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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe two patients in whom bacterial tracheitis developed shortly after elective tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Bacterial tracheitis has not previously been reported in this clinical setting. Prompt recognition is essential if a fatal outcome is to be avoided. The cause remains uncertain, but the outcome is good if timely treatment is instituted.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis as a complication of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. 807 48

Bacterial tracheitis is a rare, life-threatening form of upper airway obstruction usually seen in children. It is often confused with other forms of upper airway obstruction and must be distinguished from viral croup and epiglottitis. The mainstay of treatment is establishing and maintaining an artificial airway, thus clearing the trachea of the mucopurulent exudate which has accumulated. It is wise for the physician to maintain a high index of suspicion for bacterial tracheitis especially in those children with fever and an upper airway obstruction who fail to exhibit the typical clinical features of croup or epiglottits.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis: recognition and treatment. 844 82

To investigate the etiology and clinical features of croup syndrome, clinical records of hospitalized children with a diagnosis of croup syndrome were reviewed from April 1990 to January 1996. There was a total of 132 children, aged between three months and seven years with a mean age of 21.3 +/- 16.8 months. A diagnosis of laryngotracheobronchitis was made in 123 (93.2 percent) children. Twenty-three pathogens were identified in twenty-two of them, including seven parainfluenza viruses, five respiratory syncytial viruses, four influenza A viruses, four Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and three adenoviruses. Bacterial tracheitis was confirmed by bronchoscopic examination in seven cases (5.3 percent). Cultures of the respiratory secretions yielded viridans streptococci in six and Staphylococcus aureus in one child. Two children (1.5 percent) had spasmodic croup. No case with epiglottitis was noted in the present study. A fever lasting for more than three days was noted in five (71 percent) children with bacterial tracheitis and thirty-five (28 percent) children with laryngotracheobronchitis (p = 0.048). Among children with laryngotracheobronchitis, an associated diagnosis of pneumonia, acute otitis media, or paranasal sinusitis was more frequently observed in those with fever > 3 days (40 percent) than those with a shorter duration of fever (17 percent, p = 0.013). In conclusion, a child with a longer duration of fever and more severe manifestations of airway obstruction probably has a bacterial cause of croup syndrome or a bacterial complication. Bacterial tracheitis is more common than epiglottitis in Taiwan.
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PMID:Croup syndrome in children: five-year experience. 1091 Jun 24

Bacterial tracheitis is an extremely rare entity, long considered to be a disease of pediatrics. However, cases continue to be reported among adult patients. We present the case of a 19-year-old female patient who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) with bacterial tracheitis. Other adult cases of bacterial tracheitis as reported in the literature from 1981 to the present are discussed.
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PMID:Case report: bacterial tracheitis in an adult female. 1465 Sep 2

A 13-year-old girl and a 12-year-old boy developed acute respiratory insufficiency caused by an upper airway obstruction, which necessitated intubation and mechanical ventilation. Cultures from throat swabs from the girl and boy yielded Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. Diagnoses of bacterial tracheitis were confirmed by tracheoscopy and both children were treated with antibiotics. After 11 and 4 days of mechanical ventilation, respectively, they were successfully extubated. No further complications were encountered. Bacterial tracheitis is a rare but significant cause of upper airway obstruction in children.
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PMID:[Bacterial tracheitis as the cause of acute respiratory insufficiency in 2 teenagers]. 1653 45

The management of paediatric airway emergencies is part of ENT practice. The most common conditions are acute viral laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), acute epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis. Management of these conditions is significantly different and accurate diagnosis is crucial. We performed a retrospective analysis of all acute airway admissions to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children from 1990 to 2003. The results showed a gradual decrease in the number of admissions due to croup. Acute epiglottitis admissions decreased markedly after 1992 but rose again in 2000, with a peak in 2002. Bacterial tracheitis is now the most common paediatric airway emergency requiring PICU admission and its incidence has been steadily increasing since 1990, peaking in 2003. The total number of admissions showed little change over the 14-year period audited. The significant shift in the nature of these conditions and these findings confirm the ongoing requirement for caution in dealing with a suspected airway emergency.
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PMID:Paediatric airway emergencies in Northern Ireland, 1990-2003. 1733 Dec 70

Bacterial tracheitis is due to a secondary bacterial infection of the trachea, resulting in the formation of mucopurulent exudates that may acutely obstruct the upper airway, resulting in a life-threatening condition. Bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with acute upper airway obstruction. This diagnosis should also be considered in any child with viral croup that is nonresponsive to conventional therapy. The only definitive way to diagnose bacterial tracheitis is by direct visualization of the trachea via bronchoscopy; however, this may not be required in all cases. Management includes close observation and monitoring, early initiation of broad spectrum antibiotics, pain management and aggressive airway clearance techniques. The decision to intubate should be individualized based on the severity of symptoms, age of child and accessibility of personnel skilled at emergency intubation techniques. If diagnosed and treated early, complete recovery is expected.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis in children: Approach to diagnosis and treatment. 1965 77

Bacterial tracheitis should be raised as a possible cause in cases of severe febrile dyspnea. It can be life-threatening due to airway obstruction or, less frequently, due to toxic shock syndrome. We report the observation of toxic shock syndrome-complicated bacterial tracheitis in a 14-year-old boy. We describe the signs and symptoms of these conditions as well as the principles of treatment.
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PMID:[Staphylococcal tracheitis and toxic shock syndrome in a child]. 2088 Jun 76


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