Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is an uncommon clinical form of invasive aspergillosis with fungal infection limited entirely or predominantly to the tracheobronchial tree. We report a case of Aspergillus fumigatus bronchitis, diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with fungal growth completely occluding the left main bronchus leading to lung collapse and acute respiratory failure in a 60-year-old male with erythroleukemia and profound granulocytopenia.
 ...
PMID:Aspergillus bronchitis causing atelectasis and acute respiratory failure in an immunocompromised patient. 1154 91

Aspergillus infections may be categorized by specific radiographic patterns, the patient's immunologic status, and the presence or absence of preexisting structural lung disease. General patterns include invasive aspergillosis (both vascular and airway invasive varieties and acute tracheobronchitis), semiinvasive aspergillosis (including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis), mycetoma, allergic aspergillosis, and obstructing bronchial aspergillosis. Knowledge of these various radiographic patterns as well as the immune derangements that accompany these infections may allow proper diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:The radiologic spectrum of pulmonary Aspergillus infections. 1188 68

Nodular or pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis due to infection by Aspergillus species is an uncommon presentation of invasive aspergillosis. Most cases have been described in severely immunocompromised hosts. We describe the case of a 23-year-old woman, with recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus, who developed worsening respiratory function. Bronchoscopy revealed rapid development and progression of multiple nodular plaques in her trachea and bronchi. Endobronchial biopsy demonstrated invasive fungal infection with tissue necrosis and the presence of hyphal elements consistent with aspergillosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report of fulminant invasive tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus in a patient with an autoimmune disease.
 ...
PMID:Nodular invasive tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 1209 May 70

We reviewed the different clinical forms of thoracic aspergillosis and detailed surgical options. Classical aspergiloma where a tuft of Aspergillus grows in a parenchymal cavity is the most well-known entity. Simple forms (little clinical expression, thin-walled cavity without impact on neighboring tIssue) can be distinguished from complex forms (poor general status, thickened cavity, sequellae). Surgery is the last resort for complex forms, but the procedure is benign for simple forms allowing interruption of the spontaneous evolution. Pleural aspergillosis is a common complication of the excision procedure, whether performed early or at mid-term. Thoracoplasty is often required due to the Volume of parenchyma removed. Surgery can be proposed for acute invasive aspergillosis in two situations: to prevent cataclysmic hemoptysis due to a paravascular lesion, or for resection of sequestered mycotic deposits which could lead to generalized reinfection. Semi-invasive aspergillosis is usually observed in areas of post-radiation fibrosis where the typical aspergillar excavation appears after the initial phase of invasion leading to lobular pneumonia. Thoracoplasty is often the only surgical option. Ulcerated aspergillar tracheobronchitis is observed after (heart)-lung transplantation and raises the risk of characteristic invasive aspergillosis. Finally rare observations of parietal aspergillosis have been treated by surgical resection in combination with systemic antifungal agents. Multidisciplinary consultation is required to establish the most appropriate approach.
 ...
PMID:[Thoracic aspergillosis: indications for surgery for a multifaceted disease!]. 1513 43

Aspergillus is a ubiquitous dimorphic fungus that causes a variety of human diseases ranging in severity from trivial to life-threatening, depending on the host response. An intact host defence is important to prevent disease, but individuals with pre-existing structural lung disease, atopy, occupational exposure or impaired immunity are susceptible. Three distinctive patterns of aspergillus-related lung disease are recognized: saprophytic infestation of airways, cavities and necrotic tissue; allergic disease including extrinsic allergic alveolitis, asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchocentric granulomatosis and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia; and airway and tissue invasive disease -- pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis, acute bronchopneumonia, angioinvasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing aspergillosis and invasive pleural disease. A broad knowledge of these clinical presentations and a high index of suspicion are required to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of the potentially lethal manifestations of aspergillus-related pulmonary disease. In the present report, the clinical, radiographic and pathological aspects of the various aspergillus-related lung diseases are briefly reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Aspergillus-related lung disease. 1630 29

Acute tracheobronchitis is a rare clinical manifestation of respiratory tract invasive aspergillosis, sporadically reported in patients with hematological malignancies against the background of conventional chemotherapy. The authors report on a case of pseudomembranous necrotizing form of histologically proven tracheobronchitis, caused by Aspergillus spp in the time of induction chemotherapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The clinical evolution is gradual: from mild non-specific manifestations of acute tracheobronchitis against the background of a prolonged fever unaffected by antibiotic therapy to the onset of severe acute respiratory insufficiency and unilateral bronchial obstruction syndrome. Multiple spontaneous expectoration of a part of the bronchial wall was observed in which Aspergillus spp hyphae were histologically proven. Tracheobronchoscopy verified nearly complete obturation of the left main bronchus with thick mucous plugs. Lethal outcome from the infection occurred at the stage of hematological remission because of a massive hemoptysis. The diagnostic methods, therapeutic possibilities and differential diagnosis of this rare infectious complication in immunocompromised patients are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomembranous necrotizing tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus spp--contribution of one case with acute myeloid leukemia. 1766 5

The definition of broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infections in non-immunocompromised patients remains vague and a wide range of clinical, radiological and pathological entities have been described with a variety of names, i.e. simple aspergilloma, complex aspergilloma, semi-invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis, pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus, and invasive aspergillosis. However, these disease entities share common characteristics suggesting that they belong to the same group of pulmonary aspergillosis infectious disorders: 1- a specific diathesis responsible for the deterioration in local or systemic defenses against infection (alcohol, tobacco abuse, or diabetes); 2- an underlying bronchopulmonary disease responsible or not for the presence of a residual pleural or bronchopulmonary cavity (active tuberculosis or tuberculosis sequelae, bronchial dilatation, sarcoidosis, COPD); 3- generally, the prolonged use of low-dose oral or inhaled corticosteroids and 4- little or no vascular invasion, a granulomatous reaction and a low tendency for metastasis. There are no established treatment guidelines for broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infection in non-immunocompromised patients, except for invasive aspergillosis. Bronchial artery embolization may stop hemoptysis in certain cases. Surgery is generally impossible because of impaired respiratory function or the severity of the comorbidity and when it is possible morbidity and mortality are very high. Numerous clinical cases and short retrospective series have reported the effect over time of the various antifungal agents available. Oral triazoles, i.e. itraconazole, and in particular voriconazole, appear to provide suitable treatment for broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infections in non-immunocompromised patients.
 ...
PMID:[Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis infections in the non-immunocompromised patient]. 1767 39

Aspergillus spp. cultured in specimens from the airways of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are frequently considered as a contaminant. However, growing evidence suggests that severe COPD patients are at higher risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), although IPA incidence in this population is poorly documented. Some data report that COPD is the underlying disease in 1% of patients with IPA. Definitive diagnosis of IPA in COPD patients is often difficult as tissue samples are rarely obtained before death. Diagnosis is therefore usually based on a combination of clinical features, radiological findings (mostly thoracic computed tomography scans), microbiological results and, sometimes, serological information. Of 56 patients with IPA reported in the literature, 43 (77%) were receiving corticosteroids on admission to hospital. Breathlessness was always a feature of disease and excess wheezing was present in 79% of patients. Fever (>38 degrees C) was present in only 38.5%. Chest pain and haemoptysis were uncommon. Six out of 33 (18%) patients had tracheobronchitis observed during bronchoscopy. The median delay between symptoms and diagnosis was 8.5 days. The mortality rate was high: 53 out of 56 (95%) patients died despite invasive ventilation and antifungal treatment in 43 (77%) of them. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis currently carries a very poor prognosis. Outcome could perhaps be improved by more rapid diagnosis and prompt therapy with voriconazole.
 ...
PMID:Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1790 86

Aspergillus is involved in various lung illnesses related to type of exposition and immunity host response, local (tracheobronchial) and global. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is due to a hypersensitivity response, diagnosis must be considered in presence of severe asthma with radiologic opacities, blood eosinophilia and elevated total serum IgE levels. Bronchial colonization is often accidentally discovered, but needs a monitoring. Pulmonary aspergilloma, often asymptomatic, grows in a preexisting cavity. Aspergillus bronchitis is a prolonged superficious endobronchial infection. Pseudomembranous necrotizing tracheobronchitis is a microinvasive bronchial infection, which prognosis is very bad. Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis affects quite always immunocompromised patients, but cases are not exceptional in patients with prior lung disease. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis may be divided in chronic cavitary and chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis, and subacute invasive aspergillosis according to the course of the disease, radiological outcome first. Management of diseases caused by Aspergillus is evolving with new diagnostic tools (PCR, Aspergillus antigenemia) and with new generation antifungal drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Aspergillosis for the pulmonologist]. 1901 89

Pseudomembranous aspergillus tracheobronchitis superimposed on post-tuberculosis tracheal stenosis has not been previously reported. In the patient described in this case report, the airway obstruction was worsened by aspergillus infection which responded to antifungal therapy and debridement of pseudomembranous tissues by rigid bronchoscopic procedures. A silicone stent was successfully placed in the trachea to restore airway patency when there was no more evidence of tracheobronchial aspergillosis. This case raises the questions of whether, how and when to restore airway patency in patients with tracheal stenosis and concurrent aspergillus tracheobronchitis.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomembranous aspergillus tracheobronchitis superimposed on post-tuberculosis tracheal stenosis. 1914 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>