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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper deals with the recording of finger microtremor using a self-constructed apparatus (amplitudes 0.5 to 0.05 mm). 32 healthy subjects aged 7 to 60 years were examined by means of a test set permitting the exact recording of the amplitudes and frequencies of the right middle finger movement. Special attention was given to the vertical plane of the tremor in order to permit more exact demonstration. Frequencies of 5 to 12 cps. were recorded, the mean frequency being 7.55+/-1.12 cps. The minimum amplitude was 0.02 and the maximum recorded amplitude amounted to 1.4 mm, with a mean amplitude of 0.12+/- 0.07 mm. No significant differences in amplitude or frequency were noted with respect to age or sex. This method is useful in the accurate quantitative assessment of every kind of tremor.
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PMID:[Finger Microtremor--an experimental study (author's transl)]. 97 76

A variable proportion of albino rats 6-11 days old exhibit spontaneous and infrequent rotatory head-shaking episodes. This motor pattern is slightly anticipated and significantly increased in occurrence and duration by the administration of D-amphetamine (5 mg/Kg), with a maximal effect of the drug on the 9th day. The rate of amphetamine induced rhythmic head oscillations increases with age from below 5 cps on the 5th day to about 9 cps on the 10th day. The results are discussed in relation to maturation of both the underlying catecholaminergic pathways, activated by D-amphetamine, and the stretch reflex systems of the head and neck muscles participating in the rhythmic activity. Emphasis is placed on the difference between head-shaking and stereotyped activity.
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PMID:Spontaneous and amphetamine induced head-shaking in infant rats. 103 62

The investigators tested the effect of 120 mg propranolol daily on 21 patients with essential tremor using a double-blind cross-over method and electrical recording of tremor amplitude and frequency. The patients varied in age between 15 and 60 years and had a mean tremor frequency of 10 cps. Propranolol had no effect on the tremor frequency but reduced the amplutide in 15 of the patients. Propranolol was most effective in older patients and in those with slow tremor frequencies.
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PMID:Effect of propranolol on essential tremor. 110 83

In the routine analysis of patients with tremors, we have the routine analysis of patients with tremors, we have encountered three patients with severe cerebellar postural & kinetic tremors. Surface EMG study revealed alternating activity in antagonistic muscles with low frequency (3-5 cps) and wide duration (over 125msecs). They were different to typical essential tremor & parkinson's tremor in the clinical manifestation and tremogram. The tremor did not respond to high dose of propranolol (120-160mg/day), but responded to high dose of isoniazid (800-1200mg/day). Patients were evaluated before & after INH therapy with videotaping, surface EMG quantitative recording. One patient had transient side effects (abnormal liver function) in the beginning of treatment possibly because he was a "slow acetylator". The possible mechanism of effort of INH was discussed.
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PMID:[Isoniazid therapy in severe cerebellar, postural and kinetic tremor]. 280 83

We evaluated four patients with an initial and predominant voice tremor. All were referred for evaluation for suspected parkinsonism, though vocal tremor was the only symptom. These three women and one man ranged in age from 37 to 59 years. Neurologic evaluation and laryngeal examination were unremarkable. No signs of parkinsonism were present. All patients had a family history of tremor, though in only one family was vocal tremor the sole manifestation. Tremor was suppressed by alcohol ingestion in all patients and with whisper in two. Duration of tremor before evaluation ranged from eight months to six years. Visual representation of tremor was obtained in three, with frequencies ranging from 4 to 10 cps. Three patients responded to treatment with propranolol (Inderal), and one did well with voice training. Follow-up was six months to ten years. Although previous cases of essential vocal tremor with concurrent tremor elsewhere have been noted, only six cases of isolated voice tremor had been reported and response to therapy was not mentioned. Essential tremor may also be isolated to the head, chin, and hands.
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PMID:Essential vocal tremor: clinical characteristics and response to therapy. 397 48

Twenty-four adult outpatients with poorly controlled complex partial seizures were treated with valproic acid. Previous therapy with antiepileptic agents was continued to maintain stable plasma drug levels. Initially 12 patients experienced greater than 50% seizure reduction. Only five patients maintained longterm benefit. In the other seven patients a tolerance developed to valproic acid's efficacy. Duration of seizure control seemed to be a function of initial seizure frequency. Toxic effects were generally mild. No hepatotoxic effect was noted and no hematological abnormalities developed. Weight changes occurred in 17 patients (14 gained weight) and five patients experienced a postural tremor. Eighteen patients experienced nausea.
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PMID:Valproic acid therapy for complex partial seizures. Its efficacy and toxic effects. 640 1

Spatio-temporal distribution of cortical potentials formed by non-reinforced conditioned stimuli in 10 unrestrained rabbits, was studied in the course of extinction of a conditioned defense ear-shaking reaction to flickering light, by means of comparison of successive electroencephalotopograms. The first signs of the extinction were characterized by a periodical reversion of the momentary sagittal gradient of values of simultaneous cortical potentials, going on with the frequency of light stimulation (4 cps). Under these conditions, the probability of motor reaction to light was reduced. At a late stage of the extinction the potential gradient reversion had lower frequency characteristics for passive wakefulness and drowsiness of the rabbits.
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PMID:[Dynamics of the space-time organization of cortical potentials upon extinction of electro-defensive conditioned reflexes in rabbits]. 744 51

The natural history, management, and long-term outcome for patients with benign, intrinsic tectal plate gliomas remain controversial in spite of their propensity to cause late-onset hydrocephalus. A 10-year retrospective review has identified 11 consecutive children with tectal plate lesions. Headache, vomiting, a decline in school performance, tremor, and complex partial seizures were common presenting symptoms. All patients presented with signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging delineated an intra-axial mass lesion of the midbrain primarily localized to the tectal plate which uniformly was hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and had a more variable appearance on T1-weighted imaging and rare enhancement with gadolinium. No patient underwent surgical resection, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Three of 11 patients (27%) showed evidence of progression in size or a new focus of enhancement on MR imaging, which was clinically asymptomatic. In this series, no patient with a tectal plate lesion less than 1.5 cm in maximal diameter and without gadolinium enhancement showed any evidence of clinical or radiological progression. Although intrinsic tectal lesions in children are clinically indolent and the initial management consists of CSF diversion, these lesions may eventually progress and still warrant long-term follow-up with serial MR imaging.
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PMID:Management of intrinsic gliomas of the tectal plate in children. A ten-year review. 1070 25

Previous reports have provided evidence of a reticulo-thalamic system, extending from the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) to the ventrolateral thalamus (VL), involved in the production of tremor. In humans, a funnel of fibers in the posterior subthalamus named the prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) has been described as an exquisite target to treat tremor in cases of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, a group of 14 patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, with prominent unilateral tremor and rigidity, were implanted with tetrapolar depth brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in Raprl to perform chronic electrical stimulation (ES) for the treatment of patient symptoms. Electrodes were left externalized to corroborate their placement throughout MRI studies and also to perform the following electrophysiological battery: (a) recording of somatosensory-evoked responses (SEP) through different electrode contacts and scalp by means of a paradigm to study the attention process; (b) evoking scalp EEG responses by stimulation with low (3 cps, 6 cps) and high (60-120 cps) frequencies with stimuli delivered through different electrode contacts, and (c) studying recovery cycle (RC) potentials in the Raprl while the upper MRF was being stimulated and, conversely, the RC in MRF while Raprl was being stimulated, before and after subacute Raprl stimulation. Thereafter, the electrodes were internalized and connected to a pulse generator (IPG) to carry on chronic ES, while the effects of stimulation were determined through a quantitative evaluation that measured phasic and tonic muscular activity with EMG recordings during different motor tasks. Results indicate the following: (a) that late, but not early, SEP components were recorded in Raprl and modulated in different attentive conditions; (b) that bilateral recruiting responses and spike and wave complexes were elicited by Raprl through low-frequency stimulation, while bilateral positive DC shifts induced by high-frequency stimulation were recorded, similar to those obtained in animals from MRF, and (c) that Raprl-ES induced RC inhibition at Raprl, but Raprl ES did not change MRF-RC. Long-term Raprl-ES induced a significant decrease in tremor and rigidity. It was concluded that Raprl represents a subthalamic circuit electrophysiologically related to MRF in the genesis of tremor and rigidity and in the process of selective attention. Raprl-ES induced a significant improvement in tremor and rigidity by causing inhibition of the stimulated area.
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PMID:Subthalamic prelemniscal radiation stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: electrophysiological characterization of the area. 1103 78

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that is associated with numerous psychological challenges, especially in children. Drawings have been underutilized as a method to obtain insight into psychological issues in children with epilepsy. We asked 105 children with epilepsy, ages 5 to 18 years, to draw a picture of what it is like to have a seizure. Across ages and epilepsy syndromes, the drawings showed evidence of impaired self-concept, low self-esteem, and a sense of helplessness and vulnerability. Overall, the drawings of human figures were less developed than expected for chronological age. In some drawings, indicators of underlying depression were found. When considered by epilepsy syndrome or seizure type, some specific artistic features were noted. Children with simple partial (motor) seizures drew distorted body parts, especially limbs. Those with complex partial seizures depicted sensory symptoms and mental status changes such as confusion. Children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures showed shaking extremities. Drawings by children with absence seizures illustrated mainly staring. In conclusion, drawings are a powerful method to examine the self-concept of children with epilepsy and gain insight into their feelings about themselves and their world.
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PMID:Seizure drawings: insight into the self-image of children with epilepsy. 1260 27


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