Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a doubl-blind study, patients receiving a rapidly falling dosage of clonidine recovered about 1 day faster from the symptoms of moderately severe alcohol withdrawal than patients receiving placebo. The effects of clonidine were especially noticeable with respect to tremor, sweating, elevated systolic blood pressure, tension, anxiety, depression, and general condition. Clonidine had no effect on the sleep disturbances. No significant side effects were seen. It is suggested that clonidine is a useful aid in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, especially when it is desirable to minimise the use of tranquillisers.
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PMID:Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal. 110 76

Eighteen professional divers (age range 24-33 yr, mean 28.3) participated in one simulated dive to 360 meters of seawater (msw) in a helium-oxygen (heliox) atmosphere with equal compression and decompression profiles. All divers were given an extensive neurologic examination before diving. Clinical neurologic symptoms observed during the dives were equilibrium disorder, sleep disturbances, fatigue, nausea, loose stools, stomach pain, tremor, mental disturbances, reduced appetite, and headache. Symptoms were scored individually by each diver. The symptoms were analyzed statistically by factor analysis, which grouped them into four factors. These symptoms are presumably related to functional disturbances in the brain stem and the cerebellum. Factor 3 symptoms (tremor, mental disturbances, reduced appetite) correlated significantly to a history of predive decompression sickness (P = 0.006) and to cerebral concussion (P = 0.023). Three divers were periodically unable to work at bottom due to equilibrium disorder, diarrhea, or nausea. One diver with mild polyneuropathy and slight cerebral atrophy as seen by computerized tomography and another diver with abnormal electroencephalography were periodically unable to work due to equilibrium disorder and nausea, respectively. We advocate that divers with signs of central or peripheral nervous system dysfunction should not be selected for deep diving.
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PMID:Analysis of neurologic symptoms in deep diving: implications for selection of divers. 232 22

Depressive mood is frequently associated with Parkinson's syndrome, but it may also occur as a precursor of this disease. As regards the subtypes of Parkinson's disease, the frequency of depressive states is significantly higher in the type dominated by akinesia and rigidity than in the type dominated by tremor. On the basis of biochemical changes, certain aspects of the depression can be successfully treated by substitution therapy: L-dopa medication may increase the reduced dopamine values in the striatum, thereby improving drive. Substitution with L-tryptophan raises the lowered serotonin values in the reticular formation, which may influence sleep disturbances. The changes of basic mood, however, which are characteristic of depression, such as cheerlessness and apathy, are the dopamine of antidepressive medication; only these drugs can re-establish the biochemical balance to a large extent.
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PMID:[Depression and Parkinson syndrome]. 287 39

Nineteen caisson workers had been exposed to metallic mercury vapours while digging tubes underneath the first district of Vienna (exposure between 470 and 2440 min; mean 1621 min). The blood mercury values on admission were between 29 and 166 micrograms/l (mean 75 +/- 34 micrograms/l). The main findings reported are clinical neurologic symptoms, psychic complaints, neurographic results and autonomic parameters (cardiovascular reflexes): 47% complained of headache and tiredness, 37% showed tremor and suffered from sleep disturbances, 26% showed hypersalivation, 16% changes in handwriting, and 11% slight dysarthria. The cardiovascular reflexes (autonomic parameters) were abnormal in 7 of 12 patients. On neurography the distal latency (median nerve) was pathologic in 47%, the distal latency (peroneal nerve) was pathologic in 26%, the antidromic sensory nerve conduction velocity (median nerve) was abnormal in 10%, the motor nerve conduction velocity, compound amplitude and vibratory threshold were normal.
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PMID:[Neurologic symptoms in inhalation poisoning with metallic mercury]. 340 53

This was an open-label study in 19 children aged 9-13 years, weighing 27-44 kg, with bronchial asthma. Twenty-four-hour steady-state concentrations of theophylline and its metabolites 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 3-methyl xanthine and 1-methyl uric acid were assessed after daily dosing of 600 mg (ca 18 mg/kg/day) of the sustained-release theophylline micro-pellet sprinkle system BY158K, for 4 days. The dosing regimen used was an unequal twice-daily dose of 200 mg in the morning after breakfast and 400 mg in the evening after dinner. Twenty-four-hour peak expiratory flow (PEF) profiles were compared before treatment and at steady-state, along with lung function parameters after bronchial provocation. Mean values +/- SD (n = 16) of the steady-state characteristics were Cmin 6.8 +/- 2.1 mg/l, Cmax 14.5 +/- 4.8 mg/l and Cav 10.5 +/- 2.9 mg/l, the plateau time was 11.7 +/- 4.8 hr and peak-trough fluctuation and swing were 72 +/- 21 and 118 +/- 52%, respectively. There was an excellent reproducibility of theophylline pre-dose levels at corresponding time points of the 24-hr sampling period [r = 0.864 (p less than 0.001)]. Mean values +/- SD of the 24 hr average serum metabolite levels were 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/1 for 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/1 for 3-methyl xanthine and 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/1 for l-methyl uric acid. Lung function (n = 17) following bronchial provocation, improved in 10 children after theophylline treatment of 4 days, remained stable in 2 patients and deteriorated in 5 patients. Serum theophylline profiles and PEF profiles ran largely in parallel over the 24-hr period. Six children exhibited typical theophylline induced side-effects, headache (n = 3), nausea (n = 4), dizziness (n = 1), vomiting (n = 4), sleep disturbances (n = 1), pallor (n = 1) and tremor (n = 1), necessitating in 3 children one dose omission/reduction (n = 2) or subsequent dose reduction (n = 1). It has been shown that a twice daily dosing regimen with unequal doses of anhydrous theophylline (BY158K) is well suited to this population of fast metabolisers. The patients were well protected throughout the day, including the critical early morning hours.
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PMID:Steady state pharmacokinetics, metabolism and pharmacodynamics of theophylline in children after unequal twice-daily dosing of a new sustained-release formulation. 367 17

The effectiveness of tiapride on psychic disorders was studied in 30 chronic alcoholics by assessing four parameters: sleep disturbances, mood disorders, conduct disturbances, and tremor. In a daily dosage of 600 to 900 mg tiapride proved particularly effective on insomnia, anxiety, passivity and tremor, without adverse side-effects. This drug seems useful for controlling psychic disorders in alcoholics and for motivating acceptance of a detoxification program.
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PMID:[Study of the effectiveness of tiapride on psychic disorders in alcoholics]. 629 77

The alcoholic patient is usually anxious. Anxiety is increased by withdrawal. The anxiety-relieving effect of tiapride was studied in 20 alcoholics, with a mean age of 44 years. 18 patients were male. Alcoholism was chronic in 18 cases and paroxystic in two. At the time of withdrawal each patient was given 3 intramuscular injections daily for 7 days, then 3 tablets per day. Results, which were evaluated according to the Hamilton score, were excellent in 9 cases, good in 10 and poor in 1: no failure was recorded. The symptoms which responded best were fear, somatic and psychic manifestations of anxiety, depressive feelings and sleep disturbances. Concomitantly, digestive disorders, anorexia, tremor and pain were alleviated. Tolerance was excellent: no neurologic, digestive, cardiovascular or biologic manifestations were recorded. In caring for alcoholic patients, the critical time of withdrawal is undeniably facilitated by the use of tiapride.
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PMID:[Use of tiapride in the anxious alcoholic]. 630 98

The profile and prognosis of symptoms of 87 patients (mean age 38.6 years) in whom a chronic organic solvent intoxication due to tri- or perchloroethylene or mixtures of solvents had been diagnosed 3-9 years earlier were examined by means of an interview. Both at the time of diagnosis and upon reexamination, the most common symptoms were abnormal fatigue, memory disturbances and headache. Also dizziness, sleep disturbances, sensory symptoms in the extremities, mental depression, concentration difficulties, psychic irritability, emotional lability, tremor and nausea were present in over 60% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Upon reexamination, 52% of the intoxication patients with no other contributing neurological disease felt that their overall subjective condition was better than at the time of diagnosis, 21% felt that it was worse, and 27% reported no change. Most of the individual symptoms had more often changed for the better than for the worse; the differences were statistically significant with regard to abnormal fatigue, headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, nausea, and emotional lability, whereas memory disturbances had changed in the opposite direction. Younger persons, who had had a longer follow-up period and without regular check-ups at the Institute of Occupational Health seemed to have better prognosis at the group level. Due to the great variation between the individuals, the prognosis was, however, impossible to predict in individual cases.
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PMID:Prognosis of symptoms in patients with diagnosed chronic organic solvent intoxication. 715 5

Whereas early formulations of addictive behaviour placed great emphasis upon withdrawal as a defining feature, current views focus more upon compulsive use as its central characteristic. However, the withdrawal syndrome continues to occupy an important place in the study of the addictions. It is interesting both in its own right and in relation to the development and maintenance of the compulsive use of drugs. Despite the attention devoted to withdrawal phenomena over many years, precise demarcation of the withdrawal symptoms associated with drugs of dependence has proved difficult to achieve. Withdrawal from all drugs of dependence appears to lead to mood disturbances although the extent to which these are due to the pharmacological actions of the drugs or to other physiological or psychological processes is unclear. Sleep disturbance is also common, although again direct links with the pharmacological actions of the withdrawn drug are yet to be established. Withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines and opiates is often associated with somatic symptoms. In the former two cases, these can involve sweating, tremor and occasionally seizures. Perceptual disturbances have also been reported. In the case of opiates, flu-like symptoms are often reported, including muscle aches and gastric disturbances. In the case of nicotine, heightened irritability has been established as a direct pharmacological withdrawal effect. Characterization of stimulant withdrawal is still uncertain. There is little evidence of somatic symptoms but depression may occur as a result of a physiological rebound. There is also uncertainty over what role pharmacological withdrawal symptoms play in maintaining compulsive use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Overview: a comparison of withdrawal symptoms from different drug classes. 784 60

Tremor is commonly the first neurologic sign of Parkinson's disease (PD) that leads patients to see a physician. Knowing how to differentiate the resting tremor of PD from essential tremor is an important diagnostic skill. Unlike patients with essential tremor, those with PD have other neurologic findings. A diagnosis of PD is likely if the patient has two of three major clinical features: resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Minor signs may also be seen, including cognitive slowing, speech abnormalities, depression, dysautonomia, and sleep disturbances. The history and physical exam can determine if the patient has parkinsonism and whether the cause is Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Tremor: how to determine if the patient has Parkinson's disease. 959 78


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