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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The outbreak of the disease occurred in a large multiple-age farm with about 50,000 meat turkeys, where groups of 6-8000 one-day-old birds were stalled up every 14 days. All the turkey poults housed were affected mostly in the 1.-3. week of the life. The respiratory disease spread rapidly within the flocks and were characterised clinically by inclination of huddle, ruffled feathers, anorexia, stunted growth, swelling of the infraorbital sinus and nasal discharge. The clinical apparent disease lasted 3 to 4 weeks on the average in the affected flocks and were associated with a mortality from 7-20 percent. The main pathoanatomical lesions were catarrhal-fibrinopurulent rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia and air sacculitis as well as atrophy of the thymus. Fibrinous adhesive peri- and epicarditis, perihepatitis, miliary necrotic foci in the liver and diarrhea have been found less frequently. The results of cultural and serological examinations of moribund and dead turkey poults of 6 different flocks indicate that Bordetella avium and Chlamydia psittaci are the primary inciting agents of the respiratory disease. However, the following severe course of the disease were mainly caused by concurrent infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In some cases coccidiosis with lesions in ceca were additionally diagnosed. Campylobacter jejuni could be always isolated culturally from the liquid cecal content of diseased birds.
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PMID:[Multicausal infectious respiratory tract disease of young fattening turkeys]. 155 65

In fattening turkeys 2.5 weeks of age a respiratory disease associated with coughing, nasal discharge and swelling of the infraorbital sinus was seen. Pathological findings in diseased turkeys were sinusitis, tracheitis, pneumonia and aerosacculitis. Virological investigations of trachea, kidney and intestine in SPF-chicken embryos resulted in the isolation of a virus, that could be identified as a paramyxovirus type 3 due to chemical-physical, biological, morphological and immunological properties. The pathogenicity of the isolate 324/86 to turkeys was shown in a test with three weeks old turkey poults. This is the first isolation and identification of a paramyxovirus-3 of turkeys in Germany.
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PMID:[Isolation of a paramyxovirus-3 from turkeys with respiratory tract disease in Germany]. 182 71

To evaluate the efficacy of a commercial bacterial vaccine in protecting Strain 13 guineapigs against fatal Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia, it was necessary to establish the infectivity and disease pathogenesis induced by virulent organisms. When guineapigs were exposed to small-particle aerosols of varying concentrations of virulent B. bronchiseptica, a spectrum of disease was produced that ranged from inapparent illness to fulminant bronchopneumonia. Clinical signs began by day 4 after exposure, and were evidenced by anorexia, weight loss, respiratory distress and serous to purulent nasal discharge. Pathological alterations were limited to the respiratory system. Moribund animals exhibited a suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia and necrotizing tracheitis. In animals that survived the challenge, the bacteria were eliminated from the lungs by day 28 but continued to persist in the laryngeal area and the trachea. The median infectious dose and the median lethal dose were estimated to be 4 colony-forming units (CFU) and 1314 CFU respectively. These data suggest that the guineapig will be a valuable model system in which to study interactions between Bordetella species and host cells as well as to evaluate potential B. bronchiseptica immunogens.
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PMID:Airborne-induced experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in strain 13 guineapigs. 362 70

Two commercial live virus infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccines for intranasal administration and an inactivated polyvalent calf pneumonia vaccine were compared for safety and efficacy in calves against experimental IBR infections. All three products were clinically safe for use in young calves; a mild, transient, febrile response was induced by one of the live vaccines. Vaccinal virus was recovered for up to 16 days after vaccination from nasal secretions of all calves given live vaccine. Both live vaccines stimulated a serum neutralising antibody response, but the inactivated vaccine failed to elicit any serological response. Following intranasal challenge four months after the first dose of vaccine, all live virus vaccinates remained systemically healthy. A slight nasal discharge and a few rapidly healing ulcers of the nasal mucosa were the only abnormalities observed. Both the group given the inactivated vaccine and the unvaccinated controls developed clinical IBR with pyrexia, ocular and nasal discharges, severe ulceration of the nasal mucosa and tracheitis and tachypnoea to varying degrees of severity. Parenteral administration of dexamethasone six months after challenge induced reactivation of virus shedding followed by a rise in humoral antibody titre irrespective of the original vaccination history.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of live and inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines. 628 8

The bird examined was a 10-week-old female Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) from an aviary that had housed about 100 Gouldian finches, which had nasal discharge, dyspnoea, anorexia, depression and a very high mortality (50%) in both adult and young birds. Gross and histopathology revealed moderate to severe lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius and thymus, and sinusitis/rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, nephritis and splenitis. Circovirus infection was diagnosed in the Gouldian finch based on finding characteristic globular intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing 15 to 18 nm virus particles in the mononuclear cells of the bursa of Fabricius by transmission electron microscopy and by demonstrating circovirus DNA in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells of the bursa of Fabricius by in situ hybridization using a circovirus-specific DNA probe. The Gouldian finch was also affected by concurrent bacterial and adenovirus infections. This is the first report of circovirus infection in a Gouldian finch.
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PMID:Circovirus infection in a Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae). 1554 33

Bordetella hinzii isolated from the trachea and lungs of a laboratory mouse with a respiratory infection was identified based on its phenotypic and genetic traits. The mouse showed sneezing with a chattering sound but without nasal discharge, and histopathologic examination revealed rhinitis, tracheitis, and bronchopneumonia. The isolate was a gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rod-shaped organism that produced alkali from malonate. The results of biochemical identification, an alkali production test from malonate, and partial sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (1523 bp) were consistent with those reported previously for B. hinzii. The isolate induced sneezing in ICR mice and sneezing and slight to severe dyspnea in NOD-SCID mice after experimental infection. Histopathologic examination revealed catarrhal rhinitis and bronchopneumonia in both strains of mice and interstitial pneumonia in NOD-SCID mice. In light of these findings, B. hinzii was deemed to be a novel causative agent of respiratory disease in mice. This report describes the first isolation of B. hinzii from a mouse and confirms the organism's pathogenicity in mice.
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PMID:Study of a Bordetella hinzii isolate from a laboratory mouse. 1900 69

The authors evaluated the holistic efficacy of nine specific nutrient synergy (NS) against avian influenza virus (AIV) strain Lebanon 1 (H9N2). The study included two segments; the first was designed to determine the minimum dose among four doses (1X, 2X, 3X and 4X in which X = 24.4 mg/ml/bird) of NS, administered intraoesophageally, once per day between 7 and 14 days of age, resulting in an improvement of chicken performance without any toxic side-effects; the second aimed at reducing pathological effects and inducing immunomodulation by the determined safe dose of NS in chickens exposed to AIV. The first segment showed that the daily oral administration of the NS to birds between 7 to 14 days of age at the 2X dose-level (320 mg/kg body weight or 48.8 mg/ml/bird) resulted in a consistent and significant improvement in the feed conversion (P<0.05) at 10 and 14 days of age, associated with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liver weight index. In addition, the administration of NS at 2X level resulted in complete absence of toxicity signs (swollen infraorbital sinuses, ocular exudate, nasal discharge, thick oral saliva, diarrhoea, lameness and huddling) and complete absence of toxicity lesions (airsacculitis, hydropericardium signs, pericarditis, perihepatitis, splenomegaly and tracheitis). The four groups of birds that received levels 1X to 4X levels had significantly higher frequency of birds with gaseous caeca compared to the control group deprived of NS (P<0.05), a sign of higher fermentation activity in this organ. Data from the second segment of this research showed that the daily administration of NS at a level of 48.8 mg/ml/bird, between 7 to 14 days of age, to H9N2-challenged birds reduced specific pathological effects at 14 days of age namely: absence of rales at 3 days post H9N2 challenge and gross lesions (absence of tracheitis and enteritis at 7 days post challenge). Such reductions in signs and gross lesions were associated with a 63.4% reduction in immune responses to the hemagglutinin protein of the AIV, an indication that NS has a reducing effect on the viral infectivity in chickens.
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PMID:Holistic efficacy of specific nutrient synergy against avian flu virus: pathology and immunomodulation. 2041