Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Incidence of respiratory tract infection represents 23% of the total number of admissions between 1-24 months of age, during a period of 18 months. The diagnosis were: bronchiolities, 143 cases; bronchopneumonia, 134 cases; tracheobronchitis, 50 cases; laryngitis, four cases, and bacterial pneumonia, 61 cases. Monthly incidence was maximal in December of each year. From the total group, 144 cases were included in the present study to determine etiology of the infection. In 19% of the cases a serological diagnosis was posible. The adenovirus group was the most frequently found, followed by mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza 2, RS virus and M. parotiditis. RS virus was associated with a clinical picture of bronchopneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae with one of bronchiolitis and adenovirus was indistinctly associated with features either bronchopneumonia or bronchiolitis. In two cases it was detected a mixed infection by two virus: influenza 2 and mycoplasma pneumoniae. In four cases a bacterial surinfection was demonstrated: in two cases with coagulase-positive staphilococus and other two with klebsiella pneumoniae.
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PMID:[Etiology of acute respiratory infection in hospitalized children (author's transl)]. 19 20

In a retrospective review of 53 patients, 58 episodes of infection due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus (Herellea vaginicola) were studied. Although the organism is widely distributed in nature, it is of relatively low virulence since colonization is more frequently noted than infection and since most infections occur in patients subjected to the epidemiologic pressures common to nosocomial, gram-negative bacillary infection: prior antibiotic therapy; instrumentation and manipulation (e.g., endotracheal intubation, urinary bladder catheterization, arterial and venous cannulation); surgery; hospitalization, especially with residence in an intensive care unit; severe underlying disease, either systemic (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy) or localized to the infected area (e.g., prior bacterial or aspirational pneumonia, trauma). Pneumonia was the most common infection due to A. calcoaceticus, and occurred only in patients with a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube in place. In over half the 25 patients, more than one lobe was involved and bronchopneumonia was the usual roentgenographic appearance. Cavitation (2 patients) and empyema formation (3 patients) were uncommon. The severity of acinetobacter pneumonia is reflected in the high mortality rate (44% overall, with a 36% mortality rate due primarily to infection). Tracheobronchitis due to A. calcoaceticus was less severe than pneumonia since no patients died primarily as a result of the infection. Urinary tract infections occurred in five patients, none of whom were ill and none of whom died. Urinary bladder catheterization was thought to be responsible for infection in three patients, and in at least four of the five patients infection was restricted to the lower tract. Wound infections were noted in six patients who had undergone surgery and were related to the presence of foreign bodies in the operative site in five of the patients. Surgical debridement and/or drainage of the infected area was the primary therapeutic measure employed in most cases. Only one patient died and this was a result of noninfectious causes. Skin infection due to A. calcoaceticus was seen in two patients, one of whom exhibited fulminant, fatal cellulitis and septicemia in the setting of pancytopenia. All nine patients with acinetobacter septicemia had received antecedent antibiotic therapy, and in all cases intravenous catheters were in place at the time bacteremia occurred. Clinically, seven of the nine patients were in shock. The mortality rate was 44% overall, with a 22% mortality rate due to infection. Although septicemia was thought to be "line-related" in five of the nine patients, serious post-bacteremic complications developed in three patients: prosthetic valve endocarditis, suppurative thrombophlebitis and subhepatic abscess.
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PMID:Infections with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Herellea vaginicola): clinical and laboratory studies. 84 90

Pulmonary injury resulting from inhalation of chemical and particulate products of incomplete combustion is one of the principal determinants of mortality following burn injury. In this study, the histopathology of inhalation injury was examined in sheep. Mild, moderate, or severe smoke injury was produced in anesthetized sheep by insufflation with various doses of ambient temperature smoke, generated by burning polyethylene, wood pulp, and nonwoven cellulose pads. A total of 64 sheep were exposed and evaluated at times ranging from 15 minutes to 4 weeks after exposure. Morphologic changes in the lungs were studied using light microscopy and both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The primary, dose-responsive injury observed was acute cell membrane damage in the trachea and bronchi leading to edema, progressive necrotic tracheobronchitis with pseudomembrane formation, and airway obstruction. These inflammatory and occlusive effects were followed by congestion, alveolar space edema, atelectasis, and bronchopneumonia. Morphologic changes occurring in the alveolar epithelium following high smoke dosage included intracellular edema in type-I cells, changes in the membrane-bound vacuoles of type-II cells, and septal thickening caused by interstitial edema. No capillary endothelial changes were observed.
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PMID:The morphology of smoke inhalation injury in sheep. 194 67

A case of sudden death is reported that occurred as a result of Duchenne type progressive muscular dystrophy with extreme myogenic changes. These changes consisted of extensive muscular lipomatous transformation, typical of the advanced stage of the disease. The heart showed myocardial fibrosis, the respiratory system acute tracheobronchitis with early signs of bronchopneumonia. The pattern of distribution of the changes in the musculature is discussed with regard to the sudden death as well as to the possibility that medical malpractice may have occurred.
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PMID:[Progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type]. 377 59

The case report of a fatal result in an abortion requested because X-ray diagnostic studies of the gallbladder and intestine had been made during an undiagnosed early pregnancy is presented. A uterine vacuum aspirator had not been purchased by the hospital. A portable laboratory vacuum pump with an appropriate suction trap was used. The apparatus had been used previously in several abortion cases. After dilatation of the cervix and insertion of the aspirating cannula, the pump was turned on. A sudden massive effusion of bloody froth issued from around the cannula. The cannula was removed immediately. It was found that the tubing had been incorrectly connected. The aspirator tube was connected with the pressure outlet of the pump. The tubing was then correctly placed and the uterus emptied. The patient was given succinyl choline, intubated, placed in the Trendelenburg position, and monitored cardiographically. About 30 seconds after the uterine insufflation blood pressure became unobtainable. The pulse slowed to 50 beats/minute and respiration diminished. Cardiac ausculation revealed no sounds. Respiration was maintained using oxygen through an endoctracheal tube. The pulse was still palpable and the EKG showed abnormal QRS complexes. Cyanosis then became evident. Closed chest cardiac massage was used for 1 minute but the patient became pulseless and QRS complexes were bizarre. Then the chest was opened and each ventricle was needled. From each ventricle of the distended heart air hissed under pressure through the needle vent site. The ascending aorta was needled and air escaped under pressure. Cardiac color and action improved when aided by massage. Iv isoproterenol and intracardiac epinephrine were given. An electric defibrillator converted the cardiac rhythm to a sinus rhythm. Norepinephirne brought about hypertension. Blood and albumin were given iv. The patient never regained consciousness. Tracheostomy and a feeding gastrostomy were required. Urinary and respiratory infections followed and the patient died after 2 1/2 months. Autopsy revealed tracheobronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary edema. The brain showed extensive cerebral cortical necrosis. The heart was normal. This maternal death was preventable.
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PMID:Air embolism and maternal death from therapeutic abortion. 502 50

The effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica upper airway colonization on the clinical, radiographic, serologic, pathologic, and pulmonary function changes caused by canine parainfluenza-2 virus (CPIV-2) infection was studied in 24 purebred Beagle pups (10.5 +/- 1.4 weeks old). Eight control dogs (group I) were not colonized or inoculated with CPIV-2. Of the 12 noncolonized dogs inoculated with CPIV-2 (group II), 9 developed antibody titers to CPIV-2 and 10 had clinical signs of infectious canine tracheobronchitis (kennel cough). Group I and group II dogs did not differ in radiographic findings or pulmonary function. Four group II dogs necropsied 1 to 5 days after clinical signs developed had laryngotracheobronchitis and bronchiolar inflammation not present at necropsy on 2 group I dogs. Four dogs had B bronchiseptica upper airway colonization and were inoculated with CPIV-2 (group III). All 4 group III dogs developed positive antibody titers, had clinical signs of kennel cough, and had radiographic changes. Pulmonary dynamic compliance was lower in group III than in group I or group II animals. Respiratory rate and tidal volume did not differ among the 3 groups. The 1 group III dog that was necropsied had changes similar to group II dogs with the addition of lobar bronchopneumonia. The present study indicates that asymptomatic B bronchiseptica colonization may effect the clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function changes produced by CPIV-2 respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Role of canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in kennel cough. 609 51

Inhalation injuries are usually produced by inhalation of gaseous or particulate products of incomplete combustion and are rarely due to heat per se unless steam is inhaled. The clinical and anatomic characteristics of an appropriate animal model should mimic the disease encountered clinically. A model of inhalation injury has been produced in anesthetized goats through the use of a modified bee smoker. The smoke is delivered at a low temperature and contains byproducts of incomplete combustion. This reproducible injury produces necrotic tracheobronchitis and bronchiolitis with pseudomembrane and cast formation in association with mild multifocal atelectasis and bronchopneumonia. These lesions spontaneously resolve within 3 weeks without supportive therapy. The upper trachea, protected from smoke injury by the inflated cuff of the endotracheal tube, showed no evidence of injury. This nonlethal injury is proposed as an appropriate model for evaluation of the pathophysiology and treatment of inhalation injury.
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PMID:Experimental inhalation injury in the goat. 729 65

Invasive aspergillosis is an emerging cause of death in hematologic patients. Several patterns of lung involvement are described: acute tracheobronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pleural aspergillosis and angioinvasive aspergillosis. The latter pattern is the most common one; it is characterized by different signs, some of which, supported by clinical data, are quite suggestive for fungal etiology. Particularly, nodules and/or wedge-shaped lesions with a ground-glass halo are a useful early feature, best detected by HRCT. Early therapy with amphotericin B may improve survival chances. Therefore, in neutropenia patients we decided, when possible, to perform high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as soon as fever appears. This was feasible in 8 of 32 patients with invasive aspergillosis examined with HRCT. Immediate treatment with amphotericin B in one such patient showing a nodule with the halo sign allowed the lesion to completely disappear. The authors describe the frequency of different radiologic signs in 32 patients, as observed in 54 HRCT exams; the results are compared with those obtained with conventional CT and chest X-ray. Compared to chest X-ray, CT detects more lesions and is more sensitive to small pneumothorax and minimal pleural effusion or thickening. HRCT is more suitable to detect initial cavitation and thin ground-glass haloes.
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PMID:[Invasive aspergillosis in the hematologic patient: the usefulness of computed tomographic and high-resolution computed tomographic studies]. 864 47

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme activities, and total protein (TP), calcium, inorganic phosphate, urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were investigated for their relative importance in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in dogs. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 26 dogs (20 with respiratory diseases and six controls) following anaesthesia with sodium pentothal. Enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were measured in BAL fluid. LDH and ALP levels were significantly increased in 12 dogs with bronchopneumonia, but not in eight dogs with tracheobronchitis. Insignificant and variable levels of TP and UN concentrations were found in both groups. It was concluded that LDH and ALP enzyme activities could be considered as pointers to pulmonary inflammation and/or damage while TP and UN measurements in BAL fluid may have a place in the identification of changes in respiratory and vascular permeability.
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PMID:Specific enzyme activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as an aid to diagnosis of tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia in dogs. 1188 93

Eight one-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated intratracheally with ovine isolates of Bordetella parapertussis. After inoculation, the lambs showed slight depression and anorexia. The total circulating leucocyte counts in these animals rose gradually to a peak five days post-inoculation. Neutrophil counts also increased and were highest at Day 3. Lesions grossly and histologically similar to those of naturally-occurring ovine chronic non-progressive pneumonia were seen in the majority of infected animals. Grossly, they consisted of many small areas of collapse and dull-red consolidation. Histologically, B. parapertussis caused mild acute tracheobronchitis, severe alveolar collapse and acute bronchopneumonia, which was most severe from Days 1 to 3. Pure cultures of B. parapertussis were consistently recovered from nasal swabs of infected lambs throughout the study. Viable bacterial counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a rapid elimination of this organism from the lower respiratory tract between Days 1 to 5. Bordetella parapertussis infection in the respiratory tract of lambs has the potential to compromise pulmonary defence mechanisms and allow other pathogenic organisms to become established in the lower respiratory tract.
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PMID:Pneumonia in lambs inoculated with Bordetella parapertussis: clinical and pathological studies. 1603 69


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