Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine which symptoms characterized isoproterenol-induced panic attacks, we analyzed the presence of panic attacks in 54 panic disorder patients who panicked, 24 patients who did not panic, and 37 controls who did not panic during isoproterenol infusions. The increases over the baseline of the symptoms shortness of breath and fear of going crazy were highly associated with panicking patients when compared to nonpanicking patients and nonpanicking controls. The increases of the symptoms trembling and shaking, generally nervous, and fear of going crazy were highly associated with patients when compared to controls. The possibility of a cognitive theory of panic attacks is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Somatic and psychological symptoms during isoproterenol-induced panic attacks. 219 75

The authors studied the response of 10 macaque monkeys to administration of sodium lactate, a panicogenic agent used in human panic disorder research, after treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam, or placebo. Both drugs effectively blocked the lactate-induced acute endogenous distress responses that had been reliably observed in the monkeys before drug treatment. Only alprazolam significantly reduced the occurrence of conditioned situational anxiety responses observed in the home cage. The alprazolam monkeys appeared to be sedated compared to the imipramine and placebo groups, and tremor and temporary exacerbation of anxious behaviors were observed during alprazolam withdrawal.
 ...
PMID:Imipramine and alprazolam treatment of lactate-induced acute endogenous distress in nonhuman primates. 210 42

beta-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs have been used for the treatment of acute stress reactions, adjustment disorders, generalised anxiety, panic disorder and agoraphobia. In general they are effective in these disorders if somatic or autonomic symptoms are prominent but not extreme in degree. Thus, they are of more value for the relatively mild tremor of the anxious violinist in public performance than in the severe shaking noticed during a panic attack. It is most likely that beta-blockers act primarily by blocking peripheral adrenergic beta-receptors; symptoms that are mediated through beta-stimulation, such as tremor and palpitations, are helped most. Improvement is noted within 1 to 2 hours and with relatively low doses (e.g. propranolol 40 mg/day). Some recent studies, however, have suggested that when longer treatment using higher doses (e.g. propranolol 160 mg/day) is given, improvement in other forms of anxiety is noted after several weeks of treatment. beta-blocking drugs are useful adjuncts to existing treatments for anxiety and are likely to enjoy wider use now that benzodiazepines are being avoided due to their dependence risks.
 ...
PMID:Current status of beta-blocking drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders. 290 81

Panic disorder is a chronic illness that affects at least 3 percent of the population. Panic disorder is associated with significant morbidity and an increased risk of suicide. Patients generally present with multiple somatic and psychologic complaints, including heart palpitations, chest pain, tremor, shortness of breath, choking, nausea or abdominal distress, dizziness, derealization, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, chills or hot flushes, headache, diarrhea, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and depression. To make the correct diagnosis, these symptoms must be evaluated carefully since they also occur with serious cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrinologic and neurologic disorders. Many effective treatments are available, including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and clonazepam, and psychotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Panic disorder. 748 99

Thalamic structures involved in the unpleasant emotional or affective aspect of pain are poorly understood. We now describe studies of the region of the thalamic principal somatosensory nucleus (Vc) performed before thalamotomy for tremor in a patient who also had panic disorder. Microstimulation in the region posterior to Vc evoked chest pain, including a strong affective dimension, almost identical to that occurring during his panic attacks, as measured using a questionnaire. Results in our other patients indicate that stimulation-associated pain with a strong affective dimension occurred only in those patients who had previously experienced spontaneous pain with a strong affective component. These results are consistent with stimulation-evoked activation of limbic structures, which are connected through cortex with the region posterior to Vc and involved in the affective dimension of pain through conditioning by previous experience.
 ...
PMID:Stimulation in the human somatosensory thalamus can reproduce both the affective and sensory dimensions of previously experienced pain. 758 11

Beta-adrenergic receptor kinetics were measured in leukocytes from 17 drug-free, nondepressed patients with social phobia (generalized type) and 17 gender-matched and age-matched healthy controls. Binding was characterized using the highly specific beta-adrenergic ligand [125I]pindolol (125IPIN). Contrary to some studies in panic disorder and many studies in depression, no significant difference was found in Bmax or Kd values between social phobic patients and controls. Neither severity of social phobic symptoms nor the severity of certain symptoms of beta-adrenergic activation (i.e., tachycardia, tremor, blushing) influenced Bmax or Kd. To the extent that these peripheral indices can be considered reflective of central processes, these findings suggest that a simple defect in beta-adrenoceptor number of affinity is unlikely to explain the pathophysiology of generalized social phobia.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors in social phobia. 839 92

Using cluster analysis of 207 patients with panic disorder (PD), we investigated the relationships between several panic symptoms at the time of panic attacks, which included anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobia, and 13 clinical symptoms based on the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual-III-Revised. Cluster analysis revealed three panic symptom clusters: cluster A (dyspnea, choking, sweating, nausea, flushes/chills); cluster B (dizziness, palpitations, trembling or shaking, depersonalization, agoraphobia, and anticipatory anxiety); and cluster C (fear of dying, fear of going crazy, paresthesias, and chest pain or discomfort). Generally, cluster A was comprised exclusively of physiological symptoms, among which respiratory symptoms were prominent, cluster B included both panic and non-panic symptoms such as agoraphobia and anticipatory anxiety, and cluster C was comprised chiefly of fear symptoms.
 ...
PMID:The symptom structure of panic disorder: a trial using factor and cluster analysis. 868 87

Anxiety is one of the common yet underdiagnosed mental health problems of Americans; as many as 20% of people seeking primary care have symptoms of treatable anxiety disorders. Untreated anxiety increases costly visits to urgent care. Clinicians need to screen for anxiety among patients at risk who have physical symptoms such as shortness of breath, nervousness, gastrointestinal upset, palpitations, muscle aches, tension, and insomnia. Other diagnostic clues include restlessness, nervousness, phobias, trembling, fatigue, and shaking. Onset typically occurs in the 20s but may occur at any age. Symptoms of two anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder, are discussed. A combination of treatments including antidepressant and anxiolytic medications, behavioral treatments, education (e.g., self-management, relaxation), and counseling (e.g., coping strategies) have high success rates; psychiatric consultations or referrals are useful.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder and generalized anxiety in primary care. 887 88

Panic disorder is a chronic and debilitating illness. In this article, we present an algorithm of the diagnosis and treatment of the illness. We place much importance upon the patient variables associated with the treatment decisions. We emphasize strong patient involvement in treatment as a way to become panic free and improve level of functioning. Panic disorder is defined in DSM-IV1 as "The presence of recurrent panic attacks followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having another panic attack, worry about the possible implications or consequences of the panic attack, or a significant behavioral change related to the attacks." A panic attack is defined as "a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort, in which four or more of the following symptoms developed abruptly and reached a peak within 10 minutes." 1) Palpitations, pounding heart or accelerated heart rate; 2) sweating; 3) trembling or shaking; 4) sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; 5) feeling of choking; 6) chest pain or discomfort; 7) nausea or abdominal distress; 8) feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed or faint; 9) derealization or depersonalization; 10) fear of losing control or going crazy; 11) fear of dying; 12) paresthesias; 13) chills or hot flashes. The following hypotheses have been used to conceptualize panic disorder from a psychiatrist's perspective.
 ...
PMID:Panic disorder: a different perspective. 949 26

By using data from the Bremer Adolescent Study, this report presents findings on the frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of panic disorder and panic attacks among 1,035 adolescents. The adolescents were randomly selected from 36 schools in the province of Bremen, Germany. Panic disorder and other psychiatric disorders were coded based on DSM-IV criteria using the computerized-assisted personal interview of the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Panic disorder occurred rather rare, with only 0.5% of all the adolescents met the DSM-IV criteria for this disorder sometimes in their live. Panic attack occurred more frequently, with 18% of the adolescents reported having had at least one panic attack. Slightly more girls than boys had panic attack and panic disorder. The occurrence of panic attack and panic disorder were the greatest among the 14-15 year olds. The experience of having a panic attack was associated with a number of problems, the most frequent being avoiding the situation for fear of having another attack. Four most common symptoms associated with a panic attack were that of palpitations, trembling/shaking, nausea or abdominal distress, and chills or hot flushes. Panic disorder comorbid highly with other psychiatric disorder covered in our study, especially with that of major depression. Among those with a panic disorder, about 40% of them were severely impaired during the worst episode of their illness. Only one out of five adolescents with panic disorder sought professional help for emotional and psychiatric problems. The implication of our findings for research and clinical practice are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Frequency of panic attacks and panic disorder in adolescents. 998 46


1 2 3 Next >>