Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040586 (tracheobronchitis)
 449 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open study, 70 in-patients and 23 out-patients aged between 1 and 14 years with sinusitis (n = 1), perforated otitis media (n = 4), pharyngotonsillitis (n = 25), tracheobronchitis (n = 30) or broncho-pneumonia (n = 33) were treated daily with a combination of 40 mg/kg amoxycillin and 10 mg/kg clavulanic acid in three equal doses for between 6 and 15 days. Purulent specimens were cultured when obtainable and pathogenic organisms identified were Staphylococcus aureus, beta-haemolytic streptococcal group A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudococcus species and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, of which 45.7% were beta-lactamase-producing and 54.3% were ampicillin-susceptible. After treatment, only one beta-lactamase-producing Streptococcus and one Staphylococcus infection persisted. Side-effects (vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, maculopapular exanthema, rash) occurred in 16 patients and treatment was withdrawn in eight. It is concluded that the amoxycillin--clavulanic acid combination is a suitable first choice for the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children in whom the pathogenic organism may not have been established.
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PMID:Treatment of respiratory tract infections in children: a study of a combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid. 222 80

One thousand nine hundred and fifty four autopsies performed at British Columbia's Children's Hospital during a 7-year period were reviewed to determine the causes of sudden unexpected natural death in the age group from birth to 17 years. Of the 126 cases found, the largest group, 86 cases, was sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Nine deaths were the result of infection: 4 cases of H. influenza meningitis, 2 cases of meningococcemia, 2 cases of acute epiglottitis, and 1 case of necrotizing tracheobronchitis. Epilepsy, ruptured AV malformations, and brain tumors combined to make up an equally large group of 9 cases. Cardiac lesions were the third largest group, 6 cases. The three groups that posed the most difficulty in assigning a cause of death were (a) the group that were like SIDS yet had other confounding features, (b) the group in which metabolic death was suspected but not proven, and (c) death in epilepsy.
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PMID:Sudden, unexpected, natural death in childhood. 223 62

Acute upper airway obstruction in a 4-month-old male infant who presented as sudden infant death syndrome is described. At autopsy external tracheal compression and tracheobronchitis with plugging of the trachea and bronchi by an abundant mucopurulent exudate were found. The source of the inflammation was the adjacent esophagus where previous impaction of a coin had caused pressure necrosis with mucosal erosion and transmural granulation tissue formation. This case is reported to demonstrate that foreign bodies that remain in the esophagus, having by-passed the larynx, may still result in upper airway obstruction and death in early infancy by this unusual mechanism.
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PMID:Sudden and unexpected death--a late effect of occult intraesophageal foreign body. 223 68

Aspiration, or soiling of the tracheobronchial tree, can produce life-threatening pulmonary disease. Intermittent or persistent aspiration may cause symptoms including cough, intermittent fever, recurrent tracheobronchitis, atelectasis, pneumonia, and/or empyema. The pulmonary disease may be associated with weight loss, cachexia, and dehydration. In many cases the aspiration is caused by laryngeal dysfunction, allowing pulmonary contamination by swallowed material. In other cases the aspiration is caused by a dysfunction of the oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal phases of swallowing. In some cases the aspiration is caused by a combination of laryngeal and swallowing dysfunction. Geriatric patients are more likely to experience aspiration, since muscle weakness causing mechanical disability and neurologic impairment are more common in this age group. Therefore, with the ever-increasing aging of our population, these disabilities will be on the rise, with an associated increase in pulmonary disease and death. The approach to evaluation and management of these disorders must be based on an understanding of the underlying functional impairment.
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PMID:Approaches to the patient with aspiration and swallowing disabilities. 224 88

This study focused on 401 children less than 5 years old who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) and diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and who were investigated for the presence of both bacterial and viral respiratory tract pathogens as well as for selected diarrheal pathogens. The most common manifestations of ALRI were pneumonia (374 cases), bronchiolitis (12 cases), and tracheobronchitis (11 cases). The majority (77%) of the illnesses were in children less than 2 years of age, and 88% of the children were malnourished. A respiratory tract pathogen was identified in 30% of the patients, and a diarrheal pathogen was identified in 34%. The overall case-fatality rate in children with ALRI and diarrhea was 8%. The case-fatality rate was 14% in children with bacterial pneumonia and diarrhea, 3% in those with viral pneumonia and diarrhea, and 14% in malnourished children with shigellosis and ALRI. The most common respiratory tract pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza viruses, and Haemophilus influenzae type b.
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PMID:Acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients with diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 227 Apr 12

Antibody to the non-serotype-specific cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been said to confer a degree of non-serotype-specific protection against pneumococcal infection. The hypothesis underlying the present study was that if this antibody is protective, relatively higher levels are likely to be detected in patients who are colonized by pneumococci but do not have infection, those who have febrile bronchitis but do not have pneumonia, and those who have pneumococcal pneumonia but are not bacteremic. Mean IgG reactive with CWPS by ELISA in 15 healthy young adults was 43.9 micrograms/ml and in 126 randomly selected hospital patients of all ages was 41.9 micrograms/ml. In subjects with chronic bronchitis with or without known pneumococcal carriage, mean anti-CWPS IgG was 87.7 micrograms/ml. In three groups of patients (3 with acute purulent tracheobronchitis, 13 with nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and 14 with S. pneumoniae bacteremia) at the time of admission, mean antibody levels were essentially identical, 104.9-110.1 micrograms/ml. The data suggest that naturally present anti-CWPS IgG does not protect against the evolution of acute pneumococcal infection from colonization to acute purulent bronchitis, from bronchitis to pneumonia, or from pneumonia to bacteremia.
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PMID:Does naturally acquired IgG antibody to cell wall polysaccharide protect human subjects against pneumococcal infection? 231 67

Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in a 29-year-old woman because of increasing decompensation of HBs-antigen positive post-hepatitic cirrhosis. Postoperatively she developed a mild rejection reaction and diabetes mellitus. Thirteen months after the transplant she conceived twins. This high risk pregnancy was complicated by a febrile viral infection with purulent tracheobronchitis at 9 weeks and a threatened abortion at 11 weeks. At 33 weeks there was a sudden drop in haemoglobin due to a minor uterine rupture which necessitated cesarean section. The female infants--of development in keeping with the dates--showed no clinical or ultrasound evidence of any malformations. Apart from initial difficulties--asphyxia (second twin), fluctuating glucose and calcium levels, an episode of neonatal jaundice which required phototherapy, reluctance to suck and hypotonia--the further development of both twins proceeded normally. The maternal diabetes disappeared after delivery, HBs-antigen remained negative and the HBs-antibody titre rose. The patient has remained in good condition, both mentally and physically.
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PMID:[Twin pregnancy after liver transplantation]. 235 62

The report analyses clinical manifestations, preoperative preparatory procedures, variants and results of urgent and emergency surgical procedures carried out in 47 cases of advanced thyroid cancer. Syndrome of grave lung-heart failure proved a major clinical sign of the disease. It could be compensated by intensive care (in a special ward included). Cervical and cervico-transsternal access was used, and surgery was performed to an extent determined by the pattern and extension of tumor. Thirteen patients died within a few days after operation and 23 at later stages. Among immediate causes of death were lung artery embolism, obstructive tracheobronchitis and tumor progression. Development of emergencies was avoided in many cases by carrying out timely examination and treatment.
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PMID:[Emergency and urgent operations in the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer]. 246 Oct

Branhamella catarrhalis is an important cause of acute sinusitis and otitis media in children and of acute tracheobronchitis in older persons with underlying chronic lung disease or a suppressed immune system. Clinical presentation of B catarrhalis infection varies from a mild, self-limiting disease to severe pneumonia, but most cases are mild to moderate in severity. Infection occurs sporadically, and endogenous spread from the oropharynx is the likely mechanism. The keys to diagnosis are a high index of clinical suspicion, correct interpretation of Gram's stain of sputum, and subsequent confirmation on culture. Because most strains of B catarrhalis produce beta lactamase, antibiotics that resist beta-lactamase production, eg, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin), erythromycin, ciprofloxacin (Cipro), are recommended. Mild infections can be self-limiting and may not require antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Branhamella infections. An increasingly common respiratory illness. 249 49

Isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis from 13 patients with pneumonia, 6 patients with tracheobronchitis, and 8 patients who were colonized with the organism were studied with respect to susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (NHS), glass slide hemagglutination (HA) of group O human erythrocytes, beta-lactamase production, and susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents and laboratory drugs. A total of 18 of 27 isolates were serum resistant, 22 of 27 produced HA, and 21 of 27 were beta-lactamase positive. Statistically significant correlations were found between susceptibility to NHS and susceptibility to trypsin (r = +0.47; P = 0.01) and between susceptibility to NHS and HA (r = -0.48; P = 0.009). Significant correlations were also observed among several pairs of antimicrobial drugs. Analysis of variance showed that mean ampicillin MICs correlated with isolate group (r = -0.49; P = 0.03) in that the pneumonia isolates had higher MICs. Some phenotypic characteristics appeared to be independent of each other. These data suggest that important differences exist among clinically significant B. catarrhalis strains and that these differences may be due to differences in the cell wall envelope of the organism.
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PMID:Phenotypic characteristics of Branhamella catarrhalis strains. 250 53


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