Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of cattle with various stocks of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense indicated that 49% developed a fatal CNS disease comparable to that found in man. Duration of disease ranged from 85 to 1613 days post infection. All eight stocks of T. b. rhodesiense tested, including those from Ethiopia and Tanzania, induced CNS disease. Blood became positive three to five days after inoculation, and after an initial peak of parasitaemia remained positive for three to five months. Subinoculation of blood into rodents subsequently became negative, although trypanosomes persisted in the lymph nodes for at least 56 to 1613 days. Only animals with CNS disease had detectable parasites in the CSF, usually after the animals had undergone severe deterioration. At post mortem examination trypanosomes could usually be found in the lymph nodes and CSF, and occasionally in the blood. Clinical signs included fever, hyperkinesia, weight loss, cerebellar ataxia, tremor, salivation and hyperaesthesia. A mild to moderate anaemia accompanied a transient thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Animals subsequently developed leucocytosis. A pleocytosis and elevated total protein in the CSF was found, which persisted in some animals for long periods. Histopathological examination of the brain showed prominent generalized perivascular infiltrates consisting mainly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Mott's cells were regularly observed. Vascular changes were characterized by swollen endothelium, infiltration of the vascular wall by inflammatory cells, and in some instances perivascular oedema. In the most severe cases evidence of ischaemia consisted of large numbers of astrocytes, rarefaction of the parenchyma, and areas of necrosis with loss of normal architecture. Demyelination was limited to perivascular areas. Occasionally a moderate to severe pancarditis was found.
 ...
PMID:Experimental infection of cattle with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. 261 88

Infection rates were compared in Culex pipiens and Aedes taeniorhynchus after they fed on Rift Valley fever (RVF) viremic hamsters or ingested similar doses of RVF virus from blood-soaked pledgets. Infection rates were significantly lower for mosquitoes that ingested virus from a pledget than for those that ingested similar doses from viremic hamsters. The method used to prevent normal clot formation for the pledget feedings (i.e., defibrination by shaking with glass beads or addition of heparin) did not affect subsequent infection rates. Both inhibition of normal clot formation and freezing of virus after it had last been propagated were associated with significantly reduced infection rates with the pledget feedings. Laboratory studies using artificial feeding techniques may not give reliable estimates of the vector competence of mosquitoes for arboviruses.
 ...
PMID:Reduced Rift Valley fever virus infection rates in mosquitoes associated with pledget feedings. 320 78

Infections were considered to be etiological factors in 29 patients (10%) with infantile spasms; congenital CMV (n = 5), congenital or acquired CMV (n = 1), acquired CMV (n = 5), congenital rubella (n = 2), herpes simplex virus (n = 5), enterovirus (n = 1), adenovirus (n = 1), viral encephalitis of unknown agent (n = 3), meningococcus (n = 4), pneumococcus (n = 1) and pertussis (n = 1). The children with congenital infections had long-lasting tremor and convulsions from birth. Early EEG pattern was characteristic for children with herpes encephalitis but not for other patients. Infantile spasms appeared only some weeks after viral encephalitis. One patient with enterovirus and another with probable adenovirus infection had necrotic changes in their brain CT resembling those of herpes encephalitis. The response to ACTH was poor (38%) compared to the whole series (60%). The long-term outcome was also poor compared to the whole series; mental retardation in 90%, convulsions in 62%, abnormal EEG in 89%. Four children died during the follow-up of 7 years. Autopsy showed disseminated CMV infection in one patient and chronic CMV infection in another. The outcome of children with infectious etiology appears to be particularly poor. Thus, the prevention and specific diagnosis and treatment are important. Steroid therapy should be avoided in children with a history of herpes virus encephalitis (CMV, herpes simplex) in the past.
 ...
PMID:Infantile spasms: infectious disorders. 830 17

Hydroxyurea (HU) is generally regarded as an effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of the chronic myeloproliferative syndromes. It has rarely been implicated as a cause of drug fever. We report two patients with primary thrombocythaemia and one patient with polycythaemia vera who developed fever and shaking chills during treatment with HU. Infection was highly suspected and all patients were examined extensively. The fever subsided after discontinuation of therapy with this drug. However, the fever recurred within 1 day after rechallenge. The mechanism of HU-induced fever remained unclear, but the experience in our patients and the reviewed cases in the literature are highly suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction. Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse effect.
 ...
PMID:Fever caused by hydroxyurea: a report of three cases and review of the literature. 936 Apr 12

Border disease (BD) is a congenital virus disease of sheep and goats first reported in 1959 from the border region of England and Wales. BD virus (BDV) is a pestivirus in the genus Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Nearly all isolates of BDV are non-cytopathogenic (ncp) in cell culture. There are no defined serotypes but pestiviruses isolated from sheep exhibit considerable antigenic diversity and three distinct antigenic groups have been identified. Distribution of the virus is worldwide. Prevalence rates vary in sheep from 5 to 50% between countries and from region-to-region within countries. The disease in goats is rare and characterized by abortion. Clinical signs in sheep include barren ewes, abortions, stillbirths and the birth of small weak lambs. Affected lambs can show tremor, abnormal body conformation and hairy fleeces (so-called 'hairy-shaker' or 'fuzzy' lambs). Vertical transmission plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. Infection of fetuses can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) lambs. These PI lambs are viraemic, antibody negative and constantly excrete virus. The virus spreads from sheep to sheep with PI animals being the most potent source of infection. Apparently healthy PI sheep resulting from congenital infection can be identified by direct detection of viral antigen or viral RNA in leukocytes or by isolation of ncp virus from blood or serum in laboratory cell cultures. Isolation of virus is unreliable in lambs younger than 2 months old that have received colostral antibody. The isolation of virus from tissues of aborted or stillborn lambs is difficult but tissues from PI sheep contain easily detectable levels of virus. To detect the growth of virus in cell cultures it is essential to use an immune-labelling method. Acute infection is usually subclinical and viraemia is transient and difficult to detect. Sheep may also be infected following close contact with cattle excreting the closely related BVDV.
 ...
PMID:Border disease of sheep and goats. 968 45

The spectrum of movement disorders in the tropics is different from that seen in the industrialized nations of the west. This is not surprising given the unique combination of environmental and population characteristics in the tropics. Infections seldom encountered in the west such as tuberculous meningitis, typhoid fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, trypanosomiasis or cysticercosis are often seen in the tropics and with global patterns of travel and immigration these conditions are becoming more common worldwide. Movement disorders associated with these infections, HIV, slow virus and prion disease are discussed. Taking into account the diverse etiologies of movement disorders in the tropics, movement disorders with a nutritional basis such as the infantile tremor syndrome, seasonal ataxia and tropical ataxic neuropathy, and manganese neurotoxicity are also reviewed. Finally, certain special characteristics of ubiquitous disorders such as Parkinson's disease, and disorders with a genetic basis such as Wilson's disease and spinocerebellar degeneration are described.
 ...
PMID:Movement disorders in the tropics. 1247 95

We analyzed the experience of Unicamp Clinical Hospital with plasma exchange (PE) therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG). About 17.8 % of a totality of MG patients had PE performed: 26 cases, 19 women and seven men. The mean age-onset of MG was 28 years, extremes 11 and 69. Minimum deficit observed in the group was graded IIb (O & G) or IIIa (MGFA scale). One patient had prethymectomy PE. In seven the procedures were performed due to myasthenic crisis and in 18 patients due to severe myasthenic symptoms or exacerbation of previous motor deficit. Two patients were also submitted to chronic PE considering refractoriness to other treatments. Twenty-six patients had 44 cycles of PE and 171 sessions. The mean number of sessions was 3.9 (SD +/- 1.4) each cycle; median 5, extremes 2 and 6. The mean time by session was 106,5 minutes (SD +/- 35.2); median 100.5 (extremes of 55 and 215). The mean volume of plasma exchanged in each session was 2396 ml (SD +/- 561); median 2225 (extremes 1512 and 4500). Side effects occurred: reversible hypotension (seven cases), mild tremor or paresthesias (seven cases). Infection and mortality rates due to PE were zero. All patients had immediate benefit of each PE cycle and usually they also received prednisone or other immunosuppressors. Good acceptance of the procedure was observed in 80.7% of patients.
 ...
PMID:Plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: retrospective study of 26 patients. 1527 32

The scientific literature of the past century is reviewed on fowl plague (presently termed highly pathogenic avian influenza, HPAI) in pigeons. HPAI viruses cause epidemic disease outbreaks with high rates of losses in many avian species, particularily in chickens and turkeys. Also susceptible to disease are quails, guinea fowl, ducks, geese, ostriches, passerine birds, and birds of prey whereas conflicting reports on the susceptibility of the domestic pigeon exist. Based on literature reports and on own experiments, and applying as criteria for judgements clinically overt forms of disease, virus multiplication plus shedding and seroconversion, it is concluded that domestic pigeons are only partially susceptible to influenza A viruses of the haemagglutinin subtype H7. Infection of pigeons with H7 viruses results only in some of them in signs, virus shedding and seroconversion. Using the same criteria, pigeons appear to be even less susceptible to infection with influenza A viruses of the H5 subtype. Only one of five publications describe in 1/19 pigeons exposed to H5 influenza A virus depression one day before death, and only 2/19 multiplied and excreted virus, and 1/19 developed circulating antibodies. Consequently, pigeons play only a minor role in the epidemiology of H5 influenza viruses. In contrast, following infection with influenza A virus of the subtype H7 clinical signs in pigeons consist of conjunctivitis, tremor, paresis of wings and legs, and wet droppings. H7-infected pigeons multiply and excrete H7 viruses and develop circulating antibodies. Albeit of the status of infection, free-flying domestic pigeons can act as mechanical vectors and vehicles for long-distance transmission of any influenza A virus if plumage or feet were contaminated.
 ...
PMID:Review of the literature on avian influenza A viruses in pigeons and experimental studies on the susceptibility of domestic pigeons to influenza A viruses of the haemagglutinin subtype H7. 1564 16

Intraepithelial leukocytes (IELs) form an important component of the intestinal immune system. Several methods of preparing chicken IELs were compared for cell yield, cell populations, and functional activity against a natural killer (NK)-susceptible lymphoblastoid cell line (LSCC-RP9). In addition, an attempt was made to immortalize IELs by infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) for use in cell-trafficking studies. Intestinal fragments were incubated in 5 mM DL-dithiothreitol at 41 degrees C for 15 min followed by three 45 min incubations in 0.1 mM EDTA. Gentle shaking of the intestinal fragments every 5 min caused considerably less damage to the epithelial cell layer than slow stirring with a magnetic bar. The latter method yielded more cells, but these were not functionally active in the NK-cell assay. The more gentle method resulted in a lower cell yield, but these cells were able to lyse LSCC-RP9; the percentage of lymphocytes present was lower but these contained a higher proportion of large granular lymphocytes. Infection of IELs with REV did not immortalize these cells.
 ...
PMID:Preparation and characterization of chicken intraepithelial leukocytes. 1867 Oct 36

An 18-month-old European shorthair cat was presented with a two week history of progressive decrease in consciousness, ambulatory tetraparesis, moderate ataxia and generalised decreased-to-absent postural reactions. Bilateral facial and nasal hypalgesia, absent menace response and anisocoria were found, and segmental spinal reflexes were normal. Neurological signs progressed to nonambulatory tetraparesis, tremor and spinal hyperalgesia. Histopathological examination revealed a mild-to-moderate lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltration, predominantly in the dorsal spinal roots, cranial nerves and ganglia in association with marked demyelination and proliferation of Schwann cells. Neurons and axons were preserved. Lesions were multi-focal and varied in severity. A predominantly sensory polyganglioradiculoneuritis was diagnosed. This lesion has not been reported previously in cats. Rabies, herpesviruses, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency virus, Toxoplasma gondii and feline leukaemia virus were excluded as possible aetiologies. Infections by other viruses or an autoimmune disease are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Polyganglioradiculoneuritis in a young cat: clinical and histopathological findings. 1942 74


1 2 Next >>