Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In April 2014, a kidney transplant recipient in the United States experienced headache, diplopia, and confusion, followed by neurologic decline and death. An investigation to evaluate the possibility of donor-derived infection determined that 3 patients had received 4 organs (kidney, liver, heart/kidney) from the same donor. The liver recipient experienced tremor and gait instability; the heart/kidney and contralateral kidney recipients were hospitalized with encephalitis. None experienced gastrointestinal symptoms. Encephalitozoon cuniculi was detected by tissue PCR in the central nervous system of the deceased kidney recipient and in renal allograft tissue from both kidney recipients. Urine PCR was positive for E. cuniculi in the 2 surviving recipients. Donor serum was positive for E. cuniculi antibodies. E. cuniculi was transmitted to 3 recipients from 1 donor. This rare presentation of disseminated disease resulted in diagnostic delays. Clinicians should consider donor-derived microsporidial infection in organ recipients with unexplained encephalitis, even when gastrointestinal manifestations are absent.
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PMID:Three Cases of Neurologic Syndrome Caused by Donor-Derived Microsporidiosis. 2822 Jul 47

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a well-recognised disorder, first fully characterised in 2007. The long-term sequelae reported thus far include relapses with typical, as well as partial aspects of the well-defined neuropsychiatric syndrome. Rarely, isolated atypical symptoms (diplopia, ataxia and tremor) have been reported as relapse phenomenon. We report a case of a patient with a remote history of likely anti-NMDAR encephalitis with the longest follow-up reported in the literature to date (22 years). The relapse presentation was of a purely upper motor neuron syndrome with a primary lateral sclerosis-like picture.
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PMID:Primary lateral sclerosis-like picture in a patient with a remote history of anti-N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) antibody encephalitis. 2989 11

Toxoplasmosis encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus may progress rapidly with a potentially fatal outcome. Less common neurological symptoms associated with this are Parkinsonism, focal dystonia, rubral tremor and hemichorea-hemiballismus syndrome. A 58 year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and was admitted to the emergency service. Her medical history was unremarkable, except for frequent headaches in the last year, recurrent herpes simplex skin lesions and an episode of urticaria. A computer tomography scan showed supra and infra-tentorial lesions on suggestive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Both Toxoplasma gondii and HIV tests were positive. In the intensive care unit, antiparasitic and antiretroviral drugs were administered, and she recovered from the coma after six weeks but presented with tetraparesis, diplopia, and depression. The LCD4 count increased from 7 to 128/mm3. The neurological lesions slowly resolved over the next two months, although postural instability, rigidity, bradykinesia and predominantly left side tremor persisted. Mild improvement was achieved after the administration of levodopa. Associated Parkinsonian syndrome in HIV patients is a rare condition, explained by the location of the brain and basal ganglia lesions, and by the observed effect of Toxoplasma gondii which increases dopamine metabolism in neural cells. Early HIV diagnostic and treatment are necessary to prevent neurological disability.
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PMID:Parkinsonian Syndrome and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis. 2996 44

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurodegenerative disease with lesions involving the central nervous system. Clinical symptoms consist of disturbances in motor activity (e.g., weakness, spasticity, and tremor), sensory functioning (e.g., pain), visual functions (e.g., diplopia and optic neuritis), besides different cognitive (attention deficit and executive dysfunction) and behavioral abnormalities. This review aims to evaluate the role of VR tools in cognitive and motor rehabilitation of MS patients. Studies performed between 2010 and 2017 and fulfilling the selected criteria were searched on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Sciences databases, by combining the terms "VR rehabilitation" and "MS". Our findings showed that, following the use of VR training, MS patients presented a significant improvement in motor (especially gait and balance) and cognitive function (with regard to executive and visual-spatial abilities, attention and memory skills). This review supports the idea that rehabilitation through new VR tools could positively affect MS patients' outcomes, by boosting motivation and participation with a better response to treatment.
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PMID:Virtual reality in multiple sclerosis rehabilitation: A review on cognitive and motor outcomes. 3089 88

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects many people worldwide. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common and most studied type of epilepsy, but the pathological mechanisms underlying this condition are poorly understood. More than 20 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been developed and used for the treatment of epilepsy; however, 30% of patients still experience uncontrolled epilepsy and associated comorbidities, which impair their quality of life. In addition, various side effects have been reported for AEDs, such as drowsiness, unsteadiness, dizziness, blurred or double vision, tremor (shakiness), greater risk of infections, bruising, and bleeding. Thus, critical medical needs remain unmet for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. Flavonoids belong to a subclass of polyphenols that are widely present in fruits, vegetables, and certain beverages. Recently, many studies have reported that some flavonoids elicit various beneficial effects in patients with epilepsy without causing the side effects associated with conventional medical therapies. Moreover, flavonoids may have a property of regulating microRNA expression associated with inflammation and cell survival. These findings suggest that flavonoids, which are more effective but impose fewer adverse effects than conventional AEDs, could be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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PMID:Perspective: Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids as Alternative Medicines in Epilepsy. 3241 21

The aim of the present study was to investigate various aspects of tiagabine (TGB) effectiveness in Bulgarian patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. This open, prospective study recruited the patients with epilepsy attending the Clinic of Neurology at the University Hospital of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The patients completed diaries about the seizure frequency, severity, and adverse events. There were regular documented visits at 3 or 6 months during the first year of treatment with TGB and at 6 months or 1 year afterwards, with dynamic assessment of seizure frequency, severity, adverse events, and EEG recordings. TGB was applied as an add-on treatment in 43 patients (24 males, mean age 39 years). There was relatively mild and transient dynamic improvement of seizure severity, satisfactory seizure frequency reduction in 32.6% of participants, stable mean seizure frequency reduction (40-50%) from month 6 to month 24 and a stable response rate (52.3-50%) during the same period. New seizure types (myoclonic, myoclonic-atonic) occurred in 2 patients. The final clinical efficacy was higher in patients with initial monotherapy. There were adverse events (dizziness/vertigo, sedation, memory impairment, loss of appetite and weight, confusion, psychosis, insomnia, transient diplopia, lymphadenomegaly, rash, nausea, depression, anxiety, tremor of hands, unstable gait, legs edema, thrombocytopenia, cervical muscles tightening) in 26.19% of patients. In conclusion, TGB treatment is associated with low and transient improvement of seizure severity, good and stable improvement of seizure frequency, possible worsening of seizure control, possible appearance of new seizure types, and acceptable safety and tolerability.
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PMID:Various Aspects of Tiagabine Effectiveness as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Refractory Epilepsy. 3233 98


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