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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve cases of tuberculous tracheobronchitis were identified by bronchofiberscopy out of 185 tuberculous patients, and they are classified into four groups based on the chest X-ray findings and its pathogenesis, Group 1 (two cases); extensive endobronchial tuberculosis without radiographically demonstrable lesion. Group 2 (three cases); endobronchial tuberculosis occurring in airway that drains a pulmonary cavity or active lesion. Group 3 (four cases); endobronchial tuberculosis occurring in minimal cases of tuberculosis with radiographically fibrocaseous or fibroproductive type lesions. Group 4 (three cases); invasion of bronchus by perforation of hilar tuberculous adenitis. This classification would undoubtedly be better to understand tuberculous involvement of the bronchial tree than those previously reported classifications based on the bronchoscopic findings and clinical symptoms. Furthermore, it was found that the extent of the lung lesions showed no relation with the incidence of tuberculous tracheobronchitis. There is some differences among these four groups in terms of chest roentgenographic features, clinical symptoms and bronchoscopic findings. However, the presence of the third group has not been clearly recognized, as such type of the disease believed to exist in cases with extensive pulmonary involvement. Characteristics of the third group are mild clinical symptoms, inactive radiographic appearances and insidious clinical course, and most such cases are detected by the mass survey, and the diagnosis can be made only by endoscopic examinations. The incidence of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in our clinic was 6.5%, and that of the fourth group was 1.6%. Brief discussion was made on the endoscopic classification, pathogeneses, endoscopic changes during the course of chemotherapy and management of bronchial stenosis.
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PMID:[Tracheobronchial tuberculosis observed from the chest X-ray findings and its pathogenesis]. 274 18

The diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of bronchoscopy was determined in 85 children. The major indications were foreign body removal in younger patients and evaluation of tracheobronchial pathology in older children. Foreign body was commonly isolated in the toddlers and even in the elder age group (19%) as well as in those with suspected ingestion (44%). Groundnut was the predominant foreign body and right bronchus was the most frequent site. Tracheobronchitis (27%), bronchiectasis (13%) endobronchial tuberculosis (9.4%) and mucus plug (3%) were the other frequent findings. Bronchography was performed in 16 patients and it confirmed the diagnosis in 75% of the cases. Minor complications were encountered in 8% of patients. In the present study bronchoscopy yielded definite results in 83% and in many, including those with normal findings it guided further management.
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PMID:Diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of bronchoscopy. 1082 48

In primary infection tuberculosis, the infected hilar gland(s) may cause involvement of peripheral lung tissue not only by pressure but also by rupture and discharge of caseous material into a bronchus. Atelectasis or lung infection or both may result and bronchiectasis may ensue.Early bronchoscopy is required when this form of tuberculosis fails to subside promptly under treatment.Bronchography is indicated to detect residual bronchiectasis which should be removed surgically.Three of six proved cases of Group A tuberculous tracheobronchitis caused by an ulcerating hilar gland required pulmonary resection for removal of residual bronchiectasis; two of these were complicated by atelectasis. All six patients are alive and well.
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PMID:The ulcerating tuberculous hilar gland. 1395 11

We present a rare case of tracheobronchitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus. The patient was a 79-year-old man with a previous history of tuberculosis. For smear examinations, he repeatedly expectorated many acid-fast bacilli. Bronchoscopic examination revealed the presence of ulceration on the lower end of the trachea and extending to the right main bronchus. Mycobacterial cultures were used to grow Mycobacterium abscessus. Following an antimicrobial regimen of clarithromycin, amikacin, and cefoxitin, the patient exhibited marked improvement. After initial multidrug therapy, the patient was placed on clarithromycin for 10 months. No relapse has occurred to date.
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PMID:[A case of bronchial ulcer due to infection by Mycobacterium abscessus]. 1556 8

The definition of broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infections in non-immunocompromised patients remains vague and a wide range of clinical, radiological and pathological entities have been described with a variety of names, i.e. simple aspergilloma, complex aspergilloma, semi-invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis, pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus, and invasive aspergillosis. However, these disease entities share common characteristics suggesting that they belong to the same group of pulmonary aspergillosis infectious disorders: 1- a specific diathesis responsible for the deterioration in local or systemic defenses against infection (alcohol, tobacco abuse, or diabetes); 2- an underlying bronchopulmonary disease responsible or not for the presence of a residual pleural or bronchopulmonary cavity (active tuberculosis or tuberculosis sequelae, bronchial dilatation, sarcoidosis, COPD); 3- generally, the prolonged use of low-dose oral or inhaled corticosteroids and 4- little or no vascular invasion, a granulomatous reaction and a low tendency for metastasis. There are no established treatment guidelines for broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infection in non-immunocompromised patients, except for invasive aspergillosis. Bronchial artery embolization may stop hemoptysis in certain cases. Surgery is generally impossible because of impaired respiratory function or the severity of the comorbidity and when it is possible morbidity and mortality are very high. Numerous clinical cases and short retrospective series have reported the effect over time of the various antifungal agents available. Oral triazoles, i.e. itraconazole, and in particular voriconazole, appear to provide suitable treatment for broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infections in non-immunocompromised patients.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis infections in the non-immunocompromised patient]. 1767 39

Pseudomembranous aspergillus tracheobronchitis superimposed on post-tuberculosis tracheal stenosis has not been previously reported. In the patient described in this case report, the airway obstruction was worsened by aspergillus infection which responded to antifungal therapy and debridement of pseudomembranous tissues by rigid bronchoscopic procedures. A silicone stent was successfully placed in the trachea to restore airway patency when there was no more evidence of tracheobronchial aspergillosis. This case raises the questions of whether, how and when to restore airway patency in patients with tracheal stenosis and concurrent aspergillus tracheobronchitis.
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PMID:Pseudomembranous aspergillus tracheobronchitis superimposed on post-tuberculosis tracheal stenosis. 1914 60

Acute mediastinitis (AM) is a rare but life-threatening disease. Here, we report a case of AM secondary to endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and pseudomembranous Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (PMATB) co-infection. EBTB was confirmed by tissue culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) detection (simultaneous detection of M. tuberculosis and resistance to rifampin) using endobronchial biopsies; PMATB was confirmed by histopathology. Even with antibiotic treatment and systemic support treatment, the patient died of massive hemoptysis on day 10 after admission. When immunocompromised hosts have AM, especially with central airway involvement, EBTB and aspergillosis should be considered potential causes. Bronchoscopy is helpful for rapid diagnosis and administering precise treatment.
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PMID:Acute mediastinitis associated with tracheobronchial tuberculosis and aspergillosis: a case report and literature review. 3243 Nov 85