Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the complications and errors in tracheal intubation and tracheostomy, development of algorithm of steps for provision of endotracheal access in patients with hematological diseases. Provision of endotracheal access in 115 patients with blood system diseases is analyzed retrospectively. A total of 113 orotracheal, 50 nasotracheal intubations, and 48 tracheostomies were carried out. In 6 patients fibrobronchoscope was used for intubation because of pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome, inflammatory changes, and soft tissue edema of the face and neck; in 2 patients tracheostoma was inserted under local anesthesia. In 12 patients nasotracheal intubation was complicated by nasal bleeding. The most frequent and serious complication in patients with a tube in the trachea was obturation of the tube with sputum (9.7% of orotracheal intubations, 30% of nasotracheal intubations, and 15% of tracheostomas). Extubation/decannulation was carried out in 20 patients. One patient developed cicatricial stenosis of the trachea after tracheostoma. Hemorrhagic tracheobronchitis was endoscopically diagnosed most often (in 55 cases). Autopsy showed hemorrhages in the mucosa in 68.2%, in soft tissues adjacent to tracheostoma in 41.4%, and suppurative inflammation in 15.2% cases. Hence, hemorrhagic tracheobronchitis, hemorrhages in the mucosa, soft tissues of the trachea and bronchi are the most frequent clinical and morphological complications in patients with depressed hemopoiesis. Indications for nasotracheal intubation in this patient population should be limited. Early tracheostomy is recommended. Algorithm of steps ensuring the patency of airways in patients subjected to forced ventilation of the lungs is offered.
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PMID:[Comparative evaluation of different tracheal accesses for artificial ventilation of the lungs in patients with depressed hematopoiesis]. 1151 Mar 53

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme activities, and total protein (TP), calcium, inorganic phosphate, urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were investigated for their relative importance in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in dogs. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 26 dogs (20 with respiratory diseases and six controls) following anaesthesia with sodium pentothal. Enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were measured in BAL fluid. LDH and ALP levels were significantly increased in 12 dogs with bronchopneumonia, but not in eight dogs with tracheobronchitis. Insignificant and variable levels of TP and UN concentrations were found in both groups. It was concluded that LDH and ALP enzyme activities could be considered as pointers to pulmonary inflammation and/or damage while TP and UN measurements in BAL fluid may have a place in the identification of changes in respiratory and vascular permeability.
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PMID:Specific enzyme activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as an aid to diagnosis of tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia in dogs. 1188 93

A 4-month-old ex-premature infant with severe airway obstruction from subglottic cysts presented for surgical cyst removal. Laryngeal and tracheal surgical procedures in children may present difficulties for the anesthetist because the airway is shared with the surgeon. We report the use of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) to maintain ventilation and provide adequate surgical access. Anesthesia was induced using sevoflurane in oxygen and was maintained with intravenous infusions of propofol 7.5 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) and remifentanil 0.4 microg.kg(-1).min(-1). The suction channel of the ENT laryngoscope was used to introduce an 8-FG ureteric drainage catheter into the larynx and this catheter was used to provide HFJV. Obstruction to expiratory flow was a major concern and was dependent on good positioning of the rigid laryngoscope. Complications such as barotrauma, pneumopericardium, CO2-retention, necrotizing tracheobronchitis, and gastric rupture dictate a fastidious technique.
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PMID:Jet ventilation for laryngotracheal surgery in an ex-premature infant. 1610 12