Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 30 patients with pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, 26 had infection due to nontypable and 4 due to typable organisms. Biotype I isolates were implicated with surprising frequency. Blood cultures were positive in six patients. An additional 14 patients, all with nontypable H. influenzae infection, had febrile purulent tracheobronchitis that was clinically indistinguishable from pneumonia except for the absence of a radiographic infiltrate; none were bacteremic. Penicillin susceptibility was shown for 95% of isolates, and response to ampicillin was prompt. Patients had high serum levels of bactericidal antibody on admission but had lower levels of serum opsonizing activity against their own organism than did uninfected carriers with chronic bronchitis; 2 to 3 weeks later, levels of opsonizing antibody had risen to equal those of carriers. Deficient opsonizing activity may have contributed to susceptibility to infection. These findings identify both host and bacterial factors that may cause susceptibility to pulmonary infection from H. influenzae.
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PMID:Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to haemophilus influenzae. 660 4

In recent years, pulmonary complications have become a major cause of death in burn victims. Familiarity with the spectrum of these complications leads to an earlier and more specific diagnosis based on chest radiographs. We reviewed the medical records and chest radiographs of 239 patients admitted to our burn unit over a one-year period. Pulmonary complications were categorized on the basis of their anatomic location in the respiratory tract and on whether they were the result of direct chemical injury from smoke inhalation, or were secondary to inhalation injury with or without cutaneous burns. Tracheobronchitis, chemical pulmonary edema, and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulted from direct injury. Pneumonia, ARDS, pulmonary congestion, atelectasis and pulmonary emboli were the main complications secondary to the injury. Pulmonary complications developed in 76 patients (31.8%) and, of these, 57 died (75%). Patients involved in a closed space fire and those who had a burn involving 50% or more of their surface area seem to be at the greatest risk of developing pulmonary complications.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications in burn patients. 666 83

Colonization of the lower respiratory tract by enteric Gram-negative bacilli (EGNB) has been a frequent finding in patients with long-term tracheostomies; however, the association of hospitalization and certain features of serious illness with this phenomenon has not been clearly established. Because such factors can render the oropharynx more susceptible to EGNB colonization, we sought to discover whether they can also have this effect on the tracheobronchial tree and its microflora. Thus, we collected serial paired culture samples from these two mucosal sites in 15 subjects with long-term tracheostomies and examined patterns and rates of colonization and related these findings to clinical parameters. In 49 sets of cultures, we found that EGNB (especially Pseudomonas species) were present in significantly fewer upper-airway cultures (36.7 percent) than lower-airway cultures (75.5 percent) (p = 0.009). At the tracheobronchial site, seven subjects had persistent EGNB colonization, all with Pseudomonas species, while only one subject had this finding at the oropharyngeal site (p = 0.015). Patients with persistent tracheobronchial colonization were more ill than those without this finding. They were treated with higher doses of prednisone (p = 0.06), received antibiotics more often, and developed purulent tracheobronchitis more often (100 percent vs 25 percent) than patients without persistent colonization. In addition, in the month following the culture survey, four subjects developed pneumonia, and three of these had previous persistent tracheobronchial colonization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Respiratory infection complicating long-term tracheostomy. The implication of persistent gram-negative tracheobronchial colonization. 669 Feb 50

To facilitate continuous collection of exhaled air in conscious unmedicated dogs, a surgical technique of permanent tracheostomy was developed. Small portions of cartilagenous rings were dissected from the trachea creating a stoma approximately 0.5 x 2 cm. The tracheal mucosa and cut cartilage was secured to the dermis in such as manner that skin covered sternohyoid muscle covered the permanent tracheostomy when not in use. This allowed the dog to use its upper respiratory tract more effectively, preventing the frequent complication of tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. This procedure resulted in a maintenance-free stoma that did not require a high humidity environment or special care.
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PMID:Permanent tracheostomy for expired air collection in conscious dogs. 671 64

Epidemiologic characteristics of childhood tracheobronchitis occurring over a 104-month period in Chapel Hill, NC, were ascertained and compared to those of other pediatric lower respiratory illness (LRI) syndromes. Tracheobronchitis accounted for 40% of all LRI seen at the community's only pediatric practice. Tracheobronchitis incidence was highest during the first two years of life, through the ratio of tracheobronchitis incidence to total LRI incidence increased with age. A viral pathogen or Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from 23% of tracheobronchitis cases; the agents most commonly isolated were parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and M. pneumoniae. Influenza virus, particularly type B, was isolated more commonly in tracheobronchitis than in other LRI syndromes. Over all age groups, peak incidence of tracheobronchitis, like that of pneumonia and bronchiolitis, occurred during the winter months. In school-age children, however, tracheobronchitis incidence was more likely than that of other syndromes to be elevated in late winter or early spring, when several influenza B outbreaks occurred in Chapel Hill. Available evidence suggests that risk of chronic respiratory disease is related inversely to age at which acute respiratory infection first occurs, and that a component of wheezing may not be required to confer such risk. These considerations, coupled with the high incidence of tracheobronchitis early in life, warrant further description of this syndrome and assessment of its implications.
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PMID:The epidemiology of tracheobronchitis in pediatric practice. 679 94

Incidence and extent of pulmonary complications were evaluated retrospectively in 101 patients with hepatic coma (34 patients with acute liver failure, 57 patients with hepatic encephalopathy and 10 patients with mixed forms). 76 patients (73.3%) had pulmonary complications (pulmonary edema 57 cases, pneumonia 20 cases, tracheobronchitis 30 cases). Lethality of the group with pulmonary complications was 97% as compared to 16% in the group without pulmonary complications. Pathogenesis of pulmonary complications is not completely clear; different mechanisms are being discussed like central mechanisms, vascular lesions caused by metabolic or toxic factors, cardiac failure, and increased susceptibility to infection. In 9 out of 59 cases (15.3%) with respiratory failure no morphological changes could be observed in the lungs; in these cases intrapulmonary shunts might have been the cause for the pulmonary complications. The incidence of pulmonary complications increased by a factor of 2.4 during intensive care unit treatment of the patients; this increase shows, that intensive care unit treatment still has to be improved.
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PMID:[Pulmonary complications in hepatic coma]. 682 Jun 75

The records of 794 tracheostomized patients were studied in order to discover complication associated with tracheostomy. Bacterial colonization was found in 92% of patients from whom tracheal secretions were cultured, crusted airways in 5%, tracheobronchitis is 16%, pneumonia in 22% and tracheobronchial bleeding in 22% of patients in the form of bloody secretions. Tracheo-arterial erosion with massive bleeding was confirmed in five patients and treatment was successful in one case only. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula was diagnosed in three patients at autopsy. After extubation, symptomatic tracheal stenosis developed in nine patients, two of whom died. The overall mortality rate was 46% reflecting the seriousness of patients' diseases. Tracheostomy related mortality rate was 1.4%. The study was divided into two periods, one before the introduction of an intensive care unit (ICU) and the second thereafter when most of the patients were treated in ICU. The total number of complications during tracheostomy operation was higher during the first period than that in the second period. During tracheostomy treatment, crusted airways were confirmed more often during the first period whereas tracheobronchitis was observed more frequently during the second period. In other respects the incidence of separate complications did not differ statistically. The total number of complications increased but the incidence of separate complications did not increase, although there was a greater number of patients who were tracheostomized or received respirator treatment for a long period.
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PMID:Tracheostomy and its complications. A retrospective study of 794 tracheostomized patients. 732 83

A 3-mo-old female presented with growth retardation, vomiting, reflux esophagitis, recurrent aspiration pneumonias, and was found to have megaesophagus and microgastria. After the failure of conservative therapy a double-lumen jejunal (Hunt-Lawrence) pouch with distal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was anastomosed to the stomach to increase the gastric reservoir. One year later, there has been progressive weight gain, the megaesophagus and gastroesophageal reflux have lessened significantly, pneumonia has not recurred, and the tracheobronchitis and esophagitis have resolved. This suggests that the gastroesophageal reflux and megaesophagus were due to an inadequate reservoir with a secondary gastric overflow as the esophagus dilated to enlarge the reservoir capacity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Utilization of a jejunal pouch increased the size of the gastric reservoir, allowed resolution of the secondary esophageal changes, and permitted normal growth to proceed.
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PMID:Management of congenital microgastria with a jejunal reservoir pouch. 746 90

To study the possible predisposing factors, clinical features, molecular epidemiology, and factors affecting mortality associated with bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii, we reviewed 87 episodes of A. baumannii bacteremia occurring in 79 patients hospitalized at 2 university tertiary care centers and 4 community-based hospitals during a recent 18-month period. Plasmid DNA analysis and analysis of genomic DNA with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to investigate possible epidemiologic relationship. All patients acquired their infections in the hospital, and no seasonal variation was observed. Among patients with A. baumannii bacteremia, 91% were hospitalized in an intensive care unit, 99% had indwelling vascular catheters, 81% received prior broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy, 70% were mechanically ventilated, and 47% had major surgical procedures. In 39 cases (45%) the infection was related to indwelling vascular access devices. Other infections included pneumonia (9%), tracheobronchitis (22%), meningitis (2%), and burn wound infections (4%). Septic shock occurred in 30% of patients. All isolates were multidrug resistant. Polymicrobial bacteremia was observed in 35% of cases. The crude mortality rate was 44%. Death was considered attributable to A. baumannii bacteremia in 15 (19%) patients. All patients with pneumonia as the primary site of infection died. Using multivariate analysis, we identified 3 independent predictors of mortality: the presence of a rapidly or ultimately fatal underlying disease (p = 0.0009), septic shock at the onset of bacteremia (p = 0.0013), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.016). Epidemiologic typing revealed that 82 episodes were associated with different hospital outbreaks of infection, and only 7 episodes were due to epidemiologically unrelated strains.
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PMID:Nosocomial bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii. Clinical features, epidemiology, and predictors of mortality. 750 Aug 97

Herpetic tracheobronchitis and pneumonia occur basically in immunodepressed patients, but have rarely been reported in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some large reviews on pulmonary manifestations in AIDS report a small number of herpetic pulmonary infections, without determining any prevalence of this particular viral involvement. Predisposing factors are alteration of cell-mediated immunity and invasive procedures (such as endotracheal tube use) in debilitated patients. The case we report illustrates the occurrence of a herpetic tracheitis in an HIV-infected patient with severe P. carinii pneumonia, needing systemic corticotherapy and mechanical ventilation. It illustrates the risk of dissemination of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from a herpetic stomatitis to the lower respiratory tract, even after the endotracheal cannula has been removed.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus tracheitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 787 88


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