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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tracheobronchitis due to herpes simplex virus is a well-recognized finding in cases of burns, debilitation, or immunosuppression. Nearly all reported cases have been diagnosed at necropsy despite the possibility for clinical detection of such infections by exfoliative cytological studies, virus isolation and identification, or both. The present report details the cytologic and virologic diagnosis of herpetic tracheobronchitis in a patient with carcinoma of the lung and alcoholic fatty liver. Respiratory cells with herpetic infection cytologically showed less tendency to multinucleation than the characteristic herpes-infected cells of squamous epithelium, which may be a source of diagnostic confusion.
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PMID:Herpetic tracheobronchitis. Cytologic and virologic detection. 16 93

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans. It has also been associated with chronic conditions, such as arthritis, and extrapulmonary complications, such as encephalitis. Although the interaction of mycoplasmas with respiratory epithelial cells is a critical early phase of pathogenesis, little is known about the cascade of events initiated by infection of respiratory epithelial cells by mycoplasmas. Previous studies have shown that M. pneumoniae can induce proinflammatory cytokines in several different study systems including cultured murine and human monocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that M. pneumoniae infection also induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Infection of A549 cells resulted in increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA, and both proteins were secreted into culture medium. IL-1 beta mRNA also increased after infection and IL-1 beta protein was synthesized, but it remained intracellular. In contrast, levels of IL-6 and gamma interferon mRNA and protein remained unchanged or undetectable. Using protease digestion and antibody blocking methods, we found that M. pneumoniae cytoadherence is important for the induction of cytokines. On the other hand, while M. pneumoniae protein synthesis and DNA synthesis do not appear to be prerequisites for the induction of cytokine gene expression, A549 cellular de novo protein synthesis is responsible for the increased cytokine protein levels. These results suggest a novel role for lung epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection and provide a better understanding of M. pneumoniae pathology at the cellular level.
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PMID:Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 1206 6