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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progressive pulmonary insufficiency appears to be a universal response to the lung to a variety of injuries which damage the pulmonary-capillary emdothelium. Persistent hyperventilation, unresponsive to the administration of oxygen, is the earliest clinical sign of this complication of trauma and should prompt close monitoring of pulmonary function (measurement of arterial blood gas and pH levels, Vd/Vt A-aDo2, minute ventilation, vital capacity and inspiratory force) to assess the severity of the disease, the need for mechanical ventilatory support and the effectiveness of treatment. Other pulmonary complications of burn injury range from carbon monoxide poisoning and narcotics overdosage in the immediate postburn period through marked hyperventilation directly related to burn size occurring in the absence of significant parenchymal change to later occurring hematogenous and airborne pneumonia. Inhalation injury, a chemical tracheobronchitis which significantly increases the mortality of a given-sized burn, may be present immediately postburn but clinically inapparent for 48-72 hours. 133Xenon lung scans permit early diagnosis of this pulmonary injury and the timely institution of a graduated therapeutic response keyed to the severity of pulmonary disability. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of each of these complications is requisite for the physician caring for burn patients and permits the employment of rational preventive and therapeutic measures.
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PMID:Progressive pulmonary insufficiency and other pulmonary complications of thermal injury. 109 77

By pediatricians the high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is used almost only in the neonatal period. We report on the administration of HFOV in infants with pulmonary insufficiency after failure of conventional ventilatory support. 6 infants (aged 2-7 months, all former preterm babies) were referred to our hospital due to severe pneumonia after unsuccessful conservative management. Indications for HFOV were hypoxia (mean paO2 41.8 mm Hg with FiO2 = 0.95 and mean airway pressure = 16.6 cm H2O) and/or air leak syndrome. In all cases a sufficient oxygenation could be achieved by HFOV, followed then by stepwise reduction of FiO2 and MAP. The air leaks receded. After 12-178 h on HFOV a successful switchback to conventional ventilatory support (at FiO2 = 0.48 and MAP < 12 cm H2O) was possible, all infants were extubated 6-15 days later. Possible risks of HFOV are air leaks, a necrotizing tracheobronchitis and hemodynamic changes due to compression of the heart and great vessels. With the at the moment in Germany available oscillatory ventilators HFOV as a rescue therapy must be limited for infants with a body weight below 5-6 kg.
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PMID:[High frequency oscillatory ventilation of infants with severe respiratory disorders: possibilities, risks and limits]. 805 9