Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The therapeutic action of Tiapridal appeared to the authors particularly precious and constant in delirium tremens, senile agitation and turbulence, whatever the origin, and bucco-linguo-facial dyskinesia, whether the latter were linked to age or whether they formed part of a neuroleptic syndrome. Their experience does not permit them to have any opinion concerning the use of this drug in tremor and chorea, the patients seem to respond favourably to treatment but in an erratic manner. On the other hand the drug was totally inefficacious in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis and writer's cramp. Finally, it seemed to them useful to emphasise the improvement in comfort in patients suffering from various pains when given Tiapridal. This justifies the place given to Tiapridal among drugs necessary for the daily practice of neurology.
 ...
PMID:[A new therapeutical approach in neurology (author's transl)]. 21 5

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in humans lie on a continuum of increasing severity, from the acute hangover to delirium tremens. Early mild reactions consist primarily of hyperexcitability phenomena such as tremor, insomnia, hyperreflexia and hyperventilation. In more severe degree, the same process gives rise to hallucinations and seizures. These early reactions are mimicked closely by alcohol withdrawal signs in experimental animals. Late reactions in humans are characterized by marked sympathetic nervous system overactivity, profound disorientation and hallucinations. Analogous reactions have not yet been observed clearly in other species. The problem may be one of finding appropriate techniques for detecting such changes, rather than a true species difference in their occurrence.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the human: comparison with animal models. 33 82

Periodic brain stimulation, particularly in the limbic system, at stimulus intensities initially too low to produce any behavioural or EEG effects, progressively produces EEG changes, motor automatisms, and eventually convulsions, an effect called kindling. Data are presented and reviewed that suggest that the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms progressively increases over years of alcohol abuse in a stepwise fashion similar to the kindling process. The model is presented that the limbic system hyperirritability which accompanies each alcohol withdrawal serves over time to kindle increasingly widespread subcortical structures. These long-term changes in neuronal excitability might relate to the progression of alcohol withdrawal symptoms from tremor to seizures and delirium tremens, as well as the alcoholic personality changes between episodes of withdrawal.
 ...
PMID:Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes. 35 67

30 patients with delirium tremens were given in a double-blind trial--beside the basic treatment with chlormethiazol (Distraneurin)--aprotinin (Trasylol) or placebo. Duration of the delirium and the amount of chlormethiazol used were the criteria for successful treatment. It was shown that the additional application of aprotinin did neither shorten significantly the duration of the delirium not save the amount of chlormethiazol used. Methodologically, special attention was given to the question of duration of the delirium and of registering symptoms. A delirium-rating scale was devised and its analysis showed a good randomization of the items. One main question was as to what extent the individual items were good indicators of a delirium. An item intercorrelation showed that there were two clusters of symptoms: psychological and sympathetic nervous system symptoms. It could be shown that the items 'consciousness, orientation, hallucinations and short-term memory' were good indicators of the delirium, while items of the autonomous nervous system, as tremor of hands and body, facial muscular twitching and exteroceptive reflexes, were less indicative of delirium. The duration of the delirium seems to be the best criterion for the question as to whether a drug is effective or not in delirium tremens. There is a highly significant correlation between the degree of the severity of the delirium and its duration. Other significant predictors for the severity of the delirium were the maximal pulse rate and change in blood pressure. Age, duration of alcoholism and psychological or physical depravation showed no influence on the duration of the delirium.
 ...
PMID:[Criteria of the efficacy of therapeutic measures in alcoholic delirium. Study on the effectiveness of aprotinin in alcoholic delirium]. 80 70

The following neuropsychiatric disorders have been briefly described: alcohol withdrawal syndrome, delirium tremens, alcohol hallucinosis, Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome, seizures, tremor, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, central pontine myelinolysis, alcoholic amblyopia, alcoholic cerebellar degeneration cerebral atrophy, alterations of personality in chronic alcoholics, alcoholic polyneuropathy. The pathogenetical aspects as well as the pathological findings have been reviewed with special emphasis on nutritional factors.
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychiatric disorders of alcoholism. 91 47

Plasma concentrations of aprindine were used to assess its absorption, toxicity and disappearance rate after oral administration to patients within 24 hours of admission to a coronary care unit. Despite high oral doses, absorption was so slow that in half the patients effective plasma levels (exceeding 0.70 mug/ml) were not found during the first 12 hours of treatment. Therefore the oral route should not be used to treat cases of acute myocardial infarction with severe ventricular dysrhythmias. Clinical tolerance was good; there was one episode of delirium tremens in a chronic alcoholic (aprindine plasma concentration: 3 mug/ml); no case of tremor or cerebellar syndrome was observed. Disappearance of aprindine from plasma was slow, by far exceeding the half-lives found in healthy volunteers, and ranging from 20 to over 100 h. The variability of biological half-life in individual patients makes plasma level determiniations necessary whenever aprindine is to be administered for a long period.
 ...
PMID:Absorption, half-life, and toxicity of oral aprindine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 123 49

We present a randomized double-blind study on the efficacy of caroverine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The group B Ca2+ channel blocking agent caroverine was tested against meprobamate in inpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Patients of both groups were similar in age, weight, duration of drinking, ingested quantities of alcohol and intensity of withdrawal symptoms in both groups. The symptoms were quantified daily by Syndromkurztest (SKT), Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), NGI; the Webster scale was applied to rate tremor, speech and coping. Duration of study was scheduled for 5 days after which other medication, e.g., levopromazine was applied if needed. As caroverine is registered and used as a spasmolytic drug in Austria, patients' verbal consent was sufficient. In both compounds we registered no difference of clinical efficacy, though caroverine presented less sedative side effects. This may be an important factor in the treatment and management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Dose ranges were 120 mg/day vs. 2,400 mg/day of caroverine and meprobamate, respectively. Thus, drug loading and metabolism can be thoroughly reduced by the application of caroverine--another important point in treatment of alcoholism. In 4 cases of manifest delirium tremens the infusional application of caroverine was openly tested with dose ranges of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg (24 h). Clinical effects were estimated to be similar with oral application as was therapeutic efficacy. This novel indication of a group-B Ca2+ channel blocker presents an interesting feature, which seems to warrant further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Calcium-channel-blocking agent in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal--caroverine versus meprobamate in a randomized double-blind study. 330 40

A sequential sample of 101 patients hospitalized for ethanol withdrawal and requiring sedation for evolving withdrawal syndromes was assigned randomly according to a double-blind protocol to treatment with either alprazolam or chlordiazepoxide administered orally. The data from one patient were unevaluable due to acute bleeding, leaving a sample of 100 (50 in each condition). At discharge, three independent ratings of diaphoresis, tremor, hallucinations, nausea/vomiting, and overall severity of withdrawal were obtained, and the occurrence of delirium tremens and grand mal seizures was noted. Patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and their disposition following discharge was recorded. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups on any of the dependent variables studied. It was concluded that the choice between alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide for managing ethanol withdrawal should be based on criteria other than efficacy of control. Potential antidepressant effects and drug kinetics were suggested as the basis for rational decision-making.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind trial of alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide in the management of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome. 388 64

One hundred patients, aged between 60 and 92 years, were treated with tiapride for neurological disorders (abnormal movements, buccofacial dyskinesias, dopa therapy complications, ballism, eyelid tics, senile tremor, post-traumatic headache, delirium tremens), psychiatric disorders with more or less marked agitation and of various types (hysteria, depression, mood disturbances, hypochondria, delusions, hallucinations), or for mental deficiency, senile dementia, or arteriopathic dementia. Results were excellent, being satisfactory in 70 p. cent, and even more marked in some groups. Tolerance was very good, with some rare cases of somnolence. The efficacy and safety of tiapride makes it of particular value for treating neuropsychiatric disorders in geriatric patients.
 ...
PMID:[Tiapride in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in the elderly (author's transl)]. 627 32

Various indications of benzodiazepines in the treatment of chronic alcoholism are discussed. They are prescribed in the treatment of Delirium Tremens and other acute withdrawal syndromes, often by intramuscular injections or intraveinous infusions. Their efficacy is particularly marked on withdrawal seizures, agitation, more inconstant on confusion, hallucinations and even on tremor symptoms. They more prevent withdrawal symptoms than they reverse severe ethanol withdrawal symptomatology, on humans like on experimental animals. Most authors recommend short prescriptions of BZD in alcoholic patients: the main difficulty is not the problem of the pharmacological interactions between alcohol and BZD, only observed during acute and important ingestions of alcohol and more linked to summation than to potentialisation , but the risk of an abuse and even a psychological and physical dependency to BZD. Such a dependence syndrome would probably develop more frequently in alcoholic patients. One must not overrate its importance; the extended prescription of BZD must not be therefore prohibited when they seem useful in the maintain of alcohol abstinence.
 ...
PMID:[Benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcoholism]. 637 35


1 2 Next >>