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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infectious croup is a viral or bacterial syndrome characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. Three separate conditions will be discussed: laryngotracheobronchitis, spasmotic croup, and bacterial tracheitis. Each clinical entity will be defined and its treatment reviewed. Current treatment regimens for infectious croup involve various combinations of mist therapy, racemic epinephrine, corticosteroids, and syrup of ipecac. Tradition, rather than science, appears to be the basis of many of these treatments. Despite the frequent occurrence of infectious croup, no treatment has proved consistently successful. Prevention and better treatment methods are the keys for reducing the high cost of infectious croup to the medical care system.
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PMID:Infectious croup: a critical review. 310 93

The acute onset of stridor in a young child usually represents viral croup, particularly during the fall and early winter. If the clinical picture is entirely consistent with this diagnosis and gas exchange is maintained, management with cool mist at home is appropriate. Rapid deterioration is unusual in viral croup; however, if obstruction is prolonged or becomes unusually severe, racemic epinephrine aerosols, hospitalization for careful observation, a brief course of corticosteroid therapy, and, rarely, endotracheal intubation may be required. Many of the other causes of acute stridor in childhood represent true pediatric emergencies: epiglottitis, foreign body aspiration, bacterial tracheitis, allergic airway edema, and retropharyngeal abscess, all requiring management with a consultant. Chronic stridor in infancy most often represents laryngomalacia, a developmental abnormality of the laryngeal cartilage which usually resolves by the second year of life and rarely requires specific treatment. Other causes of chronic stridor in childhood include subglottic hemangioma, vocal cord paralysis, and a long list of abnormalities. In the older child with chronic stridor or in the infant whose clinical picture is unusual for laryngomalacia, airway roentgenograms, barium studies, or laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy should be obtained to establish the definitive diagnosis.
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PMID:Stridor in childhood. 650 82

Viral croup, a common illness in children, manifests with noisy, labored breathing. Parainfluenza viruses are the most common cause of croup; however, other causes including epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical findings; imaging studies may be useful in selected cases. Although most children recover from this self-limited illness with only minimal medical intervention, some are severely affected by laryngeal swelling and require respiratory support with analgesics, cool mist, corticosteroids, nebulized epinephrine, heliox, and, rarely, intubation. In this article, the current diagnostic and management strategies for viral croup are summarized.
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PMID:Viral croup: current diagnosis and treatment. 981 47