Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight hundred and eight subjects participated in three surveys of random samples of people aged 65 years or more living in their own homes. Neurological history and examination showed the prevalence of completed stroke to be 73 per 1000. Eighty-seven subjects per 1000 gave a history of transient cerebral ischaemic attacks. These prevalence rates were unaffected by age or sex. Senile dementia was diagnosed in 24 subjects per 1000 under 75 years and 109 per 1000 over that age. The prevalence of dementia of all types was 43 per 1000 under, and 140 per 1000, over 75 years of age. Parkinsonism was diagnosed in 16 subjects per 1000, and essential tremor in 17 per 1000. The prevalence of epilepsy was four subject per 1000. Other neurological disorders were diagnosed in 36 subjects, and a similar number had neurological abnormalities to which a definite diagnosis could not be given.
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PMID:Neurological disorders in the elderly at home. 18 Feb 57

The oxy form of sickle hemoglobin precipitates rapidly during mechanical shaking. The rate of precipitation depends on shaking conditions such as stroke amplitude, frequency, angle between the vial axis and the shaking motion, volume and viscosity of hemoglobin solution and temperature. The rate increases linearly with either stroke (S) or frequency (n) above a certain value (S = 5 mm or n = 10Hz). The rate constant was maximum when the angle 0 between the vial axis and the shaking direction was 30 degrees. The rate of precipitation of sickle oxyhemoglobin was faster at high temperatures and always about 10 times greater than that of normal hemoglobin. The activation energies of precipitation of hemoglobin S and A are 20.3 and 21.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The thermogram of hemoglobin was measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. The denaturation temperatures determined from the peak of denaturation curves were 83.5 degrees C for oxyhemoglobin S and 85 degrees C for oxyhemoglobin A. The precipitated hemoglobin after mechanical shaking did not show any denaturation peak indicating that the protein molecules are irreversibly denatured by shaking.
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PMID:Denaturation of oxyhemoglobulin S by mechanical shaking. 99 91

A case-control study was performed to investigate the significance of arteriosclerosis, heredity and some infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The study group consisted of all traceable patients with Parkinson's disease living in a defined area, a total of 444 patients, and of control subjects for each patient, matched in sex and age, chosen from among the general population residing in the same area. No significant differences were found between the patients and the controls concerning the occurrence of cardiac insufficiency, coronary heart disease, or stroke. The Parkinsonian patients, however, had a significantly lower incidence of clinical arterial hypertension when compared with the controls. In addition, the patients more often had low systolic blood pressures and more rarely high pressures than the controls. Even the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The low blood pressure seems to be an effect of Parkinson's disease itself with a minor contribution of levodopa therapy. The observations above are considered to indicate that arteriosclerosis and Parkinson's disease are probably only concurrent disorders and not in etiological relationship with each other. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of the patients and the controls with relatives with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor, which suggests that genetic factors do not have a significant role in Parkinson's disease and on the other hand that essential tremor and Parkinson's disease are two separate disease entities. No other encephalitis than a lethargic one was found to precede Parkinson's disease and the occurrence of meningitis was rare both among the patients and the controls. The history of Spanish influenza was found to be as frequent in the patients as in the controls, thus not supporting the idea that influenza has etiological importance in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Arteriosclerosis, heredity, and some previous infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study. 100 13

This case demonstrates focal neurologic deficit mimicking stroke with underlying hepatic encephalopathy. Unilateral weakness in patients with hepatic encephalopathy has not been previously described in the English language literature. A 46-yr-old white woman was admitted to an acute care hospital for left shoulder manipulation, underwent general anesthesia and appeared to have had a right cerebrovascular accident. At transfer to the rehabilitation hospital, in addition to the left hemiparesis, there were inconsistencies in the neurologic examination and signs of cognitive impairment and liver failure. The patient's response to an intensive, multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program along with treatment of the liver dysfunction led to resolution of left-sided weakness and flapping tremor with independence in ambulation and activities of daily living. Relevant literature is reviewed. A thorough history and physical examination with liver function assessment should always be performed in patients with cerebrovascular accident and unusual recovery.
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PMID:Hepatic encephalopathy mimicking stroke. A case report. 155 31

In the past, intention tremor has responded well to selected neuroablative procedures; however, objective symptomatic and functional outcomes of ventralis lateralis (VL) thalamotomy specifically for intention tremor in the post-computerized tomography era has rarely been reported. This series explored the symptomatic and functional impact of VL thalamotomy on 14 patients presenting at the Mayo Clinic with severe, refractory intention tremor due to multiple sclerosis (five patients), trauma (four patients), or stroke (five patients). General neurological examinations, psychometric evaluations, speech pathology assessments, and neuroradiological scans were performed. Pre- and postoperative disability were graded according to a modified form of an established rating scale for tremor. All patients received VL radiofrequency thalamotomies utilizing neurophysiological recording and stimulation control. Contralateral targeted upper-extremity tremor remained symptomatically absent or markedly reduced in 81.8% of cases (mean follow-up period 23.4 months). The median disability score was reduced by 12 points (0.02 less than p less than 0.05). Persistent surgical morbidity was limited to two patients with mild, nondisabling dysarthrias. One elderly patient died of pulmonary complications 2 weeks postoperatively. There were no reported surgically induced exacerbations in multiple sclerosis; however, some of these patients exhibited difficulties with electrophysiological localization. These results compare favorably with those reported in the literature and confirm that stereotactic VL thalamotomy for debilitating intention tremor carries a low surgical risk and can be an effective treatment option for properly selected patients.
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PMID:Symptomatic and functional outcome of stereotactic ventralis lateralis thalamotomy for intention tremor. 842 Dec 18

In recent years there are a considerable increase in alcohol consumption in Taiwan, which may have been accompanied by increased incidence of alcohol-related physical disease. This study was designed for an understanding of neurological problems in chronic alcoholic patients. One hundred and five cases of chronic alcoholics with neurological problems were collected. All had taken more than 100 g alcohol daily for more than 8 years. They were all males, with a mean age of 47.0 +/- 1.3 years, mean daily alcohol consumption of 185.1 +/- 9.0 g (mean +/- S.E.). These chronic alcoholic patients showed various neurological problems. Patients showing typical clinical features of alcoholic neurological disease are now rather rare. Most of the patients had manifestations of more than one problems: polyneuropathy (74.3%), alcoholic tremor (37.1%), hallucinosis (30.5%), myopathy (26.7%), head injury (24.8%), withdrawal seizures (18.1%), Wernicke encephalopathy (15.2%), paranoia (13.3%), and stroke (15.2%). Furthermore, we divided all the patients into 5 categories, they were: encephalopathy, 59 cases (56.2%); stroke, 16 cases (15.2%); cerebellar degeneration, 12 cases (11.4%); neuropathy, 78 case (74.3%); and myopathy, 28 cases (16.7%). The daily alcohol consumption and duration of daily drinking were different significantly (p less than 0.05) among five different syndrome categories.
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PMID:Neurological problems in chronic alcoholics. 165 33

A chart review from 151 dysphonic patients over the age of 60 was done to define aging related voice disorders. Overwhelmingly, patients suffered from dysphonia due to disease processes associated with aging rather than to physiologic aging alone. These include: 1. central neurological disorders affecting laryngeal function (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, Alzheimer's disease); 2. benign vocal fold lesions (e.g., Reinke's edema, benign and dysplastic epithelial lesions); 3. inflammatory disorders (e.g., laryngitis sicca, medication effect); 4. laryngeal neoplasia; and 5. laryngeal paralysis. Typical laryngeal findings of vocal fold bowing and breathiness consistent with presbylarynges were present in only six patients. Presbylarynges is not a common disorder and should be a diagnosis of exclusion made only after careful medical and speech evaluation.
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PMID:Dysphonia in the aging: physiology versus disease. 173 85

Spontaneous drawings of 38 patients, diagnosed by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria as "probable Alzheimer's disease," and of 39 normal control subjects were analyzed by two independent observers using a standardized scoring system. Drawings of patients with Alzheimer's disease displayed fewer angles, impaired perspective and spatial relations, simplification, and overall impairment compared with those of the control subjects. This represents a combination of the deficits seen following right- and left-hemisphere lesions. Neglect, tremor, and perseveration were not prominent. Drawing impairment was relatively independent of language or memory impairment, but drawing performance was related to perceptual and executive dysfunction in the visuospatial domain. Deterioration was followed up for up to 3 years.
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PMID:On drawing impairment in Alzheimer's disease. 198 29

Therapeutic efficacy of calcium channel blockers in stroke remains controversial, but previously used agents bind almost exclusively to L-type calcium channels. The newly-discovered N-type calcium channel is specific to neurons, and therapy involving blockade of this site has not been previously attempted. We assessed the neuroprotective effect of omega-conotoxin GVIA (CgTx), a blocker of N-type calcium channels, using both in vitro hypoxic injury to rat cortical neurons and an in vivo model of reversible spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. In cell cultures, CgTx inhibited hypoxia-induced 45Ca accumulation and neuronal injury minimally, compared to the NMDA antagonist ketamine. In vivo, the duration of spinal cord ischemia which produced permanent paraplegia in 50% of control animals (ET50) was 24.0 +/- 2.6 min. Animals treated 2 h prior to ischemia with 0.5 nmol CgTx in the subarachnoid space had an ET50 of 26.9 +/- 1.8 min (P = 0.36). Animals treated 24 h prior to ischemia (all had persistent systemic tremor) had a ET50 of 28.9 +/- 1.8 min (P = 0.13). We conclude that pharmacologic modulation of the N-type calcium channel does not provide a significant protective effect against neuronal hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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PMID:Treatment with conotoxin, an 'N-type' calcium channel blocker, in neuronal hypoxic-ischemic injury. 208 77

Pituitary apoplexy is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical features. A quite rare case of painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus (DI) followed by pituitary apoplexy was presented. A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in May, 1986 because of marked general malaise, polydipsia and weight loss which became progressively worse. Four months earlier she had experienced episodes of abrupt onset of severe headache associated with nausea and blurring vision. Physical examinations revealed a fine tremor, dry skin and nervousness. The thyroid gland was not palpable. Visual fields were intact. Her blood pressure was 105/64 mmHg with variable tachycardia. The routine laboratory studies were normal or negative except for hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia and hypernatremia. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 12 mm/hr. An impairment in corticotropin secretion was suspected from the low plasma cortisol and the low urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and the sufficient response to ACTH. Basal levels of GH and gonadotropin were also low, and responses to the stimulation tests (Insulin-stress, L-DOPA, and LH-RH) were all blunted. Brain computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a suprasellar mass that, after infusion, developed peripheral ring-like enhancement and large hyperintense pituitary mass, respectively. A diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy with anterior pituitary failure was made. However, the initial levels of thyroid hormones showed elevated as follows: Free T3 7.6 pg/ml, Free T4 3.3 ng/dl and T3-resin uptake 41.1%. TSH responses to TRH were all suppressed. TSH receptor antibody (TBII) was negative. Both antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were repeatedly positive. A thyroid scan with 99mTc revealed no uptake in the thyroid area. These findings led us to the diagnosis of "painless autoimmune thyroiditis". She had become hypothyroid without any medication. At that time radioactive 99mTc and 123I uptakes increased significantly. When hydrocortisone was substituted, daily urine output abruptly increased to about 10 liters with low osmolality, and the presence of DI was suspected. This diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion tests and subsequent pitressin test. She is currently quite well on L-thyroxine, hydrocortisone and desmopressin (1988). This association with pituitary apoplexy must be a rare occurrence, as a literature search has failed to find a similar case. The pathogenetic trigger of "painless thyroiditis" in this case may be responsible for some immunological change due to secondary adrenal insufficiency after pituitary apoplexy.
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PMID:[An unusual association of transient resolving thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus associated with spontaneous pituitary apoplexy]. 230 57


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