Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A wide variety of movement disorders are associated with alcohol abuse. Some idiopathic movement disorders are markedly improved by small amounts of alcohol and this response occasionally may lead to alcoholism. Alcohol abuse alone or combined with hepatic encephalopathy can cause various types of tremor, asterixis, and cerebellar dysfunction. Alcohol withdrawal is occasionally complicated by transient basal ganglia dysfunction manifested by parkinsonism or chorea. These syndromes are distinct from the movement disorders complicating acquired hepatolenticular degeneration occurring in some chronic alcoholics. This review discusses the clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of the movement disorder syndromes that complicate alcohol abuse.
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PMID:Movement disorders in alcoholism: a review. 201 Dec 71

Previous research has demonstrated response differences following administration of alcohol between adult males with a positive (FHP) versus negative (FHN) family history of alcoholism. These response differences are thought to reflect differences in vulnerability to dependence on alcohol. Thus, the role of positive family alcoholism history in increasing risk of addiction to a variety of drug classes might be studied by determining whether FHP subjects show different responses to drug classes other than alcohol. This was done in the present study by determining dose-effect functions for a variety of physiological (heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature), subjective (analog mood and drug effect, Subjective High Assessment Scale), and psychomotor measures (hand tremor, body sway, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, eye-hand coordination, and numeric recall) in FHP and FHN college-aged males for secobarbital (0, 100, 200 mg by mouth) and ethanol (1 g/kg). FHP and FHN subjects were matched on light-to-moderate drinking patterns, anthropometric dimensions, age, years of schooling, and drug use. At equivalent blood alcohol levels family-history positive subjects reported greater effects of ethanol than did family-history negative subjects on almost all subjective measures. Following the high dose of secobarbital, FHP but not FHN subjects showed elevated subjective effects; these effects were substantially less and were evident in fewer measures than following ethanol. In contrast to effects on the subjective measures, ethanol and secobarbital produced comparable impairment in both groups of subjects for most psychomotor responses. Group differences were not obtained on any physiological measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alcohol and secobarbital effects as a function of familial alcoholism: acute psychophysiological effects. 226 98

Metadoxine is an active drug for treatment of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication, affecting both liver and brain function. The authors reviewed the international pharmacological and clinical literature on the drug which shows the potential usefulness of metadoxine in the treatment of alcohol-induced diseases. The case report concerns the results in 20 chronic alcoholics, admitted to the hospital for acute alcohol intake treated with metadoxine (one 500 mg tablet twice daily). Biohumoral hepatopathy parameters and clinical parameters of neuropsychic behaviour were examined simultaneously. Compared with a control group of patients undergoing traditional therapy (sedative and multi-vitamin drugs), metadoxine showed a significant improvement of the values of gamma-GT, GPT, blood ammonia, blood alcohol and of neuropsychic and behavioural parameters such as agitation, tremor, asterixis, sopor and depression. No side-effects or unfavourable reactions occurred during metadoxine treatment, which confirms the safety of this molecule.
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PMID:[Metadoxine in alcohol-related pathology]. 252 84

In 45 of 73 patients (organic brain syndromes of complex genesis, schizophrenia, manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis, alcoholism), intake of placebo one week before discharge induced anxiety accompanied by dryness of the mouth, enhanced perspiration and increase of tremor. Anxiety/disappeared after verbal information that the action of this drug is exhausted 1 hour after its intake. Peculiarity of this observation consists in the fact that all placebo responders (61.6% of patients) appeared to be negative, i.e. they had no positive placebo responses. According to the reported data, the negative placebo responses are observed in 10-20% of patients. Anxiety is considered as a symptom provoked by placebo in patients who are in the "neurotic" phase following the cessation of psychotic symptomatology.
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PMID:[Appearance of anxiety after intake of a placebo]. 263 70

Trazodone, a non-tricyclic molecule, represents the first of a new generation of antidepressants. It is currently marketed in a number of European countries, in the United States and in Latin America. The pharmacological and biochemical data, the mechanism of action and the preferential indications of trazodone are presented and compared to those of imipramine and other tricyclics. Unlike imipramine, trazodone inhibits the adrenergic system. The two molecules have anti-nociceptive properties, similar effects on the serotoninergic system and, after repeated administrations, they both reduce the density of beta-receptors. The clinical implications of the alpha-blocking activity of trazodone are reported. Trazodone is preferable to tricyclic anti-depressants in the treatment of depression in elderly subjects in general, and especially when they present closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, tremor or cardiovascular problems due to hyperactivity of the adrenergic system, as well as in organic depressions and in depression secondary to schizophrenia, alcoholism and in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:[History and pharmacology of trazodone]. 288 Jul 11

We present a randomized double-blind study on the efficacy of caroverine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The group B Ca2+ channel blocking agent caroverine was tested against meprobamate in inpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Patients of both groups were similar in age, weight, duration of drinking, ingested quantities of alcohol and intensity of withdrawal symptoms in both groups. The symptoms were quantified daily by Syndromkurztest (SKT), Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), NGI; the Webster scale was applied to rate tremor, speech and coping. Duration of study was scheduled for 5 days after which other medication, e.g., levopromazine was applied if needed. As caroverine is registered and used as a spasmolytic drug in Austria, patients' verbal consent was sufficient. In both compounds we registered no difference of clinical efficacy, though caroverine presented less sedative side effects. This may be an important factor in the treatment and management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Dose ranges were 120 mg/day vs. 2,400 mg/day of caroverine and meprobamate, respectively. Thus, drug loading and metabolism can be thoroughly reduced by the application of caroverine--another important point in treatment of alcoholism. In 4 cases of manifest delirium tremens the infusional application of caroverine was openly tested with dose ranges of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg (24 h). Clinical effects were estimated to be similar with oral application as was therapeutic efficacy. This novel indication of a group-B Ca2+ channel blocker presents an interesting feature, which seems to warrant further investigation.
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PMID:Calcium-channel-blocking agent in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal--caroverine versus meprobamate in a randomized double-blind study. 330 40

We examined 100 alcoholics who had had no alcohol for more than 21 days, 100 controls, and 50 patients with essential tremor. Three percent of the controls and 47% of the alcoholics had a postural tremor. Alcoholic tremor was never severe, and functional disability occurred in only 17% of patients. There was no relation to age or duration of drinking, and only 1% of the alcoholics had a family history of tremor compared with 46% in essential tremor. Tremor frequency was significantly greater in the alcoholics than in essential tremor. Propranolol therapy decreased tremor more in the alcoholics than in essential tremor. The tremor of chronic alcoholism differs from essential tremor.
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PMID:Tremor in chronic alcoholism. 405 57

Pharmacological and biochemical data on trazodone are reviewed in order to compare this drug to imipramine and other tricyclics both from the point of view of the mechanism of action and preferential clinical indications. Trazodone tends to inhibit biochemical and pharmacological functions depending on the catecholaminergic system, whereas imipramine has a potentiating activity. However, both these drugs decrease the density of beta-receptors following repeated administrations. Trazodone and imipramine have similar effects on the serotoninergic system. The two drugs also share an antinociceptive activity. It is stressed that this activity has been of critical importance in the discovery of trazodone. In fact, the development of this drug was based on the working hypothesis that a disturbance in the perception of unpleasant experience has a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Some medical implications of the alpha-blocking activity of trazodone are discussed. Trazodone is preferable to other antidepressant treatment when depression is associated with angle-closure glucoma, cardiovascular disturbances depending on noradrenaline release, tremor, some psychotic conditions and alcoholism.
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PMID:Trazodone, a new avenue in the treatment of depression. 614 38

The neuropsychiatric manifestations of alcoholism can be amended by neutralizing the somatic effects of alcohol on nervous centers. Tiapride acts electively on the mesolimbic area. Promising results have been obtained with tiapride in the various clinical forms of alcohol intoxication. Sixty patients (40 men and 20 women) were given tiapride for abnormal symptoms due to alcohol. Tolerance was good: no side-effects were recorded, with the exception of extrapyramidal manifestations in one patient. Symptoms due to alcohol abuse were alleviated. Relief of tremor was significant. Tiapride proved helpful in anxiety and depression and caused hallucinations to disappear in 35 cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of alcoholic patients with tiapride]. 629 73

The alcoholic patient is usually anxious. Anxiety is increased by withdrawal. The anxiety-relieving effect of tiapride was studied in 20 alcoholics, with a mean age of 44 years. 18 patients were male. Alcoholism was chronic in 18 cases and paroxystic in two. At the time of withdrawal each patient was given 3 intramuscular injections daily for 7 days, then 3 tablets per day. Results, which were evaluated according to the Hamilton score, were excellent in 9 cases, good in 10 and poor in 1: no failure was recorded. The symptoms which responded best were fear, somatic and psychic manifestations of anxiety, depressive feelings and sleep disturbances. Concomitantly, digestive disorders, anorexia, tremor and pain were alleviated. Tolerance was excellent: no neurologic, digestive, cardiovascular or biologic manifestations were recorded. In caring for alcoholic patients, the critical time of withdrawal is undeniably facilitated by the use of tiapride.
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PMID:[Use of tiapride in the anxious alcoholic]. 630 98


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