Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The management of acute croup syndrome has undergone very interesting changes in the past century. Initially a number of conditions were thought to be synonymous with croup, but with identification of the bacterial and viral etiology these have been separated into different clinical entities: viral croup which is very common and frequently self-limited; bacterial tracheitis, a condition which is infrequently encountered and which may be a complication of viral croup; and epiglottitis or supraglottitis, a disease that has been identified as most frequently due to a specific organism, H. influenzae. The management of the child with airway obstruction has also changed. Before the past decade virtually all children with epiglottitis were treated with tracheotomy and currently very few children are thus treated. Intubation has been showed to be a safe procedure in these cases. There still exists some controversy regarding the treatment of the child with laryngotracheobronchitis. In the vast majority of cases medical management has been successful and in the remainder there is controversy regarding the use of intubation or tracheotomy.
 ...
PMID:Croup syndrome: historical perspective. 306 41

Infectious croup is a viral or bacterial syndrome characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. Three separate conditions will be discussed: laryngotracheobronchitis, spasmotic croup, and bacterial tracheitis. Each clinical entity will be defined and its treatment reviewed. Current treatment regimens for infectious croup involve various combinations of mist therapy, racemic epinephrine, corticosteroids, and syrup of ipecac. Tradition, rather than science, appears to be the basis of many of these treatments. Despite the frequent occurrence of infectious croup, no treatment has proved consistently successful. Prevention and better treatment methods are the keys for reducing the high cost of infectious croup to the medical care system.
 ...
PMID:Infectious croup: a critical review. 310 93

The safety and efficacy of transtracheal oxygen delivery was evaluated in 8 patients with chronic hypoxemia due to severe lung disease. In 7 the tracheal catheter has now been in place for 7 months on average. It had to be removed in one patient because of hemorrhagic and purulent tracheitis. Accumulation of tenacious mucus at the endotracheal end of the catheter occurred in three patients. A mucus ball had to be removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in two. Oxygen usage is reduced by 50%, thus prolonging the duration of portable oxygen sources. All patients preferred the transtracheal catheter to the nasal cannula as being esthetically superior and non-injurious to the nasal mucosa.
 ...
PMID:[Transtracheal O2 administration in long-term oxygen therapy]. 314 Mar 74

A retrospective analysis was made of 319 patients having tracheotomies at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto between 1976 and 1985. In comparison to a similar study at the same institution completed 15 years earlier, the average number of tracheotomies per year has declined by half, because almost no tracheotomies are now done in patients with epiglottitis and tracheitis. Tracheotomies for children with CNS disorders and craniofacial anomalies are relatively more frequent. The average duration of tracheotomy is almost 1 year (339 days). Complications occurred in 30% of patients, but tracheotomy-related mortality was less than 1%.
 ...
PMID:Tracheotomies: a 10-year experience in 319 children. 317 95

A 22-year-old woman presented to an ear, nose, and throat clinic with an upper respiratory infection and sudden stridorous respirations. Aerosolized isoethrane therapy was beneficial and fiber-optic nasolaryngoscopy revealed a normal supraglottis and purulent intratracheal secretions. Secretions were cultured and grew Staphylococcus aureus and alpha hemolytic Streptococcus. IV cefazolin was initiated and the patient recovered without sequelae. This case illustrates a rare cause of upper airway obstruction, tracheitis. Tracheitis has been found in the pediatric literature. This is the first adult case reported in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Tracheitis: the 'other' cause of upper airway obstruction. 333 19

Quantitative clearance of aerosolized Escherichia coli from the trachea, lung, and air sacs was measured in turkeys infected with Bordetella avium. Clearance of E. coli in turkeys with B. avium-induced tracheitis was minimally affected early in infection. Sixteen to 23 days after infection with B. avium, sporadic, mild depressions in clearance of E. coli were observed in the tracheas, which had large areas of deciliated tracheal epithelium or replacement of normal epithelium by immature hyperplastic epithelium or metaplastic squamous epithelium. Clearance of E. coli from the lung and air sacs was minimally affected in turkeys infected with B. avium.
 ...
PMID:Clearance of bacteria in turkeys with Bordetella avium-induced tracheitis. 352 45

To compare high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) with pressure-limited time-cycled conventional ventilation (CV), we randomized 41 infants with clinical and radiographic evidence of respiratory distress syndrome during the first day of life to receive either HFJV or CV. Standardized ventilatory protocols were used for 48 hours, after which CV was administered to both groups. Despite comparable oxygenation (arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio), mean airway pressure was lower in the HFJV group (9 +/- 2 vs 13 +/- 2 cm H2O, P less than 0.001), and thus the arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio corrected for mean airway pressure was improved in the HFJV group (P less than 0.05). PaCO2 was lower during HFJV (37 +/- 3 vs 42 +/- 3 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) despite a comparable peak inspiratory pressure. The incidence of air leaks, progression of intraventricular hemorrhage, and mortality during the 48-hour period did not differ between the two groups. Bronchoscopies in eight infants given HFJV and five given CV revealed no microscopic evidence of necrotizing tracheobronchitis, but one infant given HFJV had evidence of necrotizing tracheitis at autopsy. We conclude that for 48 hours during the acute stage of respiratory distress syndrome, HFJV can maintain adequate gas exchange at lower mean airway pressure than during CV, without an increase in the incidence of side effects.
 ...
PMID:Randomized trial of high-frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome. 354 78

The efficacy and safety of intravenous and sequential intravenous-oral clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin therapy was evaluated in 71 hospitalized paediatric patients, one month to 16 years of age. The infections treated included peritonsillar abscess (2 patients), purulent tracheitis (1), acute epiglottitis (24), pneumonia (31), pansinusitis (4), mastoiditis (1), cellulitis (4), lymphadenitis (2) and pyelonephritis (2). The severity of disease was rated as moderate in 31 patients (44%), and as severe in 40 (56%). Bacterial pathogens could be cultured in 26 cases (37%). The response to therapy was prompt and followed by clinical cure in each patient. Adverse drug effects included phlebitis (in 6%), mild gastrointestinal complaints (6%), rash (4%) and transient neutropenia and elevation of transaminases (one case each). It is concluded that amoxycillin/clavulanate is effective and safe treatment for bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin or soft tissues in children.
 ...
PMID:Sequential intravenous-oral amoxycillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) therapy in paediatric hospital practice. 357 Oct 53

Children presenting to the emergency department with symptoms of upper respiratory distress represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. An acute onset associated with fever most often indicates epiglottitis or laryngotracheobronchitis. Presented here is a case of acute bacterial tracheitis, a life-threatening entity that apparently has reemerged recently. Prompt recognition is essential but can be difficult. Historical perspectives, clinical features, and pitfalls in diagnosis and management are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial tracheitis: a resurfacing airway emergency. 358 54

To evaluate the efficacy of a commercial bacterial vaccine in protecting Strain 13 guineapigs against fatal Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia, it was necessary to establish the infectivity and disease pathogenesis induced by virulent organisms. When guineapigs were exposed to small-particle aerosols of varying concentrations of virulent B. bronchiseptica, a spectrum of disease was produced that ranged from inapparent illness to fulminant bronchopneumonia. Clinical signs began by day 4 after exposure, and were evidenced by anorexia, weight loss, respiratory distress and serous to purulent nasal discharge. Pathological alterations were limited to the respiratory system. Moribund animals exhibited a suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia and necrotizing tracheitis. In animals that survived the challenge, the bacteria were eliminated from the lungs by day 28 but continued to persist in the laryngeal area and the trachea. The median infectious dose and the median lethal dose were estimated to be 4 colony-forming units (CFU) and 1314 CFU respectively. These data suggest that the guineapig will be a valuable model system in which to study interactions between Bordetella species and host cells as well as to evaluate potential B. bronchiseptica immunogens.
 ...
PMID:Airborne-induced experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in strain 13 guineapigs. 362 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>