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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The physician-patient relationship plays a major part in the management. The consultations should be extended and fruitful for the patient, but the physician should also provide pharmacodynamic help and to achieve this tiapride is of value. Tiapride is effective against disorders of sleep, of affect and of behaviour. Twenty patients were given 300 mg tiapride daily (1 tablet three times a day) for one month. Results were as follows: in disturbances of sleep: 83,3% good results; in disorders of affect: 79% good results; in behavioural disorders: 77% good results; in alcoholic tremor: 100% good results. In the series studied tolerance was excellent in 18 cases. Only two patients had orthostatic hypotension which did not require any modification in the treatment. Tiapride therefore proves a highly effective therapeutic agent in chronic alcoholism, providing rapid action, good results and excellent tolerance with small dosages.
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PMID:[Tiapride and alcoholism]. 630 93

Various indications of benzodiazepines in the treatment of chronic alcoholism are discussed. They are prescribed in the treatment of Delirium Tremens and other acute withdrawal syndromes, often by intramuscular injections or intraveinous infusions. Their efficacy is particularly marked on withdrawal seizures, agitation, more inconstant on confusion, hallucinations and even on tremor symptoms. They more prevent withdrawal symptoms than they reverse severe ethanol withdrawal symptomatology, on humans like on experimental animals. Most authors recommend short prescriptions of BZD in alcoholic patients: the main difficulty is not the problem of the pharmacological interactions between alcohol and BZD, only observed during acute and important ingestions of alcohol and more linked to summation than to potentialisation , but the risk of an abuse and even a psychological and physical dependency to BZD. Such a dependence syndrome would probably develop more frequently in alcoholic patients. One must not overrate its importance; the extended prescription of BZD must not be therefore prohibited when they seem useful in the maintain of alcohol abstinence.
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PMID:[Benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcoholism]. 637 35

Male rats consumed a liquid diet containing 10.7% ethanol as their only source of food and fluid for 6.5 months, beginning at 2 months of age. During withdrawal, there were no differences between the alcohol group and their pair-fed or free-fed controls on EEG, body temperature, irritability and tremor measures. In behavioral tests begun 4-5 weeks after withdrawal, the rats that had consumed alcohol acquired accurate spatial behavior in a cross maze task more slowly than controls, but were unimpaired in shuttle-avoidance learning. In concurrent studies with groups of rats that had sustained lesions of the dorsal hippocampus, the mamillary bodies (MMB), or the mediodorsal thalamus, the pattern of behavioral deficits after MMB lesions was found to be qualitatively similar to that observed after the cessation of long-term alcohol consumption. These findings provide renewed hope that a useful rodent model for studying the neuropsychology of cognitive deficits associated with human alcoholism can be developed.
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PMID:Comparative effects of long-term ethanol consumption and forebrain lesions on maze learning and active avoidance behavior in rats. 644 70

Most patients with essential tremor experience a transient improvement after ingesting a small amount of alcohol. It has been accordingly suggested that essential tremor patients may have an increased risk of developing alcoholism. In this study, the frequency and amount of alcohol intake of essential tremor patients were found to be largely similar to the drinking habits of a control sample from the general population. This indicates that essential tremor does not generally augment alcohol consumption, nor is it a common cause of alcoholism.
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PMID:Alcohol consumption of patients with essential tremor. 665 Jan 29

In a prospective study, the prevalence of pathologic drinking in essential tremor did not differ significantly from other tremor disorders or chronic neurologic diseases without tremor. Parkinsonian patients had a significantly lower prevalence of alcohol use. These data suggest that patients with essential tremor are not at higher risk of chronic alcoholism than other patients with neurologic disease.
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PMID:Alcoholism in essential tremor. 668 7

The clinical manifestations of 24 cases and the autopsy findings of 6 cases of extremity myorhythmia are presented. Extremity myorhythmia is that form of myorhythmia in which rhythmic alternating movements predominantly involve the limbs. The main difference between the tremor of extremity myorhythmia and the tremor of parkinsonism is the slower tremor rate, 2 to 3 cycles/s in myorhythmia and 4 to 6 cycles/s in parkinsonism. The mechanograms, except for the slower frequencies in myorhythmia, can be very similar, including sinusoidal oscillation patterns in both conditions. Myorhythmia may be defined as a coarse, alternating tremor, present at rest and usually during movement, which occurs at rates varying from 50 to 240 oscillations/min but mostly at either 120 to 140 or 160 to 180 cycles/min. The alternating movements may be intermittent or continuous or both types may be present in different body parts. When multiple parts are involved, synchronous or asynchronous movements are about equally common. Movements are usually relatively rhythmic and regular but may vary over periods of time in rate, rhythm or amplitude and rarely so, even over the course of a few hours and are absent during sleep. Movements may involve single limbs, several limbs or a combination of limbs plus face, palate, head, jaw, neck, tongue, eyes or trunk. The frequency of the movements in the 24 cases varied from 120 to 180 oscillations/min with two exceptions the slowest being 60 and the fastest 240, with most tending to cluster near either 120 or 180 cycles/min. The most common aetiologies were brainstem vascular disease and cerebellar degeneration secondary to chronic alcoholism-nutritional deficiency. The best prognosis occurred in the latter group. Clinicopathological correlations in our autopsy series indicate that myorhythmia of the limbs may occur ipsilateral to the dentate nucleus or superior cerebellar peduncle lesions or contralateral to inferior olive involvement. Unilateral lesions of the dentate nucleus may result in bilateral limb movements and bilateral dentate lesions may be associated with unilateral limb movements. The frequent involvement of the cerebellum and the substantia nigra suggests possible roles for the cerebellum and substantia nigra in the myorhythmia process.
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PMID:Myorhythmia: a widespread movement disorder. Clinicopathological correlations. 669 62

Magnesium deficiency may complicate many diseases. The causes include the following: inadequate intake during starvation or increased requirement during early childhood, pregnancy, or lactation; excessive losses of magnesium as a result of malabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract or from the kidneys during use of diuretics; and to a combination of the two, as in alcoholism. Most often the etiological factors have been operative for a month or more. Acute hypomagnesemia can occur without previous Mg deficiency after epinephrine, cold stress and stress of serious injury or extensive surgery. The clinical manifestations depend on the age of the patient and may begin insidiously or with dramatic suddenness, or there may be no overt symptoms or signs. The manifestations can be divided into the following categories: totally non-specific symptoms and signs ascribable to the primary disease; neuromuscular hyperactivity including tremor, myoclonic jerks, convulsions, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign (rarely), spontaneous carpopedal spasm (rarely), ataxia, nystagmus and dysphagia; psychiatric disturbances from apathy and coma to some of all facets of delirium; cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and sudden death; hypocalcemia which is responsive only to Mg therapy; and hypokalemia which is not easily nor completely corrected without Mg therapy. The diversity of etiologies and the multiplicity of manifestations result in confusion and controversy. The documentation of normal renal function is absolutely necessary for maximum doses. The order of magnitude of dose is 1.0 meq Mg/kg on day 1, and 0.3 to 0.5 mEq/kg per day for 3 to 5 days. In emergencies such as convulsions or ventricular arrhythmias, a bolus injection of 1.0 gm (8.1 meq) of MgSO4 is indicated. Therapy of Mg deficiency in the presence of renal insufficiency requires smaller doses and frequent monitoring. Complete repletion occurs slowly.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency. Etiology and clinical spectrum. 702 Mar 47

Alcohol transiently improves the shakiness of patients with essential (familial) tremor. The possibility that essential tremor may lead to alcohol abuse and addiction is raised in relationship to three case reports. It is suggested that secondary alcoholism in patients with essential tremor may be treated or prevented by control of the essential tremor with beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Theoretical implications for the etiology of alcoholism are discussed.
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PMID:Alcoholism secondary to essential tremor. 706 49

Among the sequelae of alcoholism in psychiatrics alcoholic delirium and suicides have pre-eminence. Nearly 15 per cent of all alcoholics develop an alcoholic delirium. The death-rate could be reduced on about 1 per cent by chlormethiazole. Suicide is the second frequent cause of death of the alcoholics. Very often tremor is observed on alcoholics among the neurological complications. It can appear further sequelae, especially the Wernicke-Korsakoff-syndrome, polyneuropathy, epilepsy in alcoholics, cerebral atrophy, and cerebellar atrophy.
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PMID:[Psychological and neurological sequelae of alcoholism]. 712 94

The authors reviewed the charts of 36 patients discharged from a VA medical center with a diagnosis of essential tremor over a 10-year period for evidence of alcohol dependency or abuse and for family history of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. A sex- and age-matched sample of patients admitted during the same period for herniorrhaphy was used as a control group. Patients with essential tremor had a significantly higher frequency of alcohol dependence and abuse than control subjects and also had a much higher rate of positive first-degree family history of alcoholism. The authors suggest that essential tremor is an important cause of secondary alcoholism.
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PMID:High alcoholism rate in patients with essential tremor. 713 98


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