Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
 ...
PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

The impulse activity of 184 single motor units of the sartorius muscle was investigated in anesthetized cats during cold tremor. Motor units whose impulse activity was connected with respiration cycles and motor units functioning independently of respiration were detected. The functions of both types of the motor units are characterized by the same average rate (4-12 imp/s) and low variability of interspike intervals. Additional thermal stimulation of the vascular thermoreceptors and changes in the rate and amplitude of respiratory excursions caused similar responses of the motor units of both types. It is suggested that motor units of both types have the same thresholds and belong to the phasic slow motor units.
 ...
PMID:[Types of skeletal muscle motor unit activity during cold tremor]. 47 Nov 14

Four subjects were exposed to an environmental challenge of -12 degrees C for 15 min in four conditions of exposure: 1) clothed body and clothed arm, 0.5 clo units: 2) clothed body and exposed arm, 0.4 col; 3) exposed body and exposed arm, 0.1 clo: 4) exposed body and clothed arm, 0.2 clo. Core temperature, surface temperature of the right arm, perceived thermal comfort, EMG indicated onset of shivering, and the frequency of tremor using accelerometry were monitored and data collected every 30 s. The results indicate that tremor frequency significantly increases with cold exposure, but that a significant drop in tremor frequency precedes the onset of shivering. It is suggested that pre-shivering tetany occurs prior to the onset of shivering, acts as a load upon the lever of the hand and reduces the oscillation of the limb.
 ...
PMID:Bimodal relationship of human tremor and shivering on introduction to cold exposure. 51 43

1. The effect of spinal cord temperature changes on muscle activity was investigated in unanaesthetized intact and chronically spinalized pigeons and in acutely spinalized pigeons which were artifically respirated and lightly anaesthetized with ether. 2. Spinal cord cooling regularly produced an increase in muscle activity and visible muscle tremor in intact and spinalized pigeons. This motor cold defence reaction was less intensive in spinalized animals, but was qualitatively identical in all groups with regard to spindle shaped firing patterns and grouped discharges. 3. Intravenous injection of 60-100 mg/kg L-Dopa enhanced the motor response to spinal cord cooling in acutely spinalized pigeons. It is suggested that L-Dopa may act on dopaminergic or noradrenergic neurones in the spinal cord. 4. The results demonstrate that the generation of the motor cold defence response to cooling of the spinal cord in pigeons is basically independent from supra-spinal nervous mechanisms. The decreased intensity of cold induced muscle activity in spinalized animals may be attributed to the loss of excitatory or disinhibitory descending inputs to the spinal cord. 5. Spinal cord warming above normal body temperature (41.5 degrees C) produced an increase in muscle activity and slow muscle movements. The pattern was qualitatively different from that of the cold induced tremor.
 ...
PMID:Initiation of muscle activity in spinalized pigeons during spinal cord cooling and warming. 57 53

Experiments were conducted on anesthetized and unanesthetized cats. On the basis of identity of distribution of cold and fever tremor in the muscle groups, its electromyographic picture and the same sensitivity to neurotropic agents a conclusion was drawn that in the cooling of the organism and during fever the same mechanism of the shivering thermogenesis regulation was activated.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative characteristics of cold- and fever-induced tremor]. 62 71

Intravenous infusion of oxotremorine, seduxene, and phentolamine to cats not only decreased the cold-induced tremor, but also reduced the subcutaneous vein receptor impulses. Diminished activity of the vascular thermoreceptors served as an additional component in the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of oxotremorine and seduxene on cold tremor. Reduction of the thermoreceptors activity after phentolamine administration is primary, and may be considered as the leading factor in the cold tremor inhibition.
 ...
PMID:[Role of vascular thermoreceptors in the mechanism of cold tremor inhibition by oxotremorine, seduxen and phentolamine]. 69 77

Two forms of cellulase, buffer soluble (BS) and buffer insoluble (BI), are induced as a result of auxin treatment of dark-grown pea epicotyls. These two cellulases have been purified to homogeneity. Antibodies raised against the purified cellulases were conjugated with ferritin and were used to localize the two cellulases. Tissue sections were fixed in cold paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde and incubated for 1 h in the ferritin conjugates. The sections were washed with continuous shaking for 18 h and subsequently postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Tissue incubated in unconjugated ferritin was used as a control. A major part of BI cellulase is localized at the inner surface of the cell wall in close association with microfibrils. BS cellulase is localized mainly within the distended endoplasmic reticulum. Gogli complex and plasma membrane appear to be completely devoid of any cellulase activity. These observations are consistent with cytochemical localization and biochemical data on the distribution of these two cellulases among various cell and membrane fractions.
 ...
PMID:Subcellular localization of cellulases in auxin-treated pea. 76 48

Women with only minor anatomical deviations may request plastic surgery in an attempt to compensate a feeling of inadequacy or humiliation. Psychological evaluation may be warranted to preclude a number of possible sequels: feeling of cold, shivering and shaking, lasting for days, with or without conjunctivitis and rhinitis vasomotorica; hypochondriacal and paranoid tendencies, mistrustfulness and misunderstandings in regard to the doctor. The doctor's assent to the operation and performing of the operation may increase the feeling of humiliation instead of alleviating it.
 ...
PMID:[Psychological and physical reactions following cosmetic breast surgery]. 87 Apr 3

Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase was studied in 96 subjects, 33 of them controls and 63 of them patients (Parkinson's disease, chronic chorea, torsion dystonia, postural tremor and epilepsy). Only the epileptics showed a significant decrease in the average level of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in comparison with the controls. During the cold test, DBH did not vary except in one case. On the other hand, during epileptic attacks, DBH activity underwent considerable fluctuations. Therefore, except in special pathological conditions, such as epileptic attacks, measurement of plasma or serum DBH activity is of limited value for neurological pathology and is not a good indication of the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
 ...
PMID:[Dopamine beta hydroxylase. Value and limits of its study in neurology]. 94 Sep 70

Male and female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) carrying three coat color alleles, agouti, sandy, and black, were tested for 15 min under three cage temperature conditions, warm (35-40 degrees C), neutral (20 degrees C), and cold (0-5 degrees C). A frequency count of scratching, face and body wash, belly/side rubs, and shaking was taken of these animals' activities during the test sessions. Sex differences were not evident but coat color and age temperature affected the belly/side rubs and shaking activities. There were also effects of cage temperature but not coat color on face/body wash and scratching. It appears that animals with these coat color variants manifest disparate patterns of COBS behavior when encountering different thermal environments.
 ...
PMID:Coat color genes and cage temperature effects on care of the body surface (COBS) behavior of Meriones unguiculatus. 159 Jul 29


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>