Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several classes of medications have been used to treat generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). Antidepressants are useful for chronic subpanic anxiety and anxiety associated with depression. Benzodiazepines are generally safe, but recent research suggests that the incidence of chronic abstinence syndromes may be higher than has been suspected. This class of medications is best used for circumscribed periods of time. Because buspirone has no significant interactions, it does not prevent benzodiazepine withdrawal and cannot be directly substituted for this class of medications. beta-Blockers are used when cardiovascular symptoms and tremor are prominent, for stage fright (propranolol) and possibly for social phobia (atenolol). Antihistamines have been used for elderly patients and for those with a history of substance abuse. Neuroleptics should only be prescribed for anxiety associated with psychosis, psychotic and possibly severe depression, and borderline personality disorder. Drug treatment of GAD should be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes assessment for medical illnesses that can aggravate anxiety, withdrawal of all unnecessary medications (especially CNS depressants) and caffeine, structured relaxation techniques, evaluation of the specific type of anxiety, and psychotherapy.
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PMID:Generalized anxiety disorder: new concepts and psychopharmacologic therapies. 196 48

Valproate (2-propylpentanoate) is available as valproic acid, sodium valproate and semisodium valproate. It has actions on dopamine, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Its main psychiatric use is to treat bipolar disorder. It has been used in other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, but data are insufficient to recommend this. In acute mania, valproate monotherapy has similar efficacy to antipsychotic drugs and lithium whereas the combination of valproate and an antipsychotic is more effective than either drug alone. In maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, valproate monotherapy has comparable efficacy to olanzapine although placebo-controlled evidence is limited. Maintenance treatment with valproate and quetiapine or olanzapine is more efficacious than valproate alone when an acute episode responds to the combination. Common adverse effects of valproate include weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, sedation, tremor and mild elevation of hepatic enzymes. Serious hepatic toxicity is rare in adults. Many adverse effects are dose related and resolve with dose reduction. Valproate is teratogenic and specifically associated with neural tube defect. Preliminary evidence has linked in utero exposure to decreased verbal intelligence in the offspring. These effects, plus a probable increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, limit valproate's use in women of childbearing potential.
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PMID:A review of valproate in psychiatric practice. 1940 30

Neurological disorders include a wide variety of mostly multifactorial diseases related to the development, survival, and function of the neuron cells. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been extensively studied in neurological disorders, and in a number of instances have been reproducibly linked to disease as risk factors. The RIT2 gene has been recently shown to be associated with a number of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and autism. In the study reported here, we investigated the association of the rs12456492 and rs16976358 SNPs of the RIT2 gene with PD, essential tremor (ET), autism, schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder (BPD; total of 2290 patients), and 1000 controls, by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Significant association was observed between rs12456492 and two disorders, PD and ET, whereas rs16976358 was found to be associated with autism, SCZ, and BPD. Our findings are indicative of differential association between the RIT2 SNPs and different neurological disorders.
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PMID:RIT2 Polymorphisms: Is There a Differential Association? 2694 Nov 3