Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The macroscopic findings of 2385 autopsy protocolls of 70-102 year-old males and females were analysed for frequency and functional significance of diseases. 1. Severe coronary arteriosclerosis was found up to 60% of the cases, with increasing frequency in higher age groups. However decrease of acute myocardial necrosis was stated including the highest age group. 2. The mean values of heart weights decrease in the highest age groups. 3. While the frequency of arteriosclerosis in the cerebral arteries increases the frequency of ischemic lesions of the brain decreases. 4. Benign hyperplasia of the prostate is found in 85% of the cases. 5. 80% of the patients had severe substantial chronic pulmonary emphysema and acute tracheobronchitis. These pulmonary lesions are supposed to be the functionally most important disease in patients of old age.
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PMID:[Pathological-anatomical findings in 70-102 years old Caucasians (author's transl)]. 6 3

Environmental lung injury may take the form of acute tracheobronchitis, asthma, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, allergic pneumonitis, fibrosing alveolitis, pleurisy, and neoplastic disease. Environmental factors eliciting these responses include irritant gases and fumes, oxidants, organic allergens, inorganic dust, bacterial enzymes, and high partial pressures of oxygen. The basic pulmonary reactions to these toxic agents--bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, inflammation, carcinogenesis--may be mediated, aggravated, or modulated by biologically active substances. These humoral agents include biogenic amines (e.g. histamine): peptides (e.g., bradykinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and spasmogenic lung peptide); enzymes (e.g., proteases, superoxide dismutase, and mixed function oxidases); and acidic lipids (e.g., prostaglandins, prostaglandin endoperoxides, and thromboxanes).
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PMID:Environmental injury of the lung: role of humoral mediators. 35 83

Expiratory stenosis of the trachea and the main bronchi is caused first of all by slackening of the pars membranacea in rarer cases by tracheomalacia or tracheomegalia. Often it is associated with other respiratory diseases above all tracheobronchitis, emphysema and pneumosclerosis. Predominant clinical symptoms are dyspnoea, barking cough and attacks of suffocation. X-ray-pictures in several diameters and levels and bronchological examinations are crucial for securiting the diagnosis. Among 95 patients of all age groups 14 were operated on predominantly according to the method of NISSEN. Operation is contradicted in stages of severe emphysema with respiratory insufficiency of bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis or of chronic bronchitis. In 10 patients a good result was achieved by the operation.
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PMID:[Surgery of expiratory stenosis of the thoracic part of the trachea and main bronchi (author's transl)]. 79 6

Respiration was tested in 66 patients with middle (15) and lower (51) esophageal cancer. In 32 patients damages in respiration biomechanics before surgery have been observed. In 26 patients respiratory failure was associated with concomitant diseases (pneumosclerosis, lung emphysema, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). 28 patients developed postoperative complications, in 22 of them lungs were affected (pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, pleuritis, pleural emphysema). Those complications were more frequently encountered in patients with signs of respiratory failure before surgery (72.7% of cases). It has been shown that with PEF less than 65%, FVC less than 85%, MEF 75% less than 65%, MEF50% less than 70%, MMF less than 70% and MVV less than 65% of due values, the likelihood of pulmonary complications in the postoperative period is enhanced.
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PMID:[The function of the external respiration in patients with cancer of the esophagus before and after surgery]. 152 48

The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends on the nature of the offending agent, its physicochemical form, the dose, exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl (Nl(CO)4, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobronchitis. Metal fume fever, which may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood influenza-like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis. Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to mineral dusts, including probably some metallic dusts, or from jobs involving the working of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic sensitization. The cause of asthma in aluminium workers is unknown. It is remarkable that asthma induced by nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) is apparently infrequent, considering their potency and frequent involvement as dermal sensitizers. Metallic dusts deposited in the lung may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis and functional impairment, depending on the fibrogenic potential of the agent and on poorly understood host factors. Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis. Hard metal lung disease is a fibrosis characterized by desquamative and giant cell interstitial pneumonitis and is probably caused by cobalt, since a similar disease has been observed in workers exposed to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide. Chronic beryllium disease is a fibrosis with sarcoid-like epitheloid granulomas and is presumably due to a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Such a mechanism may be responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis occasionally found in subjects exposed to other metals e.g. aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), rare earths. The proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupation is around 15%, with exposure to metals being frequently incriminated. Underground mining of e.g. uranium or iron is associated with a high incidence of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to radon. At least some forms of arsenic, chromium and nickel are well established lung carcinogens in humans. There is also evidence for increased lung cancer mortality in cadmium workers and in iron or steel workers.
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PMID:Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. 217 66

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) is characterized by acute episodes of airway obstruction, hypercarbia, and lack of chest movement in mechanically ventilated neonates. Emergency bronchoscopic removal of necrotic tissue is essential for survival. Although postmortem lesions extend into smaller bronchi, survivors have not demonstrated residual tracheobronchial abnormalities. Two infants were treated successfully for NTB but succumbed to diffuse tracheobronchial strictures with progressive pulmonary hyperinflation. A third neonate with esophageal atresia and left pulmonary agenesis developed NTB. Despite initial postbronchoscopic improvement, the infant died at age 6 weeks with diffuse obstructing NTB. All three infants required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. High-frequency jet ventilation was not used. Tracheal cultures for fungi, bacteria and viruses were negative. Successful treatment of NTB may be followed acutely by recurrence of NTB and chronically by diffuse tracheobronchial strictures and emphysema.
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PMID:Diffuse necrotizing tracheobronchitis: an acute and chronic disease. 337 55

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is one of the most serious complications of the respiratory distress syndrome. Its presence significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Preliminary reports have demonstrated the success of high-frequency ventilation in the treatment of pulmonary interstitial emphysema. In a previous investigation, we were able to develop a formula for predicting death in infants weighing less than 1,500 g with pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Using this subgroup of severely affected infants, we studied the efficacy of high-frequency ventilation in nine infants. Using the Volumetric Diffusive Respirator, we observed improvement in all respiratory values measured (pH, PCO2, and PO2), a significantly decreased mean airway pressure (MAP), and improvement in neonatal mortality. Complications of severe bleeding diatheses, hypotension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing tracheobronchitis were observed. Our investigation was the first to systematically choose infants who might benefit from high-frequency ventilation and to compare them with similar infants with known outcomes. We realize that the study was rescue in nature using historical controls, but we felt compelled to assure the safety of the device before randomizing less sick infants. High-frequency ventilation appears to be effective in the acute management of low birth weight infants with pulmonary interstitial emphysema.
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PMID:High-frequency ventilation in the treatment of infants weighing less than 1,500 grams with pulmonary interstitial emphysema: a pilot study. 358 46

Three hundred patients with subacute or chronic non-tuberculous bronchopulmonary disease were given aerosol therapy, chiefly penicillin and more recently penicillin combined with streptomycin. The result showed that the inhalation of these antibiotics is a useful procedure in the treatment of tracheobronchitis, either subacute or protracted, or in association with bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis or pulmonary emphysema. The method of administration is simple.
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PMID:The use of aerosol penicillin and streptomycin in bronchopulmonary infections. 1543 5

Tracheal lacerations are rare but potentially life-threatening. They are recognized sequelae of cervical or thoracic injuries or complications of endotracheal intubation. Spontaneous tracheal rupture is extremely uncommon and has not been reported in a pediatric patient. This report is the first pediatric case of a spontaneous longitudinal laceration of the posterior membranous cervical trachea, which occurred after violent coughing in a 7-year-old boy with acute tracheobronchitis. The tracheal rupture was detected early with an endoscopic examination and computed tomography. The rupture and emphysema were small, with no major complications, and disappeared with conservative management. This rare case is presented with a review of the possible mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment.
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PMID:Spontaneous tracheal rupture after severe coughing in a 7-year-old boy. 1680 94

A young Golden Retriever dog developed severe respiratory distress following an initial clinical diagnosis of infectious tracheobronchitis. Severe expiratory flow limitation, associated with exertional respiratory distress and hypoxemia was present. Thoracic images obtained with conventional radiography were characterized by hyperinflation and abnormal bronchial and alveolar patterns. Computed tomography was performed and in conjunction with pulmonary functional changes was diagnostic of small airway disease. The dog was treated with a variety of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antitussives, but the clinical signs worsened and the puppy was euthanized. Pathologic examination confirmed severe small airway disease, with emphysema and bronchiolitis.
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PMID:Characterization of severe small airway disease in a puppy using computed tomography. 1700 10


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