Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sensory abnormalities and changes in spontaneous behavior were examined after a photochemically induced ischemic lesion of the rat sciatic nerve. Male adult rats were anesthetized and the sciatic nerve was exposed. After the intravenous injection of a photosensitizing dye, erythrosin B, the exposed nerve was irradiated just proximal to the nerve trifurcation with light from an argon laser. Three different irradiation times were used, 30 s, 1 and 2 min. In sham-operated rats, the exposed sciatic nerve was irradiated for 2 min without prior injection of the erythrosin B. Rats were tested for the presence of mechanical, cold and heat allodynia or hyperalgesia. All the animals in the 1- and 2-min irradiation groups developed mechanical, cold and heat allodynia after nerve irradiation. A significant dose-dependent effect of laser exposure time was observed for all modalities tested (2 min > 1 min > 30 s = sham). The maximum effects were observed at 3 and 7 days postirradiation and remained present for up to 10 weeks. No significant contralateral effects were observed in any of the groups. In three separate groups of rats (1, 2 and 4 min of laser exposure), the presence of possible signs of spontaneous pain (paw shaking, paw elevation and freezing behavior) was tested. A significant and exposure time-dependent increase in spontaneous paw elevation and paw shaking was observed which was maximal at week 1, but resolved at 4 weeks (4 min > 2 min > 1 min > sham). In addition, animals in all ischemic groups, but not in the sham group, showed a significant increase in freezing behavior up to 4 weeks after nerve irradiation. Light microscopic evaluation of nerves removed 7 days post-irradiation, i.e. when maximal allodynia was observed, showed clear evidence of demyelination of large myelinated fibers. These data indicate that photochemically-induced peripheral nerve ischemia is associated with abnormal pain-related behaviors, including mechanical, thermal and cold allodynia and signs of spontaneous pain. The incidence and severity of the behavioral changes are clearly dependent on the exposure time and are probably due to, at least in part, a demyelinaton. These results partly confirm previous data using a similar technique and suggest that this may represent a new animal model for peripheral neuropathy of ischemic origin. The advantages of the present model are its good reproducibility and the fact that the nerve injury can be easily quantified and graded.
 ...
PMID:Photochemically-induced ischemia of the rat sciatic nerve produces a dose-dependent and highly reproducible mechanical, heat and cold allodynia, and signs of spontaneous pain. 969 58

To establish a quicker preparation procedure for cryoprecipitate (Cryo) from a patient's autologous plasma, to be used as fibrin glue, we examined the effects of various conditions on the concentrations and yields of coagulation factors in Cryo. Human plasma from healthy volunteers was divided and treated under various freezing, shaking and defrosting conditions. The concentrations of fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibronectin, and factor XIII in Cryo were then measured. Results were as follows: (1) concentrations and yields of plasma components in Cryo obtained from plasma stored at -20 degrees C were significantly higher than those in Cryo from plasma stored at -80 degrees C; (2) shaking at 70 cycles/min during the freezing process had a favorable effect on the concentrations and yields of coagulation factors in the Cryo; (3) a shaking thaw process in a cold water bath was a rapid method for obtaining adequate yields of coagulation factors; (4) shaking in the defrosting process did not affect the yields of coagulation factors. These results indicated that Cryo containing high concentrations of coagulation factors could be prepared easily and rapidly from a patient's autologous plasma (within 4-5 h).
 ...
PMID:A quicker preparation method for autologous fibrin glue. 988 57

Theophylline toxicity has been recognized since its introduction into clinical medicine. Clarithromycin is a new oral macrolide antibiotic with excellent antibacterial activity and rare adverse effect. Patients with upper respiratory infection are often treated with theophylline and clarithromycin concurrently. We report a case of acute renal failure due to acute rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin. A 72-year-old man visited our hospital because of coughing and a sore throat continuing for 1 week. He was diagnosed as having the common cold with a bronchial asthmatic symptom and was prescribed 200 mg/day of sustained-release theophylline for the treatment of asthma for 7 days. One week later, he visited our hospital again. Radiographic study of the chest revealed mild interstitial pneumonia and 200 mg/day of sustained-release theophylline and 400 mg/day of clarithromycin were administrated concomitantly. Five days after the second visit, the patient was admitted to our hospital because of generalized twitching, muscular weakness, high fever and serious general condition. He experienced generalized muscular twitching and tremor. Blood urea nitrogen was 106.1 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 7.4 mg/dl, serum creatinine kinase (CK) was 36,000 IU/l (normal 15-130 IU/l), CK isozyme revealed the following ratio: BB 0%, MB 1% and MM 99%. He was diagnosed as having acute renal failure with rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin. Hemodialysis therapy was started. After 5 weeks, his serum creatinine was markedly decreased. It is well-known that clarithromycin enhances the serum concentration of theophylline by inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent pathway in hepatocytes. Theophylline toxicity may be enhanced when clarithromycin is administrated concomitantly, especially to elderly patients with dehydration.
 ...
PMID:[A case of acute renal failure with rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin]. 1044 97

It is particularly difficult to isolate porcine islets (PI). Experience suggests that the success rate of porcine islet isolation (PII) is probably considerably influenced by the distension and digestion of the pancreas. In this study, we divided the digestion procedure into two stages and developed a new enzyme solution to improve both the distension and digestion procedures. As a result, we established a novel and stable method of large-scale adult porcine islet isolation (APII). The harvested pancreata of 2-year-old pigs weighing over 200 kg (n = 18) were distended by introducing our new enzyme solution gently and slowly through the pancreatic ducts. Two-stage digestion (cold, then warm) was then performed by first placing the distended pancreata on ice for 2 h to cause diffusion of the enzyme solution around the islets, and then by incubating the pancreata in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 45 min without shaking. The islets were purified by a COBE 2991 cell processor on dextran T70 discontinuous density gradients. Histological study was performed on porcine pancreata sampled after 0, 15, 30, and 45 min of the second stage, and stained with H&E stain. Next, islet equivalent was calculated. Static incubation study was performed by stimulating the islets with 3.3 and 16.7 mM glucose in Krebs' Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRBB) solution at 37 degrees C for 1 h, and finally the insulin released was measured. The dilated acinar cells septa around the islets were observed at time 0. Destruction of the acinar cells around the islets by warm digestion was recognized at 15 and 30 min, and destroyed and separated acinar cells present around the islets at 45 min. During the entire course of the warm digestion, the islets remained intact. The number of isolated islets was 291,667 +/- 240,452 IEQ/pancreas (n = 14) and 3,294 +/- 2199 IEQ/g of pancreatic tissue. The purity of recovered porcine islets was over 90%. The concentration of the insulin secreted by 10,000 IEQ islets selected at random was 83.9 +/- 13.4 microU/dish/h in response to 3.3 mM glucose and 104.1 +/- 12.9 microU/dish/h in response to 16.7 mM glucose (n = 20). A success rate of approximately 80% was attained with APII. We demonstrated that this increase in the success rate was due to the improved distension and digestion provided by this method. This two-stage APII method with its new enzyme solution may facilitate the future use of porcine islets in clinical xenotransplantation trials.
 ...
PMID:Novel method for isolation of adult porcine pancreatic islets with two-stage digestion procedure. 1047 19

A 36-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital, because of facial palsy, ophthalmoplegia, cerebellar ataxia, and rhythmic myoclonus of the neck. About a few weeks before admission, she developed symptoms of common cold and general fatigue. Her laboratory data were unremarkable, and her CSF was normal. Serum levels of antibodies to gangliosides were within normal limits. Her MRIs of the brain and neck were normal. Both somatosensory evoked cortical potential study and auditory evoked brainstem response study were normal. She was diagnosed as postinfectious brainstem encephalitis, and the administration of corticosteroid was started. After the treatment, her symptoms improved. To our knowledge, it is rare to see myoclonus to the neck without palatal tremor in patients with brainstem encephalitis.
 ...
PMID:[Rhythmic involuntary movement of the neck in a patient with brainstem encephalitis]. 1065

Early diagnosis is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In order to describe neurological symptoms which characterize CRPS, we evaluated 145 patients prospectively. Two-thirds of these were women, the mean age at time of investigation was 50.4 years. CRPS followed limb trauma, surgery and nerve lesion. Employing the current IASP criteria 122 patients were classified as CRPS I and 23 as CRPS II. All patients were assessed clinically pain was quantified using the McGill pain questionnaire, skin temperature was measured by an infrared thermometer and a subgroup of 57 patients was retested in order to determine thermal thresholds (QST). Of our patients 42% reported stressful life events in a close relationship to the onset of CRPS and 41% had a history of chronic pain before CRPS. The latter group of patients gave a higher rating of CRPS pain (P<0.05). The major symptoms were pain at rest in 77% and hyperalgesia in 94%. Typical pain was deep in the limb having a tearing character. Patients getting physical therapy had significantly less pain than those without (P<0.04). Autonomic signs were frequent (98%) and often changed with the duration of CRPS. Skin temperature was warmer in acute and colder in chronic stages (P<0.001). Likewise edema had a higher incidence in acute stages (P<0.001). We found no correlation between pain and autonomic dysfunction. Motor dysfunction (present in 97%) included weakness, tremor, exaggerated tendon reflexes, dystonia or myoclonic jerks. QST revealed increased warm perception thresholds (P<0.02) and decreased cold pain thresholds (P<0.03) of the affected limb. The detailed knowledge of clinical features of CRPS could help physicians early to recognize the disease and thus to improve therapy outcome.
 ...
PMID:Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes--analysis of 145 cases. 1077 May 24

Hand therapists may notice a patient's tremor when treating another diagnostic problem, such as arthritis or a fracture. In these instances, the tremor may become apparent as the patient attempts to don or doff a splint or to practice a home exercise program, or it may be reported in terms of difficulty with dressing or eating. The authors hypothesized that limb cooling would temporarily improve hand function among patients with essential tremor (ET) and that limb warming would temporarily improve hand function among patients with resting tremor secondary to Parkinson disease (PD). Twenty patients with ET and 20 patients with PD completed this single-blind randomized crossover study. Scores following exposure to cold water were compared with scores following exposure to warm water. For patients with ET, subtest scores for the Archimedes spiral, simulated feeding, and checkers were, statistically, significantly lower (i.e., improved) following exposure to cold water than following exposure to warm water; scores for Archimedes spiral card turning, simulated feeding, and checkers were significantly lower following exposure to cold water than at baseline. Scores for Archimedes spiral and card turning were also significantly lower following exposure to warm water than at baseline. For patients with PD, no statistically significant differences were noted between treatments or from baseline except the score for small common objects, which was lower (improved) following exposure to warm water than at baseline. The significant findings from this study support the therapeutic use of cooling to temporarily decrease tremor, thereby improving hand function among patients with ET.
 ...
PMID:The effect of temperature on hand function in patients with tremor. 1112 53

Pregnant Sprague--Dawley rats were treated once daily with 40-mg/kg cocaine or saline from gestation days (GD) 12 to 21. A third group of pregnant dams was used as a pairfed control. Male and female offspring were examined for stress endurance response as determined by the cold-water swim test on postnatal days (PND) 21, 30, 40, and 60. Male and female offspring exposed to cocaine in utero were found to have diminished tolerance and altered hormonal response to stress. Moreover, prenatal cocaine exposure has been associated with significant increases in severity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 35 mg/kg) behavioral responses (tail twitches, wetdog shaking, and convulsion) as compared to control. Examining the experimental groups for pain sensitivity using the tail-flick and the hot-plate methods indicated that prenatal cocaine exposure altered pain sensitivity. NMDA receptor binding studies showed an increase in receptor density in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the cocaine-treated group. These results indicate that gestational cocaine exposure is associated with long-term alterations in response to stress, NMDA receptor, and pain sensitivity in the rat offspring.
 ...
PMID:Altered responsiveness to stress and NMDA following prenatal exposure to cocaine. 1123 96

Modification of the dissolution rate and, thus, the enhancement of the bioavailability of a dopaminergic drug, piribedil, which has a low aqueous solubility and short elimination half-life have been the aim in this study. Preparations of micron and submicron particles using solid lipid carriers have been performed for this purpose. For the avoidance of solvent residues resulting from the preparation technique, cold and hot homogenization methods have been used to prepare solid lipid particles. After obtaining an appropriate particle size, piribedil loading and preparation yield by the use of those two methods, various formulations have been prepared with different lipid, drug and surfactant materials. The factors mentioned were found to affect properties of the particles, and the release rate was found to be the fastest in acidic medium. Suspensions of pure piribedil and a formulation, selected according to the results obtained from in vitro dissolution and particle size experiments, were compared using tremor tests in mice. The same suspensions were applied perorally to rabbits and bioavailability of the solid lipid particle was found to be higher than the pure piribedil. After an in vitro-in vivo evaluation of piribedil solid lipid particles developed for Parkinson's disease therapy, it has been determined that release rate could be controlled and piribedil bioavailability could be improved.
 ...
PMID:Formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of piribedil solid lipid micro- and nanoparticles. 1130 26

We evaluated human physiological responses and the performance of manual tasks during exposure to severe cold (-25 degrees C) at night (0300-0500 hours) and in the afternoon (1500-1700 hours). Thirteen male students wearing standard cold protective clothing occupied a severely cold room (-25 degrees C) for 20 min, and were then transferred to a cool room (10 degrees C) for 20 min. This pattern of exposure was repeated three times, for a total time of exposure to extreme cold of 60 min. The experiments were started either at 1500 hours or 0300 hours and measurements of rectal temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure, performance in a counting task, hand tremor, and subjective responses were made in each condition. At the end of the experiment at night the mean decrease in rectal temperature [0.68 (SEM 0.04) degree C] was significantly greater than that at the end of the experiment in the afternoon [0.55 (SEM 0.08) degree C, P < 0.01]. After the second cold exposure at night the mean increase in diastolic blood pressure [90 (SEM 2.0) mmHg] was significantly greater than that at the end of the second cold exposure in the afternoon [82 (SEM 2.8) mmHg, P < 0.01]. At the end of the second cold exposure at night, mean finger skin temperature [11.8 (SEM 0.8) degrees C] was significantly higher than that at the comparable time in the afternoon [9.0 (SEM 0.7) degrees C, P < 0.01]. Similarly for the toe, mean skin temperature at the start of the second cold exposure at night [25.6 (SEM 1.5) degrees C] was significantly higher than in the afternoon [20.1 (SEM 0.8) degrees C, P < 0.01]. The increased skin temperatures in the periphery resulted in increased heat loss. Since peripheral skin temperatures were highest at night, the subjects noted diminished sensations of thermal cold and pain at that time. Manual dexterity at the end of the first cold exposure at night [mean 83.7 (SEM 3.6) times.min-1] had decreased significantly more than at the end of the first cold exposure in the afternoon [mean 89.4 (SEM 3.5) times.min-1, P < 0.01]. These findings of a lowered rectal temperature and diminished manual dexterity suggest that there is an increased risk of both hypothermia and accidents for those who work at night.
 ...
PMID:Physiological responses and manual performance in humans following repeated exposure to severe cold at night. 1137 19


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>