Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experiments on cats cold tremor and tremor induced by oxotremorine injection into the caudate nucleus (caudate tremor) were compared. According to the data obtained from the analysis of motor unit discharges, a conclusion is made that both models may be regarded as analogs of physiological tremor. Selective inhibition of caudate tremor by scopolamine hydrobromide does not support the suggestion that it can serve as a model of pathological postural tremor.
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PMID:[Comparative neurophysiologic characteristics of cold and caudate tremor]. 727 47

Ohio HeLa cells in multichamber slides were inoculated with nasal samples from patients presenting with common cold symptoms and incubated at 33 degrees C with gentle shaking for 48 hours. The cultures were fixed with cold acetone, and viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence using an antirhinovirus type 2 (HRV-2) polyclonal serum. Of 158 samples, 58 (36.7%) and 57 (36%) were positive for HRV by virus isolation (confirmed by acid lability test) and by culture-amplified immunofluorescent (CAIF) test, respectively. The correlation between the two tests was highly significant (P = 0.0001). Nasal washings or nasal/throat swabs were equally suitable for detecting virus by isolation but not by CAIF. On the other hand, nasal washings were better than nasal/throat swabs for detecting HRV by CAIF. In an ELISA system, the polyclonal anti-HRV-2 serum recognized a rhinovirus antigen expressed in situ within 48 hr postinfection by all the 11 HRV serotypes investigated. However, 60 hr postinfection, the anti-HRV-2 serum recognized only homologous and closely related HRV antigens. These results suggest that a rhinovirus "common" antigen may be expressed some 48 hr after infection of Ohio HeLa cells with rhinoviruses. The CAIF test provides a sensitive, rapid and reliable procedure to detect wild-type rhinovirus infection as well as a clear alternative to detection by isolation.
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PMID:Rapid culture-amplified immunofluorescent test for the detection of human rhinoviruses in clinical samples: evidence of a common epitope in culture. 751 13

The incidence of shivering in women during epidural analgesia in labour is up to 33%, and may be highly distressing. Its mechanism is unclear, but the most widely held theory is that it is thermogenic. Pharmacological suppression may adversely effect the foetus or induce maternal hypothermia, and although physical remedies such as direct heat application are effective, they are also expensive and cumbersome. We recently found that the space blanket, a simple aluminised metallic foil, used pre-emptively, reduces shivering after general anaesthesia. We investigated the effect of the space blanket on the incidence and intensity of shivering, axilliary skin temperature, and subjective perception of cold during epidural analgesia for labour in 50 women over a four-hour time frame. Patients were randomised into group 1, who were wrapped in a space blanket immediately after commencement of epidural analgesia with bupivacaine, and group 2 (matched controls). Shivering was defined as visible tremor of the head, neck, trunk or limbs as observed by the attending midwives. Twenty-nine percent of group 1 and 35% of group 2 shivered (not significant), but a reduction in shivering intensity was observed in group 1 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in skin temperatures in either group, and no significant temperature change within the groups. Both groups had similar thermal comfort scores throughout the study, which correlated poorly with the presence of shivering. We conclude that there is no benefit in application of the space blanket to reduce epidural-analgesia related shivering in labour, which may indicate a non-thermogenic mechanism for this phenomenon.
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PMID:The space blanket and shivering during extradural analgesia in labour. 872 78

Subjects were 10 workers (Group R) working in two cold storages (air temperature was between -20 degrees C and -23.2 degrees C), and eight workers (Group C) working in a general storehouse (air temperature was between 12 degrees C and 15.2 degrees C). They were all male workers operating forklift-trucks. Average (SE) age for Group R was 41.4(1.3) years and for Group C was 47.3(1.6) years. Hand tremor, handgrip strength, pinch strength, counting task, flicker value, peak flow rate and blood pressure were measured five times (before work, at 10 a.m., before lunch, at 3 p.m. and after work) per day. Blood samples were collected before lunch. Free fatty acid (FFA) of Group R was significantly higher than that of Group C. There were no significant differences in handgrip strength, pinch strength, counting task, flicker value and peak flow rate between Group R and Group C. However, changes in hand tremor and diastolic blood pressure for Group R were significantly greater than those for Group C. Only for Group R, there was a significant relationship between FFA and the hand tremor values measured the second time. Work loads of Group R would be increased by not only the extreme coldness but also large temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the cold storages. The actual forklift work in these cold storages did not cause a distinct reduction in manual performance, but caused an increase in stress which would be expressed as an increase in catecholamine excretion.
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PMID:Physiological reaction and manual performance during work in cold storages. 774 87

We studied 31 patients with cervical spondylotic amyotrophy. Weakness and atrophy without prominent sensory changes were started from the proximal muscles in 16 patients (proximal type), and from the distal muscles in 15 patients (distal type). In both types, the age at onset of neurological symptom ranged from thirties to sixties, and men were more frequently affected than women. Distal type patients often presented cold paresis and/or postural finger tremor, which occasionally was the initial symptom. Two patients of proximal type had muscular atrophy extended to the distal end. None of distal type patients had extension of atrophy to the proximal muscles during a long course of their illness. Most patients of proximal type had neurogenic changes on electromyography extended to the distal muscles. Neuroradiologically, proximal type patients had a cord atrophy at C4/5 intervertebral level, and distal type had cord atrophy at C5/6,6/7. We assume that the responsible lesion for the cervical spondylotic amyotrophy is in anterior horn at C5-T1 cord level for the proximal type, and at C7-T1 for the distal type. Abnormal venous circulation within the cord may cause the selective involvement of the gray matter.
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PMID:[Clinical difference between "proximal" and "distal" type of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy]. 778 Dec 30

There is a new, potentially fatal disorder that is infrequently reported. The apparent rareness may be because of a lack of recognition of the syndrome or its predisposing factors. Fluoxetine (Prozac, Dista Products Co, Division of Eli Lilly Co, Indianapolis, IN), sertraline (Zoloft, Roerig Division, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY), and paroxetine (Paxil, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) belong to a new class of antidepressant medication: the serotonin reuptake-inhibitors (SRIs). The relative safety profile of the SRIs has led to their widespread use. However, a syndrome of excessive serotonergic activity, the "serotonin syndrome" (SS), has recently been recognized. It is characterized by changes in mental status, hypertension, restlessness, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, shivering, and tremor. A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis in these acutely ill patients. The most common agents implicated in SS are the monoamine oxidase inhibitors in combination with L-tryptophan or fluoxetine. A case of a patient with significant peripheral vascular disease who developed SS while taking paroxetine and an over-the-counter cold medicine is reported. There have been no prior reports of this interaction. Discontinuation of the offending agents, sedation, and supportive care are the mainstays of treatment. The interactions of serotonin with platelets and vascular endothelium are also discussed.
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PMID:The serotonin syndrome associated with paroxetine, an over-the-counter cold remedy, and vascular disease. 766 67

This paper reports the DHE substitution clinical trial in 38 heroin addicts. The CINA (Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment) scale was used to assess physical dependence potential. The CINA scale contains 10 opioid withdrawal signs (nausea, vomiting, gooseflesh, sweating, restlessness, tremor, larcrimation, nasal congestion, yawning, changes in heart rate and systolic blood pressure) and 3 opiate withdrawal symptoms (abdominal pain, muscle pain and feeling hot or cold). For each subject admitted to the Drug Detoxification and Treatment Center his (her) status on each of the 13 items of CINA were immediately rated. Then, naloxone 0.4 mg was injected iv to precipitate withdrawal symptoms and at 5, 10, 15 min after the naloxone injection, the CINA score of each patient was rated again. The differences among the scores of pre- and post-naloxone injection is a measurement of the degree of withdrawal symptoms. Then, a single dose of DHE was administered sublingually to each patient, all withdrawal symptoms disappeared. These results show that DHE can compete with naloxone for opioid receptors. A good dose-response relationship was found between the 100% suppressive withdrawal sign doses of DHE and the degree of withdrawal sign in heroin addicts. The physical dependence potential of DHE given to heroin addicts sublingually was probably more than that of methadone given to heroin addicts orally by making reference to the report of Dr. Peachy.
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PMID:[Clinical assessment of physical dependence potential of dihydroetorphine hydrochloride (DHE)]. 797 40

The effects of acute hypercapnia on human thermoregulation during cold exposure were investigated by immersion of eight male subjects to the neck in a 15 degrees C water bath until their core temperatures dropped to 35 degrees C or until 1 h of immersion had elapsed. Air was inspired throughout each experiment, with the exception of a 15-min period commencing with the attainment of an esophageal temperature (Tes) of 36.5 degrees C, during which subjects inspired a gas mixture containing 4% CO2, 20% O2, and 76% N2. Oxygen uptake (VO2, L.min-1), inspired minute ventilation (Vi, L.min-1), esophageal temperature (Tes, degrees C), rectal temperature (Tre, degrees C), mean unweighted skin temperature (Tsk, degrees C), mean heat flux (Q, W.m-2), and electromyographic activity (EMG, mV) of the trapezius and masseter muscles were recorded continuously. VO2 and integrated EMG activity (IEMG) were used as the primary indicators of shivering thermogenesis. Shivering EMG was attenuated immediately following the switch of the inhaled gas mixture from air to 4% CO2. For both the masseter and trapezius muscles the IEMG was significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) during the hypercapnic period. The IEMG values preceding the switch to the hypercapnic mixture were 15% greater than those during the CO2 period. Similarly, IEMG values in the post-CO2 period were 55% greater than during the CO2 period. It is concluded that acute periods of hypercapnia during cold exposure may result in transient suppression of shivering tremor, but this does not appear to affect thermal balance, as reflected in the absence of any significant effect on Tes.
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PMID:Shivering thermogenesis during acute hypercapnia. 806 70

The effect of 806 microstimulations were observed in 16 patients with movement disorders, dystonia (DA, n = 6) and tremor (TR, n = 10). Among the 347 sites in DA patients motor response was seen at 29 sites, the response with increased dystonia was seen at 28 sites. The effect could be seen at 14 sites (50%) in ventrointermedialis (Vim), five sites (18%) in ventrocaudalis (Vc) and five sites (18%) in white matter (Wm). As for the other four sites, one site was in ventraloralis anterior (Voa), two sites in ventraloralis posterior (Vop), and one site in dorsal thalamus (dth), but reduction of dystonia drive was only seen at one site in dth. On the other hand, among the 459 sites in TR patients, motor response leading to reduction of tremor drive was seen at 38 sites, of which 30 sites (79%) were noted in Vim nuclei, and five sites (13.2%) in vc nuclei; of the remaining sites, two were seen in Vop nuclei, one in dth, and no increasing tremor drive was observed in all area. In general, paresthesia was the most common response, which was found at 159 sites (45.8%) with DA and 216 sites (47.1%) with TR. Pain was only seen at one site in Wm of DA; warm/cold and vertigo could be seen in Vop, Vim, and vc nucleus respectively. No responses were shown at 156 sites (45%) in DA, and 201 sites (43.8%) in TR.
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PMID:Distribution and response evoked by microstimulation of thalamus nuclei in patients with dystonia and tremor. 808 93

Twenty-five years ago, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH, EC 1.1.1.8) was described as a hormonally dependent enzyme in the brain, and since then has been characterized for its developmental regulation and as a marker for oligodendrocytes. These studies describe the cloning of GPDH mRNA from adult rat hippocampus and its characterization as an in vivo response in the brain to both glucocorticoid treatment and stress. A nearly full-length cDNA clone was obtained with sequence homology to the adult mouse GPDH gene. Three EcoRI fragments derived from this clone each hybridized to a major 2.9-kb transcript in poly(A)-containing RNA. GPDH mRNA increased up to 10-fold in a dose-dependent manner in response to acute corticosterone (CORT) treatment (8 h-3 days) of adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. Hybrid-selected GPDH mRNA encodes a 35-kD, pI 6.3 polypeptide that comigrated with our previously described CORT-responsive 35-kD in vitro translation product, with which it shares the same response characteristics. The basal (morning) AM prevalence of GPDH mRNA in the hippocampus is approximately 0.5 pg/micrograms total RNA. Shaking stress increased GPDH mRNA 4-fold; this increase was completely blocked by prior ADX. Hippocampal GPDH mRNA prevalence in ADX rats did not differ from AM intact rats, but increased to stress levels within 2 h of a CORT treatment that produced serum levels in the high physiological or stress range. GPDH expression increased throughout the brain of CORT-treated compared with ADX rats by in situ hybridization; the pattern of expression is similar to that of proteolipid protein mRNA and is consistent with a predominant expression in oligodendrocytes in white matter. Restraint and cold stress also increased GPDH mRNA in the brainstem. These results establish GPDH mRNA as a glucocorticoid-dependent stress response in adult rat hippocampus and indicate that glucocorticoid regulation of GPDH enzyme activity throughout the brain could result from changes in GPDH mRNA prevalence. In addition to its role in development, GPDH may participate in oligodendrocyte responses to stress in the adult brain.
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PMID:Rapid increase in glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in adult rat brain: a glucocorticoid-dependent stress response. 809 Feb 79


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