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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro antiviral activities of two potentially clinically useful antiviral compounds, adenine arabinoside and iododeoxyuridine, were examined in human fetal intestinal and tracheal organ cultures infected with Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2) or vaccinia virus. The two compounds were similarly active against the viruses in organ culture, and minimal inhibitory concentrations could be determined by titration of organ culture fluid harvests into tissue culture or directly in the organ cultures themselves. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were consistently lower in tracheal than in intestinal organ cultures and were consistently higher for H. hominis type 2 than for H. hominis type 1. Thus the organ cultures are promising systems in which to evaluate antiviral activity against those agents that replicate in vitro only in organ culture, and they may have particular application to the study of herpetic tracheitis and esophagitis.
J Infect Dis 1975 Sep
PMID:Antiviral activity of adenine arabinoside and iododeoxyuridine in human fetal intestinal and tracheal organ cultures. 16 12

Respiratory organs of newborn rats inoculated intranasally with broth culture of Myc. hominis were studied by the histological, histochemical and immunofluorescence methods. Tracheitis and development of purulent and interstitial pneumonia with a hemorrhagic component were revealed 24 hours after the infection. These changes were observed up to the 7th day of the experiment. At the same period a specific fluorescence of the Myc. hominis antigen was found by the antibody fluorescent test. The present study pointed to the pathogenicity of the Myc. hominis for the respiratory tract of the newborn rats.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1977 Sep
PMID:[Mycoplasma hominis as an agent of respiratory tract diseases]. 91 95

Immunocompetent and cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed ferrets were intranasally infected with canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) and observed for clinical signs, histopathologic lesions, the immunocytochemical demonstration of CPIV antigen in the respiratory tract and scanning electron microscopic alterations of the tracheal epithelium until 36 days post infection (p.i.). In both groups, clinical signs were minimal, restricted to the upper respiratory tract and consisted of cough elicited by tracheal compression between 3 and 7 days p.i. Microscopically, inflammatory and degenerative lesions were observed in the trachea and less frequently in the nasal cavity; bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonia was not demonstrated. By immunocytochemistry, CPIV antigen was demonstrated in tracheal epithelial cells, whereas nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles and lung were devoid of viral antigen. Ferrets given CPIV alone developed a minimal lymphocytic tracheitis with minimal loss of cilia and CPIV antigen was observed only 4 days p.i. 17 days p.i., normal epithelial organization and ciliary reappearance was reestablished. Ferrets treated with cyclophosphamide and infected with CPIV exhibited mild to moderate histological lesions as above with similar scanning electron microscopic changes until 36 p.i. Tracheal lesions consisted of intraepithelial and submucosal infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, focal epithelial hyperplasia and multifocal loss of cilia. In addition, mild and transient neutrophilic infiltration was observed. In immunosuppressed ferrets, viral antigen expression was prominent and demonstrated 4 and 8 days p.i. These data suggest that ferrets are susceptible to aerosol CPIV infection.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1991 Sep
PMID:Intranasal infection of ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with canine parainfluenza virus. 166 81

Acute epiglottitis, a fulminating infection in the supraglottic tissue due to Haemophilus influenzae type B can cause relentlessly progressive airway obstruction in infants, children and sometimes in adults. Rapid infection and swelling of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds causes airway obstruction which can be relieved by endotracheal intubation. The systemic infection and septicaemia must be treated by the appropriate intravenous antibiotics. Acute epiglottitis must be differentiated from viral laryngotracheitis or "croup" which is very common and from pseudo-membranous bacterial tracheitis which is rare. A protocol for management of acute inflammatory airway obstruction must involve an orderly sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, instituted without delay.
Ann Acad Med Singap 1991 Sep
PMID:Acute epiglottitis. 178 58

Between October 1989 and August 1990, Dallas County experienced an 11-month epidemic of measles. Of 995 cases of pediatric measles diagnosed in the outpatient department of Children's Medical Center, 108 patients were admitted and 34 of these demonstrated significant upper airway obstruction at the time of admission. Airway problems ranged from mild inspiratory stridor with nasal flaring to frank obstruction and arrest in the emergency room, requiring intubation. Eight of the 34 airway patients were eventually diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis on the basis of endoscopic findings and culture results. The remaining patients had pictures more consistent with viral laryngotracheitis, but all patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent possible progression to bacterial tracheitis. A total of nine patients overall required intubation for airway obstruction and all were successfully extubated. Large outbreaks of measles are becoming common again in populations of urban poor--largely unvaccinated children. The disease in these populations tends to occur at a younger age and may be more aggressive with more associated complications. Physicians must keep in mind the possibility of upper airway obstruction in a significant proportion of these patients. Early diagnosis on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms, endoscopy, and radiographs is the key to timely appropriate management.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991 Sep
PMID:Measles: an epidemic of upper airway obstruction. 194 28

Severely injured patients frequently require endotracheal intubation, either by the nasotracheal (NT) or orotracheal (OT) route, for airway control and/or ventilatory support. If intubation is required for more than two to four weeks, an elective tracheostomy is usually indicated. Transferring these patients to the operating room is difficult, and it impairs their continued monitoring and care. Over a period of 48 months at our institution, 74 patients had tracheostomy done in the intensive care unit (ICU) by a surgical resident (PG2 level) assisted by a chief resident or attending faculty member. Local anesthesia was supplemented with intravenous sedatives, and operating room technique was used, with complete surgical instrument pack and adequate lighting. There were no deaths from the procedure. There were no complications specifically attributed to the performance of tracheostomy in the ICU, though one patient each suffered tracheitis, tracheostomy tube dislodgement, and tracheomalacia. Tracheostomy in the ICU avoids the risks of moving these patients with all their monitoring and infusion lines, and saves operating room time and charges. Trained surgical personnel using adequate instruments and lighting can safely perform a tracheostomy in the intensive care unit.
South Med J 1989 Sep
PMID:Tracheostomy in the intensive care unit: a safe alternative to the operating room. 234 39

Four children with Down's syndrome and bacterial tracheitis are described. In three the infection was due to Haemophilus influenza. In patients with Down's syndrome presenting with stridor tracheitis should be considered and appropriate treatment started.
Arch Dis Child 1987 Sep
PMID:Bacterial tracheitis in Down's syndrome. 296 Feb 75

The safety and efficacy of transtracheal oxygen delivery was evaluated in 8 patients with chronic hypoxemia due to severe lung disease. In 7 the tracheal catheter has now been in place for 7 months on average. It had to be removed in one patient because of hemorrhagic and purulent tracheitis. Accumulation of tenacious mucus at the endotracheal end of the catheter occurred in three patients. A mucus ball had to be removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in two. Oxygen usage is reduced by 50%, thus prolonging the duration of portable oxygen sources. All patients preferred the transtracheal catheter to the nasal cannula as being esthetically superior and non-injurious to the nasal mucosa.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1988 Sep 17
PMID:[Transtracheal O2 administration in long-term oxygen therapy]. 314 Mar 74

An 8-year-old boy with bacterial tracheitis, treated by endotracheal intubation, humidification, airway toilet and antibiotics, experienced a toxic shock syndrome on the day after his admission. The course was favourable. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from tracheal secretions. Bacterial tracheitis is an infrequent cause of non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome. The diagnosis of bacterial tracheitis should be suspected in a child with toxicity and croup who is not responding to the usual therapy. Endoscopy should be performed allowing for removal of the secretions. The maintenance of a clear airway is the main purpose of the treatment.
Eur J Pediatr 1986 Sep
PMID:Bacterial croup and toxic shock syndrome. 376 99

Serious outbreaks of haemorrhagic tracheitis in poultry induced by infectious laryngo-tracheitis virus (ILTV) have been recorded in Egypt for the first time. The disease occurred in different localities during late 1982 and early 1983. The associated drop in egg production ranged between 5% and 35% and there was a mortality rate which ranged from 0.05% to 19.8%. The causal virus was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicken embryos where it induced large yellowish-white pock lesions, 3-4 mm in diameter, by the fifth or sixth day post-inoculation. It was non-lethal to the inoculated embryos. It grew also with cytopathic effect (CPE) on the CER cell line. The CPE was characterized by syncytial formation and intranuclear inclusions. Chickens experimentally inoculated with the virus developed respiratory signs and 14 of 20 birds died with subsequent virus re-isolation. The isolated virus was unable to agglutinate chicken red cells and it was precipitated and partially neutralized by reference serum to ILTV. Viral antigen was detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in tracheal smears obtained from naturally and experimentally infected birds. This is the first report of the isolation of ILTV in Egypt.
Vet Res Commun 1983 Sep
PMID:Avian infectious laryngo-tracheitis in Egypt. I. Epidemiology, virus isolation and identification. 631 30


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