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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve pairs of fetal lambs were used to test the hypothesis that the necrotizing tracheobronchitis followed by squamous metaplasia seen in premature infants who develop chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia might be related to low retinol stores and might, therefore, be reversed by retinol supplementation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was used to model the growth factor stimulus initiated by chronic wounding of the airways, and retinol was used as a differentiator of proliferating cells stimulated by EGF. Saline-treated animals were used as controls, as were fetal lambs receiving retinol alone or EGF alone. The effects of EGF on tracheal and bronchial epithelium consisted of proliferation of basal and intermediate cells, necrosis and slough of lining ciliated and mucous-producing cells, followed by squamous metaplasia. In fetal lambs given retinol, plasma, liver and lung retinol levels rose and mucous producing cells were increased in number. In the presence of EGF plus retinol, differentiation of mucous-producing cells was accelerated. We believe that this fetal lamb model with low initial levels of retinol in plasma, liver and lung, treated with EGF may mimic human premature infants with chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and that the addition of retinol in amounts sufficient to raise their tissue levels produces a more normal surface epithelium in conducting airways.
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PMID:Effect of retinol on fetal lamb tracheal epithelium, with and without epidermal growth factor. A model for the effect of retinol on the healing lung of human premature infants. 326 Jun 40

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is one of the most serious complications of the respiratory distress syndrome. Its presence significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Preliminary reports have demonstrated the success of high-frequency ventilation in the treatment of pulmonary interstitial emphysema. In a previous investigation, we were able to develop a formula for predicting death in infants weighing less than 1,500 g with pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Using this subgroup of severely affected infants, we studied the efficacy of high-frequency ventilation in nine infants. Using the Volumetric Diffusive Respirator, we observed improvement in all respiratory values measured (pH, PCO2, and PO2), a significantly decreased mean airway pressure (MAP), and improvement in neonatal mortality. Complications of severe bleeding diatheses, hypotension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing tracheobronchitis were observed. Our investigation was the first to systematically choose infants who might benefit from high-frequency ventilation and to compare them with similar infants with known outcomes. We realize that the study was rescue in nature using historical controls, but we felt compelled to assure the safety of the device before randomizing less sick infants. High-frequency ventilation appears to be effective in the acute management of low birth weight infants with pulmonary interstitial emphysema.
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PMID:High-frequency ventilation in the treatment of infants weighing less than 1,500 grams with pulmonary interstitial emphysema: a pilot study. 358 46

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) is an acute inflammatory lesion of the lower airway which can result in total airway obstruction. While potentially treatable, this lesion has been described predominantly in autopsy or animal studies. We observed clinical symptoms which reflect development of this lesion. Symptoms of acute airway obstruction (hypercarbia, respiratory acidosis, decreased chest wall movement) occurred in eight neonates undergoing treatment with high-frequency jet ventilation; five patients treated with HFJV were studied without signs of obstruction. Emergency bronchoscopy using a rigid bronchoscope was performed in the intensive care unit. The diagnosis of NTB was made by the observation of hyperemia, intraluminal debris, or the appearance of eschar formation. Necrotic debris was removed using forceps and/or suction as necessary. All patients survived treatment. Seven were long-term survivors, all with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In patients who died, autopsy evaluation of the airway revealed a characteristic picture consisting of necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, epithelial erosion, and intraluminal obstruction.
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PMID:Necrotizing tracheobronchitis: a newly recognized cause of acute obstruction in mechanically ventilated neonates. 362 23

The scientific evidence for the efficacy of oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemia is limited. In chronic hypoxemia continuous oxygen therapy appears to decrease mortality. Current indications for oxygen treatment are PaO(2) less than 60 in acute hypoxemia and less than 55 in chronic hypoxemia. Physical and physiological hazards of oxygen are reviewed. Three syndromes of pulmonary oxygen toxicity are described: tracheobronchitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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PMID:The appropriate use of oxygen. 2125 58