Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 37-year-old female patient reported marked weight loss, prolonged alopecia, recurrent infections and watery diarrhoea. Examination revealed Salmonella infection, candidiasis and immunological signs of previous toxoplasmosis. Between 1978 and 1981, the patient had had close sexual relations to a patient with haemophilia A. Due to this fact, AIDS was suspected. Serological tests for HIV were not available at the time. The findings in DNA image cytometry (nuclear DNA inclusion bodies, polyploid lymphocyte nuclei and binuclear lymphocytes) suggested a viral infection of the lymphoid cells. Electron microscopy revealed in hepatocytes and cerebral cells intranuclear inclusion bodies whose size and contents were not compatible with an infection caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes virus or Epstein-Barr virus. In autopsy, infections of various organ systems such as pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, urocystitis, pyelonephritis, Candida oesophagitis and enteritis were found.
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PMID:[AIDS in a woman having had sexual relations with a patient with hemophilia A. Characteristic findings in DNA image cytometry]. 379 20

To study the possible predisposing factors, clinical features, molecular epidemiology, and factors affecting mortality associated with bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii, we reviewed 87 episodes of A. baumannii bacteremia occurring in 79 patients hospitalized at 2 university tertiary care centers and 4 community-based hospitals during a recent 18-month period. Plasmid DNA analysis and analysis of genomic DNA with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to investigate possible epidemiologic relationship. All patients acquired their infections in the hospital, and no seasonal variation was observed. Among patients with A. baumannii bacteremia, 91% were hospitalized in an intensive care unit, 99% had indwelling vascular catheters, 81% received prior broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy, 70% were mechanically ventilated, and 47% had major surgical procedures. In 39 cases (45%) the infection was related to indwelling vascular access devices. Other infections included pneumonia (9%), tracheobronchitis (22%), meningitis (2%), and burn wound infections (4%). Septic shock occurred in 30% of patients. All isolates were multidrug resistant. Polymicrobial bacteremia was observed in 35% of cases. The crude mortality rate was 44%. Death was considered attributable to A. baumannii bacteremia in 15 (19%) patients. All patients with pneumonia as the primary site of infection died. Using multivariate analysis, we identified 3 independent predictors of mortality: the presence of a rapidly or ultimately fatal underlying disease (p = 0.0009), septic shock at the onset of bacteremia (p = 0.0013), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.016). Epidemiologic typing revealed that 82 episodes were associated with different hospital outbreaks of infection, and only 7 episodes were due to epidemiologically unrelated strains.
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PMID:Nosocomial bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii. Clinical features, epidemiology, and predictors of mortality. 750 Aug 97

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans. It has also been associated with chronic conditions, such as arthritis, and extrapulmonary complications, such as encephalitis. Although the interaction of mycoplasmas with respiratory epithelial cells is a critical early phase of pathogenesis, little is known about the cascade of events initiated by infection of respiratory epithelial cells by mycoplasmas. Previous studies have shown that M. pneumoniae can induce proinflammatory cytokines in several different study systems including cultured murine and human monocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that M. pneumoniae infection also induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Infection of A549 cells resulted in increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA, and both proteins were secreted into culture medium. IL-1 beta mRNA also increased after infection and IL-1 beta protein was synthesized, but it remained intracellular. In contrast, levels of IL-6 and gamma interferon mRNA and protein remained unchanged or undetectable. Using protease digestion and antibody blocking methods, we found that M. pneumoniae cytoadherence is important for the induction of cytokines. On the other hand, while M. pneumoniae protein synthesis and DNA synthesis do not appear to be prerequisites for the induction of cytokine gene expression, A549 cellular de novo protein synthesis is responsible for the increased cytokine protein levels. These results suggest a novel role for lung epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection and provide a better understanding of M. pneumoniae pathology at the cellular level.
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PMID:Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 1206 6

A fatal case of influenza A infection with Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in a previously healthy 49-year-old woman presenting as sudden, unexpected death is reported. Autopsy revealed severe necrotizing tracheobronchitis and hemorrhagic pneumonia. Microscopic examination of the trachea and bronchi showed mucosal necrosis and a dense lympho-monocytic infiltration of all layers. The lungs showed focal hemorrhagic pneumonia. No pathological changes were detectable in the myocardium. Influenza A virus was detected in bronchi and lung samples obtained during autopsy by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial superinfection with Staphylococcus aureus was shown by culturing from tracheal, bronchial and pulmonary swabs obtained during autopsy. PCR assays for the detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin performed from all samples were negative. This case demonstrates the need for an interdisciplinary approach towards an organism-specific diagnosis of potentially infection-related deaths undergoing a medico-legal autopsy. With improved diagnostic possibilities such as PCR and DNA sequencing, forensic pathologists can, in close association with the field of microbiology, make a significant contribution to the detection of highly infectious agents which must be notified to the authorities. This will increase particularly the knowledge about the influence of these agents on sudden, unexpected deaths in outpatients.
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PMID:Fatal influenza A infection with Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in a 49-year-old woman presenting as sudden death. 1532 29

Canine adenoviruses are a major cause of disease in dogs, coyotes, red foxes and wolves, as well as in other carnivores and marine mammals. Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) cause infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB), respectively. In this study, a duplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection and characterisation of CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 was developed by using a single primer pair and virus-specific probes. The assay was validated testing standard DNAs produced on purpose and clinical samples of various matrices known to be positive for CAdV-1, CAdV-2 or both viruses. Precise calculation of DNA loads in samples containing a wide range of viral amounts was allowed by generating a standard curve for absolute quantification. The assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions with the different CAdV type was observed, and sensitive, being able to detect less than 10 copies of CAdV-1/CAdV-2 DNA. The low intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variations demonstrated a high repeatability, thus confirming the potential use of this assay for quantitative detection of CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 for rapid diagnosis and epidemiological investigations.
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PMID:A duplex real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan technology for simultaneous detection and differentiation of canine adenovirus types 1 and 2. 2704 Jan 13