Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study focused on 401 children less than 5 years old who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) and diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and who were investigated for the presence of both bacterial and viral respiratory tract pathogens as well as for selected diarrheal pathogens. The most common manifestations of ALRI were pneumonia (374 cases), bronchiolitis (12 cases), and tracheobronchitis (11 cases). The majority (77%) of the illnesses were in children less than 2 years of age, and 88% of the children were malnourished. A respiratory tract pathogen was identified in 30% of the patients, and a diarrheal pathogen was identified in 34%. The overall case-fatality rate in children with ALRI and diarrhea was 8%. The case-fatality rate was 14% in children with bacterial pneumonia and diarrhea, 3% in those with viral pneumonia and diarrhea, and 14% in malnourished children with shigellosis and ALRI. The most common respiratory tract pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza viruses, and Haemophilus influenzae type b.
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PMID:Acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients with diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 227 Apr 12

Twenty autopsy cases with 2009 pandemic influenza A (2009 H1N1) virus infection, performed between August 2009 and February 2010, were histopathologically analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for type A influenza nucleoprotein antigen, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for viral RNA were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. In addition, the D222G amino acid substitution in influenza virus hemagglutinin, which binds to specific cell receptors, was analyzed in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded trachea and lung sections by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified products. There were several histopathological patterns in the lung according to the most remarkable findings in each case: acute diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with a hyaline membrane (four cases), organized DAD (one case), acute massive intra-alveolar edema with variable degrees of hemorrhage (three cases), neutrophilic bronchopneumonia (five cases) and tracheobronchitis with limited histopathological changes in alveoli (four cases). In two cases, the main findings were due to preexisting disease. Influenza virus antigen was only detected in the respiratory tract in 10 cases by immunohistochemistry. The antigen was detected in type II pneumocytes (three cases) in the epithelial cells of the trachea, bronchi and glands (six cases), and in the epithelial cells in both of the above (one case). The four cases with acute DAD presented with antigen-positive type II pneumocytes. In one case, the D222G substitution was detected in the lung as a major sequence, although 222D was prominent in the trachea, suggesting that selection of the viral clones occurred in the respiratory tract. In five cases, the pathogenesis of 2009 H1N1 was confirmed to be viral infection in pneumocytes, which caused severe alveolar damage and fatal viral pneumonia. Further studies on both host and viral factors in autopsy or biopsy materials will be essential to elucidate the other pathogenic factors involved in influenza virus infection.
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PMID:Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 20 autopsy cases with 2009 H1N1 virus infection. 2187 12