Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ancient Indian medical system, Ayurveda, meaning science of life, is the oldest system of medicine in the world. Epilepsy is defined as Apasmara: apa, meaning negation or loss of; smara, meaning recollection or consciousness. Aura was recognized and was called Apasmara Poorva Roopa. A large number of symptoms indicative of aura were listed. Worthy of mention are subjective sensation of sounds, sensation of darkness, feeling of delusion, and dream-like state. An actual attack of Apasmara includes falling down; shaking of the hands, legs, and body; rolling up of the eyes; grinding of the teeth; and foaming at the mouth. Four major types of epilepsy based on the disturbance of doshas (humors) that govern the physiological and physiochemical activities of the body are mentioned. Apasmara is considered a dangerous disease that is chronic and difficult to treat. Several causes are mentioned. Treatment included correcting the etiological factors and dietary regimen and avoiding dangerous places that may result in injuries.
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PMID:Epilepsy in ancient India. 159 22

Using the presence of widespread cortical Lewy bodies (LB) as the pathologic criteria of diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), we describe serial neurologic and mental status examinations in 6 patients with DLBD, 3 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 1 patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). The 6 patients with DLBD included 3 with neocortical neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) consistent with coincident AD. Most patients with DLBD had gait impairment concurrent with mild to moderate dementia. Abnormalities of tone or resting tremor were also prominent early symptoms in the subjects with DLBD, but not AD. Patients with DLBD frequently had abnormal EEGs with background posterior slowing and a frontally dominant burst pattern at the time of mild to moderate dementia. Agitation, hallucinations, and delusions were frequent early symptoms in DLBD patients. Patients with DLBD without concomitant AD had numerous Alz-50 negative cortical plaques. Patients with DLBD have a distinct clinical syndrome that can be differentiated from AD. Pathologic features, including the absence of Alz-50 immunoreactivity, also differentiate DLBD from AD.
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PMID:Antemortem diagnosis of diffuse Lewy body disease. 217 Aug 65

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic activity of Deprenyl in patients with Parkinson disease already being treated with L-Dopa + PDI. 15 selected patients were allocated to two groups according to clinical features and course of the disease, the first consisting of 9 patients with a mean disease duration of 5 years without any side-effects attributable to L-Dopa and the second of 6 patients with long-term illness (a mean disease duration of 8 years), side-effects and "on-off" phenomenon. All the patients of the first group completed the scheduled 10-week course of Deprenyl treatment obtaining a significant improvement on the baseline WRS scores, in tremor, in rigidity, in motility and a 30.5% reduction in the L-Dopa dose. The patients of the second group showed no significant modification of the symptoms; in 2 cases the treatment was discontinued due to acute delusional-hallucinatory disorders and deterioration of the involuntary movements. A more precise evaluation of Deprenyl activity in the L-Dopa syndrome will depend on further studies.
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PMID:Deprenyl in Parkinson disease: personal experience. 392 26

One hundred patients, aged between 60 and 92 years, were treated with tiapride for neurological disorders (abnormal movements, buccofacial dyskinesias, dopa therapy complications, ballism, eyelid tics, senile tremor, post-traumatic headache, delirium tremens), psychiatric disorders with more or less marked agitation and of various types (hysteria, depression, mood disturbances, hypochondria, delusions, hallucinations), or for mental deficiency, senile dementia, or arteriopathic dementia. Results were excellent, being satisfactory in 70 p. cent, and even more marked in some groups. Tolerance was very good, with some rare cases of somnolence. The efficacy and safety of tiapride makes it of particular value for treating neuropsychiatric disorders in geriatric patients.
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PMID:[Tiapride in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in the elderly (author's transl)]. 627 32

Thirty-four patients were submitted to the conventional cervical myelography by administration of metrizamide (Amipaque) through three routes (lumbar 23, suboccipital 6, C1-C2 lateral 5). After the injection of metrizamide (4-11 ml, 170-250 mgI/ml), all procedures of the cervical myelography were done as soon as possible within 9 minutes. The adverse reactions of Amipaque were observed in 29 cases (85%) out of 34 cases initially 1 hour after cervical myelography and disappeared completely in an average of 16 hours. The total number of the side effects was 140 incidences such as meningeal irritation (headache 18, nausea 17, vomiting 17), cerebellar signs (dizziness 11, dysarthria 8, tremor 5, bradylalia 2, dysmetria 2, tipsy feeling 2, dysdiadochokinesis 1), autonomic signs (flushing 7, pale face 4, fever 4, sweating 2, hiccup 2, fatigability 2, micturition disturbance 1), sensory signs (exacerbation of numbness 6, perioral numbness 3, back pain 1, chest pain 1), motor signs (focal muscle spasm 5, exacerbation of paresis 4, areflexia 1), psychiatric signs (dysphasia 3, disturbance of consciousness 2, euphoria 1, persecutory delusion 1) and muddiness 7. We observed that waxing and waning of side effects correlated tightly with transient cortical penetration of dye in CT and cortical dysfunction mainly slowing of the background activity and slow wave burst in EEG. According to high frequency of side effects in our study, we suggest that a greater incidence of side effects may result when high concentration of Amipaque comes in contact with the cerebral cortex by using an inadequate fluoroscopic table which has only fixed one plane image and rough positioning control. Slow absorption into blood stream may affect appearance and maintenance of side effects. In order to decrease side effects after Amipaque cervical myelography, we propose that we should introduce a mobile rotating chair coupled with high power image and chose C1-C2 lateral route using 1500-1700mgI of Amipaque.
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PMID:[Side effects of metrizamide (Amipaque) cervical myelography (author's transl)]. 711 May 15

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous entity presenting as sporadic and familial disease. In familial AD, there is evidence for genetic linkage to a yet undefined gene on chromosome 14 in early-onset pedigrees and on chromosome 19 in late-onset pedigrees. In a few early-onset kindreds, there were mutations in the amyloid precursor gene on chromosome 21. There is an increased frequency of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele in patients with late-onset AD. We studied the clinical presentation and profile of cognitive deficits in 58 AD patients at the early stage of the disease. We divided the AD patients into subgroups of sporadic late-onset (SLO) (> or = 65 years), familial late-onset (FLO) (> or = 65 years), sporadic early-onset (SEO) (<65 years), and familial early-onset (FEO) (<65 years) patients and into three subgroups according to their ApoE genotype zero epsilon4, one epsilon4, and two epsilon4 alleles. The AD subgroups did not differ in the global clinical severity of dementia or the duration of the disease. SLO, FLO, SEO, and FEO subgroups did not differ in clinical characteristics such as occurrence of rigidity, hypokinesia, tremor, myoclonus, hallucinations, delusions, or epileptic seizures nor in the profile of deficits on tests assessing memory, language, visuospatial, executive, and praxic functions. The epsilon4++ allele frequency was 0.43 for all AD patients and did not differ across subgroups divided according to the familial aggregation and age of onset. Patients with two epsilon4 alleles had earlier age at onset of dementia than those with no epsilon4 allele (63 +/- 9 versus 68 +/- 9 years), but otherwise the clinical symptoms and signs were not related to the ApoE genotype. However, the AD patients with two epsilon 4 alleles had lowest scores on memory tests and differed significantly from those with one or zero epsilon4 allele in the delayed list learning (p<0.05) and from those with zero epsilon4 allele in the immediate and delayed story recall. In contrast, verbal functions were better preserved in two epsilon4 patients than in those with other ApoE genotypes. This study failed to confirm the earlier reports of severe aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia in familial AD patients, but the clinical phenotype was similar irrespective to the familial aggregation. However, AD patients with two epsilon4 alleles are characterized by more severe memory loss and earlier age of onset than those without the epsilon4 allele.
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PMID:Clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: relation to apolipoprotein E polymorphism. 861 4

We compared clinical features in three groups of pathologically defined patients evaluated for dementia during life: (i) Alzheimer's disease (AD); (ii) Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's Disease (LBV), with Lewy bodies (LB) and AD; (iii) diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), with LB alone. All three groups had similar initial cognitive symptoms. LBV and DLBD had Parkinsonian signs, though resting tremor was extremely rare. Delusions and hallucinations were relatively more frequent in LBV and DLBD than in AD. On neuropsychological testing, the LBV group had relatively greater impairment than AD on visuospatial and executive tests. LB therefore contribute to the clinical picture of dementia.
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PMID:Clinical and neuropathological findings in Lewy body dementias. 881 93

Parkinsonism occurs frequently in the patients with Alzheimer type dementia (ATD). The frequency ranges from 9% to 100% of ATD patients, depending on samples, clinical instruments and stages of illness. Several studies have described that rigidity and hypokinesia are the most prevalently observed signs of parkinsonism, and that resting tremor is less. The clinical progress of patients with parkinsonism is more rapid than those of patients without parkinsonism. Patients with parkinsonism are frequently associated with psychiatric symptoms such as depression and delusion. The pathogenesis of parkinsonism in ATD remains to be elucidated, but it should be noted that some cases with parkinsonism correlates with Parkinson's disease pathologic condition, and some have diffuse Lewy body disease.
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PMID:[Parkinsonism in Alzheimer's disease]. 901 40

The difficulty in differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, also called Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) from other related disorders was the incentive for a study to determine the clinical features that best distinguish PSP. Logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis (CART) were used to analyse data obtained at the first visit from a sample of 83 patients with a clinical history of parkinsonism or dementia confirmed neuropathologically, including PSP (n = 24), corticobasal degeneration (n = 11), Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 11), diffuse Lewy body disease (n = 14). Pick's disease (n = 8) and multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 15). Supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, moderate or severe postural instability and falls during the first year after onset of symptoms classified the sample with 9% error using logistic regression analysis. The CART identified similar features and was also helpful in identifying particular attributes that separate PSP from each of the other disorders. Unstable gait, absence of tremor-dominant disease and absence of a response to levodopa differentiated PSP from PD. Supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, gait instability and the absence of delusions distinguished PSP from diffuse Lewy body disease. Supranuclear vertical gaze palsy and increased age at symptom-onset distinguished PSP from MSA. Gait abnormality, severe upward gaze palsy, bilateral bradykinesia and absence of alien limb syndorme separated PSP from corticobasal degeneration. Postural instability successfully classified PSP from Pick's disease. The present study may help to minimize the difficulties neurologists experience when attempting to classify these disorders at early stages.
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PMID:Which clinical features differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) from related disorders? A clinicopathological study. 905 98

This study reports the case of a 16-year-old male who presented with a history of prominent psychotic symptoms and paranoid delusions which overshadowed subtle signs and symptoms of cognitive and motor dysfunction. Intensive neurobehavioral and biochemical investigations eventually led to the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC), an autosomal recessively inherited storage disease that is associated with the accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes and difficulties in the processing of exogenously derived cholesterol. Clues to the presence of a neurological disorder included: a history of insidiously declining academic and athletic performance which antedated the onset of psychosis; abnormalities on mental status examination, including psychomotor slowing, memory difficulties, and impairment of higher attentional functions; physical findings of subtle downgaze impairment, mild symmetrical hyperreflexia, and lower-extremity hypertonia with flexor plantar responses, marked impairment of upper-extremity rapid alternating movements, action tremor, and bilateral posturing with stress gait maneuvers. This case demonstrates the importance of careful and persistent neurodiagnostic evaluation in adolescents with psychotic presentations, particularly when cognitive and motor deterioration is suspected, and even when head CT and MRI scans are judged to be normal.
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PMID:Psychosis as a presentation of physical disease in adolescence: a case of Niemann-Pick disease, type C. 948 3


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