents, clenbuterol appears to have good tocolytic properties, with the advantages of less cardiac side effects, better compliance and a better dose-effect-ratio compared with the common oral tocolysis with fenoterol.
 ...
PMID:[Oral tocolytic therapy with clenbuterol--clinical facts]. 318

We reported two cases of acute alcoholic myopathy associated with rhabdomyolysis. The first case was 62 year-old man, who had been drinking every day for 40 years. Following diarrhea, he had psychic symptoms, and was admitted to our hospital. He was in a state of delirium. Tremor in extremities, dysarthria and weakness of lower extremities were observed. Neither swelling nor grasping pain were seen in any muscles. Laboratory data showed severe hypokalemia and high levels of serum muscle enzymes and myoglobin. An increase of lactate and pyruvate was not seen in ischemic exercise test performed at the acute or the recovery phase. It was suggested that glycolysis in muscles was suppressed in this case. The second case was 43 year-old man, who had been drinking every day for 27 years. Rapidly progressive weakness of both lower extremities was seen, and he was admitted to our hospital. Grasping pain of both legs and proximal muscle weakness of extremities were observed. Laboratory date showed normokalemia and high levels of serum muscle enzymes and myoglobin. Muscle biopsy showed no abnormal findings in histology and electron microscopy. Although the pathogenesis of acute alcoholic myopathy is unknown, suppression of muscle glycolysis enzyme caused by ethanol may play an important role in the first case.
 ...
PMID:[Two cases of acute alcoholic myopathy associated with rhabdomyolysis]. 829 65

In general, microcapsules prepared from alginate and polycations lack mechanical strength because the interaction between alginate and polycations is ionic instead of covalent, which represents a much stronger bond. To increase the mechanical strength of the capsule, we prepared photosensitive microcapsules that could form covalent bonds between polymers in the capsular membrane by light irradiation. Two types of photosensitive poly(allylamine), with 5% and 10% of amino groups modified by alpha-phenoxycinnamylidene acetylchloride, were synthesized. Both photopolymers exhibited an absorption maximum at 325 nm and were capable of crosslinking upon light exposure. These photosensitive polymers were used for the preparation of microcapsules. The capsules formed from this photosensitive poly(allylamine) and alginate were strengthened significantly by light irradiation. Only 28% of the microcapsules prepared from the 5%-modified photopolymer fractured after 48 h of shaking at 150 rpm. This fracture percentage is much lower when compared with the 60% of capsules fractured when prepared from the untreated poly(allylamine). By using poly(allylamine) at 10% modification, the mechanical strength was improved only slightly, with 26% of capsules fractured. Analysis of the permeability test indicated that the photo-crosslinked capsular membrane was freely permeable to cytochrome c and myoglobin, but less permeable to serum albumin. The encapsulation method was used to entrap and culture IW32 mouse leukemia cells. The cells proliferated to a density of about 1.1 x 10(7) cells/mL in the capsules after 7 days of cultivation. Concurrently, the concentration of erythropoietin in the microcapsules increased to 800 mU/mL. This new encapsulation technique has great potential in the application of a bioindustrial cell-culturing process.
 ...
PMID:Cell encapsulation with alginate and alpha-phenoxycinnamylidene-acetylated poly(allylamine). 1104 43

Rhabdomyolysis (R) is a complex condition involving the rapid dissolution of damaged or injured skeletal muscle. This leads to the direct release of intracellular components, including myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as electrolytes, into the bloodstream and extracellular space. Clinically, R shows a triad of symptoms: myalgia, limb weakness, and myoglobinuria without hematuria, while myoglobin has been recognized as playing a part in the development of acute kidney injury. Coturnism is a relatively rare disease, mostly found in the European countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by acute R. It follows the consumption of Coturnix coturnix, a species of quails common in Europe, that have ingested the toxic substances (and especially coniine) present in the herbaceous plant called hemlock (Conium maculatum). Coniine may be lethal at a dose of 150 mg but it has neurotoxic effects at smaller doses, with acute R and acute kidney injury. Freezing and cooking the meat does not inactivate the alkaloids present in the birds' flesh and digestive tract. The clinical course of coturnism includes neurotoxicosis, tremor, vomiting, muscle paralysis, respiratory paralysis/failure, R and acute kidney injury. In appropriate geographical and temporal settings, it should be considered when diagnosing patients with acute R. The genetic, biochemical and epidemiological characteristics of coturnism are not yet fully known, while we wait reliable data from experimental studies.
 ...
PMID:[Rhabdomyolysis: have you considered food poisoning from quails?] 3228 58